Статьи журнала - Гений ортопедии
Все статьи: 2083
Pyomyositis: case series of 14 patients to study the significance of early diagnosis and management
Статья научная
Introduction Pyomyositis denotes primary pyogenic infection of skeletal muscle. It is predominantly a disease of tropical countries. It usually involves the largest muscle groups around the pelvic girdle and lower extremities. Primary reasons for delay in diagnosis are its low incidence and vague presentation [7]. This delay can result in complications such as extension into and destruction of an adjacent joint, sepsis and, even death. Our study is aimed to highlight the extent and sequence of treatment protocol required for good management of these patients. Methods We retrospectively analyzed our experience with a series of 14 pediatric patients with primary pyomyositis who were treated and followed up. There were five girls and nine boys. All 14 patients underwent plain radiographs, USG and MRI of the affected area followed by surgical drainage and a course of antibiotics. Patients were followed up with weekly CRP. Results Six out of 14 (42.9 %) patients had a history of mild trauma. Ileopsoas muscle was involved in 4 patients, 3 cases in which the gluteals or quadriceps were involved, 2 cases with obturator muscle involvement and 2 cases in which adductors were the infection site. All 14 patients were treated surgically. Conclusion Our study shows that early diagnosis, complete drainage of the purulent material and the use of appropriate antibiotic therapy are the key determinants of successful treatment that lead to complete resolution in the majority of cases.
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Optimizing the conditions for cranial bone fracture healing remains to be a relevant field of the current traumatology and orthopaedics. Purpose. To study the impact of compression on reparative osteogenesis when engrafting the resected flaps of calvarial bones. Materials and methods. Two groups of experiments performed in 20 adult mongrel dogs complying with all the requirements of the European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals used for Experimental and other Scientific Purposes. Dogs from Group 1 (n=10) underwent resection of the two sites of calvarial bones (the caudal flap preserved connections with surrounding soft tissues, the cranial flap - not preserved) of rectangular shape and 1.9×1.5 cm by size, they were laid into their former place and fixation performed with compression using thin wires with stoppers to the medial defect margin by transosseous osteosynthesis method. Compression produced by tightening fixing wires with the force of 40 kg. In Group 2 (n=10) bone flaps were laid into the defect without fixation. The investigations (clinical, radiological and histological) performed 7, 14, 21, 28 and 60 days after surgery. Results. Compression produced at the junction of the margins of free bone fragments and calvarial flat bone defect revealed to contribute to bone tissue formation in earlier periods of time. Conclusion. The results obtained in the present study formed the basis for using the technique of transosseous compression osteosynthesis in treatment of patients with cranial bone fractures in clinical departments of the Center.
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Reconstruction of bone loss of diaphyseal tibial bones using G.A. Ilizarov technique
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The treatment of segmental defects in the diaphysis of long bones is one of the most difficult problems that a surgeon faces in his practice. Methods that are used to cover bone defects include bone autotransplantation [1], posterolateral bone transplantation [2], allotransplantation [3], and tibialization [4]. With the application of all the above traditional methods of treating bone defects, numerous surgical interventions are sometimes required. The period of treatment is long, the load on the limb may not be possible, and the functional results are often unsatisfactory. Recent studies have demonstrated that the method used GA. Ilizarov is more popular than the use of vascularized bone grafts, especially with large bone defects [5, 14].
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Reconstructive surgery in recurrent deformity (clubfoot relapse)
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Introduction Recurrent clubfoot deformity may be due to either an imperfect initial correction, or a natural history of a severe disease. In the later, idiopathic clubfoot is uncommon. In the review we describe reconstructive surgery in recurrent deformity of idiopathic clubfoot. Material and methods Surgery may be justified at different age and according to the type of deformity. Different surgical approaches and their indications are exposed in the article. Results After Ponseti’s method application additional surgeries may be considered in recurrent clubfoot deformity which may represent 10 to 20 % of cases: second Achilles tenotomy, postero-lateral relapse, complete antero-medial and postero-lateral relapse, transfer of the anterior tibial tendon, correction of sequelae: metatarsus varus, residual equinus, residual rotation of the calcaneopedal unit. Conclusion Idiopathic equine varus clubfoot is a frequent condition. Well-codified management should lead to extremely favorable functional results. Unfortunately, some cases lead to a recurrence of the deformity. Surgical procedures are sometimes required. The goal is to avoid as much as possible arthrodesis and secondary degenerative arthritis.
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Resorbable implants in paediatric orthopaedics and traumatology
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Background Development of resorbable implants for paediatric orthopaedics is promising as there is no need for implant removal.The aim of this paper is to present our experience in resorbable implants in paediatric traumatology, and to make an overview of the recent literature.Material and methods In our department of paediatric traumatology and orthopaedics, we have operated 7 children with fractures of long bones with resorbable screws (ActivaScrew™). The inclusion criteria were intra-articular and juxta-articular fractures in children with an indication for screw fixation. To prepare the review, we searched for information sources at the scientific platforms such as PubMed, Scopus, ResearchGate, RSCI, as well as other published products (Elsevier, Springer).Results The cohort is represented by 7 patients, 4 girls and 3 boys, aged from 5 to 14 years old. The 7 fractures were 3 at the elbow and 4 at the ankle joint. In the immediate postoperative period, no patient presented with abnormal swelling, redness, or tissue reaction. Pain disappeared at day 7 in all cases. Weight-bearing and return to sport activities were allowed in normal delay. Radiological bone union was obtained between 3 and 6 weeks. Range of motion in adjacent joints was comparable to the opposite non-fractured side at 3 months. There were no cases of complications, no infection, and no need for a reoperation.Discussion The use of resorbable implants, either co-polymers or magnesium, solves the problem: removal of implants is not anymore necessary. Resorbable implants are becoming safer as they have good solidity allowing bone union of fractures and osteotomies before their eliminating.Conclusion Main indications of resorbable implants in pediatrics remain fractures and osteotomies fixed with screws. The development of plates and intramedullary nails will enlarge the indications. Level of evidence: IV.
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Background Percutaneous minimally invasive surgery (MIS) has been increasingly implemented to treat thoracolumbar (TL) fracture against a conventional open pedicle screw fixation (OPSF) with desirable radiological and clinical outcomes. Studies in the Indian context are required to determine the efficiency of MIS over OPSF. Objective To compare restoration and maintenance of vertebral body height (VBH) following MIS versus OPSF. Methods A prospective comparative study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital. Patients (n = 36) aged 18-65 years (males = 23, females = 13) with traumatic TL fractures were identified. Eighteen of them underwent OPSF and other eighteen underwent MIS. The radiological outcomes like anterior and posterior vertebral body height percentage (AVBH % and PVBH %) restoration and maintenance were evaluated. Quantitative variables were analyzed and described using mean ± standard deviation and qualitative variables were presented using frequency and percentage. Student t-test was used to analyse continuous data and Chi-square/Fisher Exact test was used to analyse categorical data. Results The mean age of the patients was 38.8 years. The majority of fractures were seen in the T12-LI segment (52.7 %). The AVBH % restoration and maintenance in OPSF was significantly higher compared to that of MIS at immediate post-operative (IPO) period (p = 0.01), 6 weeks (p = 0.02) and 12 weeks (p = 0.006) post-surgery. Long segment stabilization provided statistically significant AVBH and PVBH values for OPSF compared to MIS (p 0.05). Superficial surgical site infection (SSSI) was seen in both the groups without any statistical significance between them (p > 0.05). Conclusion OPSF is superior over MIS in the restoration of AVBH. Restoration of PVBH was also better with OPSF although not statistically significant. OPSF with longer segment fixation had better restoration of both AVBH and PVBH. The presence or absence of pedicle screw at fractured vertebral level did not seem to have any significance in both the groups. However, the MIS approach can be a reasonable alternative to open surgery with potential advantages like better clinical and functional outcome. A selected population of patients treated with MIS will show better surgical outcomes.
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Статья научная
Introduction Supracondylar and intercondylar fractures of the distal femur are often attributed to high energy trauma. Treatment of such severely comminuted fractures is challenging. Poor overlying soft tissue, bone loss in the presence of severe comminution and intercondylar extension makes implant selection difficult. Unilateral knee spanning external fixators and hybrid fixators can lead to knee joint stiffness and the issue of bone loss is difficult to deal with them. Ilizarov ring fixator is reserved for severely comminuted fractures and injuries with poor overlying soft tissues. It can effectively manage the bone loss and facilitates limb length restoration, promotes early weight bearing and mobilization. Aim To study the role of the Ilizarov ring fixator in management of severely comminuted supracondylar and intercondylar fractures of the distal femur. Material and Method A total of 13 (all male patients) consecutive patients with severely comminuted supracondylar and intercondylar fractures of the distal femur were treated from December 2013 to March 2016. There was one case with A3 type, one with C1, five cases with C2 and six cases with C3 type as per AO/ASIF Classification. Gustilo-Anderson classification was used for compound fractures. Four cases of C3 type required limited open reduction. Results All patients completed one-year follow-up. Average fracture union time was 20 weeks. Pin tract infection (n = 7) was a frequent complication. Patients with C3 Type of fracture had more restriction in knee flexion (n = 5). No case had limb length discrepancy more than 2.5 cm. No case of nonunion or premature fixator removal due to infection was noted in the series. Conclusion Ilizarov ring fixator can be considered as one of the reliable treatment options for severely comminuted distal femoral fractures with intra-articular extension.
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Seri-остеотомия как один из методов оперативного лечения вальгусной деформации первого пальца стопы
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Проблема хирургического лечения деформации первого пальца стопы на сегодняшний день не утратила свою актуальность. Цель. Изучение результатов применения малоинвазивной операции SERI-остеотомии при лечении вальгусного отклонения первого пальца стопы. Материалы и методы. В отделении травматологии РКБ № 1за период с декабря 2011 по март 2014 года было прооперировано 34 больных (58 стоп) по поводу Hallux valgus в возрасте от 30 до 55 лет (29 женщин и 5 мужчин). Всем больным была произведена SERI-остеотомия первой плюсневой кости. Из них у 27 больных (42 стопы) с HVA до 40 градусов и IMA менее 20 градусов и у 4 больных (8 стоп) - с HVA более 40 градусов и IMA более 20 градусов. Четырем больным (6 стоп) была произведена косая остеотомия с удлинением первой плюсневой кости и 1 больному (2 стопы) - поперечная остеотомия без удлинения. Результаты. Через 2 мес. клинические признаки сращения костных отломков наблюдались у 24 больных. По результатам рентгенологических исследований сращение было признано удовлетворительным у 13 больных, слабым - у 15 больных. Признаков сращения не наблюдалось у 3 больных. Трое больных выпали из наблюдения. Коррекция была признана удовлетворительной у всех больных. Все больные довольны результатами операции. Отдаленные результаты лечения оценивались по шкале AOFAS. На четвертом месяце наблюдений результаты лечения были признаны отличными у 22 больных (95-97 баллов), хорошими - у 23 больных (80-92 балла), удовлетворительными - у 10 больных (72 балла). Заключение. SERI-остеотомия при коррекции вальгусной деформации первого пальца стопы может быть предложена как одна из малоинвазивных и эффективных методик оперативного лечения и требует более внимательного дальнейшего изучения.
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We studied 34 severely injured open fractures of long bones, managed by Ilizarov external fixator in National Institute of Traumatology & Orthopaedic Rehabilitation, Pink unit-II (Ilizarov, Deformity Correction and Reconstruction Unit) Dhaka, Bangladesh. All the patients were selected according to inclusion criteria and through counseling the patients and his/her relative. Duration of study was 2 years. Average post-operative hospital stay was 10 days. Pin sites inflammation, pin loosening and pain at rest, swelling of leg and thigh were the commonest complications in our study. Average union time was 20 weeks and union rate was 100 %. Close adherences to Ilizarov principles make it now possible to successfully treat orthopedic conditions that previously were fraught with high morbidity rates and poor results.
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The first report on the simultaneous lengthening of the femur and compression of the non-healing zone with the use of the previously implanted intramedullary nail is presented. A 38-year-old man experienced a segmental hip fracture, developed a persistent atrophic non-infarction with a significant shortening of the segment. To correct the difference in limb length, elongation was performed in combination with compression of the rigid nonsense zone with the use of an intramedullary nail in situ and annular external fixation. This report describes for the first time the successful technique of bilocal compression of the zone of nonunion and lengthening of the femur on the nail to eliminate the consequences of fracture.
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Soft-tissue origin joint contractures treated with the Ilizarov fixation method
Статья научная
Introduction Soft-tissue origin joint contractures are a common orthopedic problem. It could be due to various etiologies. Treatment options are available from conservative to surgical methods. These joint contractures slowly become irreversible causing impairment in activities of daily routine. The Ilizarov method is a well established and time-tested method used for management of bone pathologies, but its use in the management of soft-tissue origin contractures is also possible. It has an established role in neoosteogenesis and histogenesis. Fixator assisted soft-tissue stretching done at sustained slow pace leads to histoneogenesis that avoids stretching of neurovascular structures and reduces the possibility of recurrence.Aims To determine usefulness of the Ilizarov method in management of joint contractures of soft tissue origin; to meet functional requirements of patients; to study complications of Ilizarov method in management joint contractures due to soft tissue origin.Material and methods A total of 6 cases of soft-tissue origin joint contractures due to tuberculosis, post-traumatic stiffness, post-burn contracture, deformity due to a snake bite in the age group from 3 to 55 years were treated with gradual distraction of joint with the Ilizarov method from January 22 to October 23. Two cases were of triple knee deformity, two were post-traumatic elbow stiffness, one was post-burn great toe contracture and one was post snake bite valgus foot contracture. All cases were operated with transarticular Ilizarov frame application and gradual distraction of joints and soft tissue with the help of hinge- and rod distractor assembly done. All cases completed follow up of 1 year. Aggressive physiotherapy was given postoperatively.Results All cases obtained a reasonable functional outcome, with no recurrence of deformity. All patients walk independently.Conclusion The Ilizarov method can be used for treating joint contractures due to traumatic and non-traumatic pathologies.
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Introduction Over the last decades numerous new materials and techniques for bone tissue engineering have been developed. The use of bioresorbable polymeric scaffolds is one of the most promising techniques for surgical management of bone defects. However, the lack of bioactive properties of biodegradable polymers restricts the area of their application for bone tissue engineering.The aim of study was to apply solvent/non-solvent treatment to coat the surface of 3D-printed bioresorbable poly(ε-caprolactone) scaffolds with bioactive hydroxyapatite particles and report on the physicochemical properties of the resulting materials.Material and Methods In the present study, biomimetic poly(ε-caprolactone) scaffolds were 3D-printed via fused deposition modeling technology and their surface was treated with the solvent/non-solvent method for coating with bioactive particles of hydroxyapatite.Results It has been found that treatment in the mixture of toluene and ethanol is suitable for the coating of poly(ε-caprolactone) scaffolds with hydroxyapatite. The scaffolds maintain porous structure after treatment while hydroxyapatite particles form homogeneous coating. The amount of hydroxyapatite on the treated scaffolds was 5.7 ± 0.8 wt. %.Discussion The proposed method ensures a homogeneous coating of outer and inner surfaces of the poly(ε-caprolactone) scaffolds with hydroxyapatite without a significant impact on the structure of a scaffold. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed that the solvent/non-solvent treatment has no effect on the chemical structure of PCL scaffolds.Conclusion Coating of biomimetic 3D-printed PCL scaffolds with bioactive hydroxyapatite by the solvent/non-solvent treatment has been successfully carried out. Upon coating, scaffolds retained their shape and interconnected porous structure and adsorbed hydroxyapatite particles that were uniformly distributed on the surface of the scaffold.
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Surgical roadmap for congenital cervical spine abnormalities
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Study Design A descriptive study based on medical records of patients with congenital cervical spine abnormalities. Objective The hypothesis of the study was that patients with congenital cervical spine abnormalities could be divided according to the main pathological syndrome. Summary of Background Data Abnormalities of the cervical spine belong to embryopathies and are a very heterogeneous group. The variety of this pathology made it hard to create a general classification based on a morphological approach. Materials Medical records of 68 patients with congenital cervical spine abnormalities were analyzed and were a clinical material for working out the algorithm of their management. Computer tomography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and selective angiography were used to specify the abnormality structure and preoperative planning. Use of functional positioning was an important feature in all these investigations. Various techniques of surgical treatment such as halo, anterior and posterior fusion, decompression of the cerebral, spinal cord and cervical vertebral arteries, revision of the spinal canal, neurolysis, and meningolysis were used in 28 patients aged from 2 to 47 years old. Results All patients were divided according to leading pathological syndromes. Those were instability, stenosis and brain ischemia. Each group had its own important subgroup. The main surgical steps in management of complex congenital anomalies of the cervical spine were bone fusion or (and) decompression of the brain and spinal cord. Conclusions Selection of the main pathological syndrome or combination of syndromes is a simple and effective way for making the right decision when treating patients with congenital cervical spine abnormalities. Syndromic approach can be used for prognosis as well.
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Technical points of Ilizarov external mini-fixator for the treatment of phalanx fractures
Статья научная
The Ilizarov external mini-fixator (IEMF) has become an effective tool for the treatment of acute and chronic hand and foot injuries and deformity correction due to its advantages of easy fixation, good holding power, and artful appearance. However, there are relatively few clinical reports on this technique. Materials and methods From June 2019 to March 2021, we preformed IEMF on 113 patients with open phalanx fractures as emergency surgery, and all patients had 3-6 months follow-up. Results All fractures achieved clinical healing. Among them, pin site infection occurred in 8 fractures (7.07 %), arthrolysis occurred after 6 fractures (5.3 %), and 4° rotation malunion occurred in 3 cases (2.65 %).
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Статья научная
Introduction Management of pediatric long bones fractures is a complex and rapidly evolving field. Traditionally, casting and conservative techniques played a key-role in the management of fractures in skeletally immature patients. However, the surgical approach has evolved steadily over the past four decades or so and increasing evidence has been published supporting the advantages of fixation techniques over conservative methods. The purpose of this narrative review is to outline how innovations in orthopedic surgery have changed the rationale of treating long bones fractures in children and adolescents with focus on surgical techniques, particularly elastic stable intramedullary nailing (ESIN). Material and methods We aimed to describe the main trends in pediatric long bones fractures management and to identify its specificities and difficulties as well as the best standard of care. Results The introduction of ESIN has profoundly influenced the management of pediatric upper and lower extremity fractures. Overall, in comparison to conservative techniques, advantages of ESIN include minimally invasiveness, short hospital stay, primary bone union, early mobilization and progressive weight bearing, and good outcome with low complication rate. Moreover, the flexible nail can be used as a closed reduction tool itself. Conclusions Irrespective of the technique performed, the key-concepts remain 1) the proper understanding of the injury to treat; 2) the identification the main characteristics of the patient; 3) the pros and cons of each technique; and 4) the potential complications.
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The analysis report of surgical treatment of limb deformity and disability: 35,075 cases
Статья научная
Objective To investigate the incidence characteristics and corrective strategies of various limb deformities treated by Qinsihe orthopaedic team in the past 40 years, so as to provide a large sample for understanding the causes, types and treatment methods of limb deformity and disability in China. Method A total of 35,075 cases were treated by Qinsihe orthopaedic team from May 1978 to December 2018. The age, gender, deformity characteristics, etiological and pathological composition, regional distribution and surgical methods of the patients were statistically analyzed. Results There were 20,458 males and 14,617 females. The age was 1 year to 82 years old, average 20.5 years. The majority of subjects were from 11 to 25 years old or 19,363 cases (63 %). There were 33,259 cases (94.82 %) of interventions on lower extremity. The geographical distribution of patients covers all the provinces, municipalities directly under the central government, autonomous regions in China and 12 foreign countries. There were 202 etiologies involving neurological, heredity, metabolism, traumatic sequelae, congenital, vascular, lymphoid, skin, endocrine, iatrogenic and so on. The top six deformities were due to poliomyelitis sequelae, cerebral palsy, traumatic sequelae, spondylolysis sequelae, genu varus&valgus, congenital talipes equinovarus. There were 280 kinds of surgical methods, the majority of which were Achilles tendon lengthening, supracondylar osteotomy, subtalar joint arthrodesis, tibiofibular osteotomy, metatarsal aponeurosis and Achilles tendon replacement of peroneal longus muscle, etc. 8,702 cases were treated by orthopedic surgery combined with external fixation, including the Ilizarov fixator in 3,696 cases and hybrid fixator in 5,006 cases. Conclusion Qinsihe orthopaedic database with a history of 40 years is the largest one of limb deformity and disability in China. It reflects the etiology, type, population characteristics, surgical methods and strategy of limb disability and deformity, which can be treated by orthopaedic surgery. The data is a great treasure for orthopaedics and disability medicine in China and worldwide, and its important academic value and historical significance need to be further excavated and deep studied in future.
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The understanding of Ilizarov’s biological principles is guiding clinical treatment. Ilizarov’s First Principle of Biology, Distraction Histogenesis, is a fundamental guidance for bone lengthening. The “Harbin Phenomenon” is an extension of “Transformation Histogenesis”, which was discovered by bone transport for bone defects treatment. It describes the transformation and regeneration capacities of scar tissues under slow and rhythmic distraction, and this transformation satisfies the morphological and functional requirements. This principle is a supplement to the first principle, and could be Ilizarov’s Second Principle of Biology. Together they form the basis to guide clinical bone transport treatment.
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Ilizarov’s tibial transverse transport (TTT) technique can promote vascular regeneration. It has been used in the treatment of a variety of lower limb ischemic diseases, such as thromboangiitis obliterans, diabetic foot ulcers, etc. Recently, several novel therapeutic effects have been discovered based on TTT treatment. For instance, in the treatment of thromboangiitis obliterans, an “Open Skylight Effect” was well defined in which the symptom of resting pain disappeared following tibial cortex osteotomy (Long Qu, 2001). During the treatment of bilateral diabetic foot gangrene, patients that received TTT treatment on the one side of the lower limb were observed to have a simultaneous healing of ulcers on both sides, which was termed as the “Summon Effect” (Qikai Hua, 2017). In 2019, we characterized the above discoveries as the “Twin Open Skylight and Summon Effects”. These findings will inspire more potential clinical applications of TTT technique.
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Introduction Nonunion or delayed union is a known postoperative complication in long bone fractures. Substance abuse may impair bone healing. In this paper, we investigated the effect of narcotics on healing time in femoral shaft transverse fractures and the effect of substance abuse and smoking on postoperative healing time. Material and methods This cohort study was conducted at the Orthopedic Clinic of Poursina Hospital, Rasht from 2017-2019. Patients with transverse fractures of the femoral shaft who underwent intramedullary rod insertion were followed for 6 months. Bone healing time based on substance abuse and smoking status was evaluated. Results There was a significant association between various groups (categorized based on cigarette smoking and using drugs) in terms of bone healing status (P = ы0.006). There was a statistically significant difference in healing status among the control group, smoker group, and addict and smoker group (P = 0.034 and P = 0.004, respectively). However, there was no statistically significant difference in healing status between control and addicts group (P = 0.517). Conclusions Treatment efficiency and performance in addicted and smoker patients are more unfavorable and hence which, in turn, requires more follow-up periods; therapies such as bone grafting and other methods are more frequently considered in addicted and smoker patients in case of lack of healing reaction. Therefore, prevention plans in high-risk groups can play a significant role in primary identification, treatment, and reducing the complications of fractures.
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