Дифракционная оптика, оптические технологии. Рубрика в журнале - Компьютерная оптика
Determination of microrelief of the sample by singular beams superposition
Статья научная
In present paper we propose easy way to implement method of interfering vortices with opposite topological charge for the real time determination of the thickness and information about the surface of studied samples with the resolution up to 7 nanometers. The determination of the characteristics of the medial cross-section of submicron-objects becomes possible due to phase sensitivity of interfering singular beams to the slightest changes in the optical path difference between them. The dependence of rotational angle of resulting interference pattern in case of different sample thickness for two singular beams superposition is considered in detail.
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Determination of the beam waist position for the spin-orbit interaction effect observation
Статья научная
The spin angular momentum and the extrinsic orbital angular momentum of light are associated with the polarization of light and the light propagation trajectory, respectively. Those momenta are interdependent not only in an inhomogeneous or anisotropic medium but even in free space. This interaction is called the spin-orbit interaction of light. The effects of the spin-orbit interaction of light manifest themselves in a small transverse shift of the beam field longitudinal component from the beam propagation axis in the waist region under the circular polarization sign change. They can be observed both for Gaussian beams and for structured beams. The effects of the spin-orbit interaction of light should be taken into account when nanophotonics devices are created, but the detailed investigation of the effect had not been performed yet due to the low intensity noise image of the beam waist. Precise measurements of the focal waist centerline are needed to determine the transverse shift of the beam field longitudinal component of the asymmetric converging beam’s waist under the circular polarization sign change. We propose methods for determining the transverse and longitudinal positions of the beam waist. Computer image processing methods made it possible to obtain the value of the beam waist's transverse position with an accuracy of 0.1 mm. These methods will allow further testing of the shifts' theoretical predictions, the values of which are the order of 1 mm. The results obtained can also be used for laser processing of materials by polarized light and precise positioning of the beam's focal spot at a surface.
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Diffractive optical power of a square diaphragm
Статья научная
The concept of diffractive optical power is extended over the case of a square diaphragm and of the negative Fresnel numbers for the incident wave. The accurate interpolation formula for the image location is represented. It contains the additional factor describing the dependence of the optical power on the incident wave front curvature. The high precision of the approximation is the conclusive evidence for the correctness of the physical model for the focusing action of the diaphragms.
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Статья научная
In this paper, attempts have been made to study the joint effects of apodization and aperture masking on the diffraction images of coherently illuminated straight edge. The Edge-Ringing, Edge-Shift and Edge-Eradient of the edge images have been evaluated for different values of apodization using edge masking of circular apertures. We have considered rotationally symmetric, aberrated coherent optical system. These investigations have lead to the use of certain pupil functions in conjunction with optimal apodizers to assess the quality of edge images. Any obstruction placed in the light path of an optical system prevents waves from a portion of the wavefront in reaching the focal zone. This results in the change in the light flux at every point of the diffraction pattern. This is in turn, depends on the shape and size of the obstruction.
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Статья научная
This paper presents the diffraction characteristics of electrically controlled multiplexed three-layer holographic diffraction structures formed in photopolymer materials with a high proportion of nematic liquid crystals. The results obtained demonstrate the possibility of using multilayer holographic diffraction structures as the main element for electrically controlled optical spectral filters for dense wavelength division multiplexing communication networks.
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Статья
В настоящем дополнении к оригинальной статье [1] исправляется ошибка, допущенная при расчетах спектров отражения и пропускания изогнутого волноводного резонатора Фабри–Перо. Ошибка возникла вследствие пренебрежения оболочечными модами в прямых волноводных участках перед и после исследуемого резонатора (рис. 2а в оригинальной статье). Хотя данные моды не вносят непосредственного вклада в вычисляемую прошедшую и отраженную мощность, их учет необходим для корректного расчета спектров отражения и пропускания резонатора, что было обнаружено после опубликования статьи. В данном дополнении приводятся исправленные результаты, а также некоторые корректировки выводов оригинальной статьи.
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Focusing of light beams with the phase apodization of the optical system
Статья научная
We investigated reduction of the size of the illuminated beam in the focal region produced by the optical systems of NA=0.99 has been. The intensity distributions of polarized light field in the focal volume for the phase apodization pupil have been discussed. The circular pupil in different phase apodization situations can be employed to control the field components in the resultant in-tensity distribution. We show that both axial and transverse resolution improvement in the focal distribution is possible by applying proper phase engineering in the annulus of the pupil function.
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Статья научная
The propagation of a slow surface electromagnetic wave of the whispering gallery mode type formed on the surface of a semiconductor cylindrical waveguide is considered. The dynamic of interaction of circularly propagating electromagnetic radiation at wavelength 1.55 μm with an alternating drift current wave in the bulk of a semiconductor is studied. It is assumed that the drift velocity of charge carriers coincides with the speed of circular surface wave which moves along the axis of a cylindrical waveguide. In this case, it is possible to achieve strong phase modulation of a slow surface wave over a wide range of wavelengths so as, the modulated radiation can be converted into a sequence of short pulses. The peak power of the generated pulses is shown to be orders of a magnitude higher than the average pump power. The length of the optical waveguide at which wave packets are formed is determined by the depth and frequency of light modulation in the semiconductor cylindrical waveguide.
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Generation of linearly polarized modes using a digital micromirror device and phase optimization
Статья научная
Linearly polarized modes were generated from the fundamental LP01 using Lee holograms displayed on a digital micromirror device. The phase in the holograms was optimized using simulated annealing algorithm and complex amplitude correlation to improve the quality of the converted modes. The correlation measurements, and comparisons between numerical and experimental results, show the fidelity of the obtained modes and the effectiveness of the optimization. Furthermore, the optimized holograms can be combined to generate multiple modes spatially addressed with individual control. The results, and the use of a digital micromirror device instead of the most common liquid crystal modulators, make this method suitable for Modal Division Multiplexing systems and compatible with other optical telecommunication techniques like Wavelength and Polarization Division multiplexing, and reconfigurable optical networks.
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Genetic algorithm for optimizing Bragg and hybrid metal-dielectric reflectors
Статья научная
Highly efficient reflectors are in demand in the rapidly developing optoelectronics. At the moment, distributed Bragg reflectors made of semiconductor materials are mainly used in this capacity. A lot of time and financial resources are spent on their production. Reducing the thickness of the reflector while maintaining its reflectivity would make these devices more affordable and extend their lifetime by reducing thermal noise. With the help of genetic optimization algorithms, the structures of multilayer semiconductor and combined metal-semiconductor reflectors were obtained, having a smaller thickness and equal optical characteristics than those of classical analogues. In particular, a 29 % reduction in the thickness of the silicon / silica Bragg reflector was achieved without compromising performance.
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Hybrid Tamm-cavity modes in photonic crystal with resonant nanocomposite defect layer
Статья научная
Hybrid optical modes in a one-dimensional photonic crystal with a resonant nanocomposite defect bounded by a metallic layer are studied. The nanocomposite consists of spherical metallic constituents, that are distributed in a dielectric matrix. Transmittance, reflectance, and absorbance spectra of this structure, which is shined by light with normal incidence, are calculated. The possibility of control of the hybrid modes spectral characteristics by changing the thickness of the layer adjacent to the metal, the number of layers, and the nanocomposite filling factor is shown.
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Insight into plasmonics: resurrection of modern-day science (invited)
Статья научная
Plasmonics is a field of research and technology that focuses on the interaction between light and free electrons in a metal structure called plasmon. The study of plasmonics has gained significant attention in recent years due to its potential for several applications and its ability to manipulate light at nanoscale dimensions. Plasmonics enables the control of light at the nanoscale, far beyond the diffraction limit of conventional optics. This allows for the development of new devices and technologies with enhanced performance and functionality. In this paper, recent advances in plasmonics in medicine, agriculture, agriculture, environmental monitoring, lasers and solar energy harvesting are reviewed. Despite these promising prospects, plasmonic devices must overcome obstacles such as significant energy losses, complicated production processes, and the need for better material characteristics. Plasmonics will continue to advance because of ongoing work in nanotechnology, material science, and engineering, which will make it a more significant field with a wide range of usages in the future. In the end, the advantages and the limitations related to the realization of plasmonic devices in the real world are discussed.
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Inverse scattering transform algorithm for the Manakov system
Статья научная
A numerical algorithm is described for solving the inverse spectral scattering problem associated with the Manakov model of the vector nonlinear Schrödinger equation. This model of wave processes simultaneously considers dispersion, nonlinearity and polarization effects. It is in demand in nonlinear physical optics and is especially perspective for describing optical radiation propagation through the fiber communication lines. In the presented algorithm, the solution to the inverse scattering problem based on the inversion of a set of nested matrices of the discretized system of Gelfand-Levitan-Marchenko integral equations, using a block version of the Levinson-type Toeplitz bordering algorithm. Numerical tests carried out by comparing calculations with known exact analytical solutions confirm the stability and second order of accuracy of the proposed algorithm. We also give an example of the algorithm application to simulate the collision of a differently polarized pair of Manakov optical vector solitons.
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Losses and orbital part of the poynting vector of air-core modes in hollow-core fibers
Статья научная
In our earlier works, we investigated a relationship between the formation of vortices in the transverse component of the Poynting vector of core modes and the regimes of strong localization of these modes in solid core micro-structured optical fibers. In this paper, we consider the behavior of the orbital part of the Poynting vector of fundamental and high-order modes in hollow-core fibers, and make comparisons with similar fundamental core mode behavior in solid core micro- structured optical fibers. We then demonstrated the impact of the “negative” curvature of the core-cladding boundary of a hollow-core fiber on the behavior of the orbital part of the Poynting vector of the air-core modes.
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MIMO communication system capacity in random visible light channel
Статья научная
Being a promising one, optical information transmission standard expands capabilities of communication systems in the conditions of heavy frequency band load. Optical communication system efficiency in a room can be improved by multi-antenna systems. The aim of this paper is a theoretical study of MIMO Li-Fi communication system capacity. The calculation of ergodic capacity is performed for MIMO optical communication system in terms of various scenarios of light propagation. Receiving and transmitting system is modeled in the form of receivers and transmitters randomly placed in a room with randomly oriented light-emitting and photo diodes. A matrix of channel parameters is modeled using corresponding probability density functions and additive Gaussian noise at receiver inputs. The paper also considers various scenarios of optical signal propagation and their influence on optical channel capacity. The comparison of various methods of power distribution between original modes of MIMO optical communication system as well as their influence on capacity is carried out. Optimal power distribution between MIMO system eigenmodes is determined by maximum capacity criterion.
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Статья научная
The paper studies entangled states of two qubits interacting with each other and with an electromagnetic field. The state of the qubits is determined by a statistical density matrix. The degree of entanglement of the state is characterized by the Peres-Gorodeckii (PG) parameter. The statistical density matrix and its evolution are determined in the energy representation within the framework of the path integral formalism. The obtained equations determine the dependence of the PG parameter on the parameters of qubit dipole-dipole interaction and the acting electromagnetic field. The results of numerical calculations are presented in graphs for the PG parameter. It is shown that it is possible to choose parameters corresponding to qubit states with a high degree of entanglement (0.99).
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Статья научная
We propose a method of analysis of spontaneous emission of a quantum emitter (an atom, a luminescence center, a quantum dot) inside or in vicinity of a cylinder. At the focus of our method are analytical expressions for the scattering matrix of the cylindrical nanoobject. We propose the approach to electromagnetic field quantization based of eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the scattering matrix. The method is applicable for calculation and analysis of spontaneous emission rates and angular dependences of radiation for a set of different systems: semiconductor nanowires with quantum dots, plasmonic nanowires, cylindrical hollows in dielectrics and metals. Relative simplicity of the method allows obtaining analytical and semi-analytical expressions for both cases of radiation into external medium and into guided modes.
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Статья научная
In this paper, we demonstrate that combining a laser heating (LH) system with a tandem acousto-optical tunable filter (TAOTF) allows us to measure the temperature distribution (TD) across a laser-heated microscopic specimen. Spectral image processing is based on one-dimensional (1D) non-linear least squares fitting of the Planck radiation function. It is applied for determining the temperature T at each point ( x, y ) of the specimen surface. It is shown that spectral image processing using the 1D non-linear least squares fitting allows measurement of the TD of the laser-heated microscopic specimen with higher precision and stability than those of the conventional linear least-squares fitting of the Wien approximation of Planck’s law.
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Статья научная
This paper presents the results of an analysis of the necessary propagation conditions in a step-index optical fiber with a Kerr nonlinearity of two modes, LP01 and LP11 , during the transmission of high-power optical pulses. All results were obtained by solving a system of two nonlinear equations for these modes, obtained by the Gauss approximation method, and the subsequent use of a procedure for refining estimates using the mixed finite elements method. The necessary conditions are determined, estimates of the boundaries for the range of normalised frequencies for which they are fulfilled are obtained, and an approximate formula is proposed for estimating the upper limit of this range.
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Noise minimized high resolution digital holographic microscopy applied to surface topography
Статья научная
The topography of surface relief gratings was studied by digital holographic microscopy. The applicability of the method for quantitative measurements of surface microstructure at nanoscale was demonstrated. The method for wavefront reconstruction of surface relief from a digital hologram recorded in off-axis configuration was also applied. The main feature is noise filtration due to the presence of noise in the recorded intensity distribution and the use of all orders of the hologram. Reconstruction results proved a better effectiveness of our approach for topography studying of relief grating patterned on a ChG As2S3 - Se nanomultilayers in comparison with standard Fourier Transform and Atom Force Microscope methods.
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