International Journal of Engineering and Manufacturing @ijem
Статьи журнала - International Journal of Engineering and Manufacturing
Все статьи: 538
Статья научная
Most digital forensic investigations involve images presented as evidence. One of the common problems of these investigations is to prove the image's originality or, as a matter of fact, its manipulation. One of the guaranteed approaches to prove image forgery is JPEG double compressions. Double compression happens if a JPEG image is manipulated and saved again. Thus, the binaries of the image will be changed based on a “previous” quantization table. This paper presents a practical approach to detecting manipulated images using double JPEG compression analysis, implemented in a newly developed software tool. The method relies on an adaptive database of quantization tables, which stores all possible tables and generates new ones based on varying quality factors of recognized tables. The detection process is conducted through image metadata extraction, allowing analysis without the need for the original non-manipulated image. The tool analyzes the suspected image using chrominance, and luminance quantization tables utilizing the jpegio Python library. The tool recognizes camera sources as well as the programs used for manipulating images with the related compression rate. The tool has demonstrated effectiveness in identifying image manipulation, providing a useful tool for digital forensic investigations. The tool identified 96% of modified images whereas the other 4% identified as false positives. The tool fixes the false positives by extracting the software information from the image metadata. With a rich sources database, forensic examiners can use the proposed tool to detect manipulated evidence images using the evidence image only.
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Four-dimensional Vector Matrix Determinant and Inverse
Статья научная
The theory of two-dimensional matrix has been popularized in multi-dimensional matrix. However applications of multi-dimensional matrix also bring space redundancy and time redundancy, we put forward a multi-dimensional vector matrix model. This is new series of study to define multidimensional vector matrix mathematics, including four-dimensional vector matrix determinant, four-dimensional vector matrix inverse and related properties. There is innovative concept of multi-dimensional vector matrix mathematics created by author with numerous applications in engineering, math, video conferencing, 3D TV, and other fields.
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Fully Automated Hydroponics System for Smart Farming
Статья научная
This project is focused on developing a Fully Automatic Hydroponics system which helps in monitoring and controlling temperature, Humidity, pH and EC in Hydroponics. Hydroponics is a method of growing crops without soil. Plants are grown in rows or on trellises, just like in a traditional garden, but they have their roots in water rather than in dirt. Although, there are different ways in which hydroponics can be implemented, there is no individual system which can measure and control pH and EC level of nutrient solution along with its surrounding temperature and humidity automatically. We use PIC16F877A microcontroller and four pumps, three of which are used to pump water, nutrient solution, pH solution and the fourth pump is used to control the humidity. A fan is used to control the temperature which increases its speed as the temperature increases. The pumps are turned on depending on the EC and pH values obtained from the electrodes. A passive LCD display is used to display variations in the values. Different Analysis like water usage, plant growth in comparison with regular farming method and hydroponics is successfully completed which results in hydroponics system is significant method in comparison with soiled cultivation method in terms of yield and water usage. This project is expected to produce high yield crops by taking minimal space, makes work easier for farmers in growing of plants, and also consumes less amount of water when compared to traditional method resulting in conservation of water.
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Fuzzy Based Enhanced Smart Rest Room Automated Faucet System
Статья научная
Existing smart rest room automated faucet systems operate on traditional control theory, with absolute control value, irrespective of its degree of accuracy. For example, a hands-free hand wash basin may be programmed to release water when an object is about 2cm close to the infrared sensor. This absolute control value has pitfalls such as, ascertaining the quantity of water required for each operation, without activating the water flow switch to release water at maximum rate, leading to wastage of water resources. In order to develop an efficient and accurate smart rest room automated faucet system that will release water at an approximate quantity as required for varying condition, this research paper delves into employing a data-centric model for understanding and designing a smart rest room automated faucet system, that is more accurate in operation and properly utilizes water resources. To achieve this goal, we first designed a fuzzy model using MATLAB, for the proposed smart rest room automated faucet system, and then implemented the model on embedded atmel328 microcontroller, interfaced with an infrared obstacle sensor and an electronic flow control switch to automate rest room faucet activities. In order to understand and improve its operation, data logged from the system infrared sensor for 3cm distance, was mined for proper understanding of the system operational accuracy. During which the result indicated proper water utilization at various rate of water dispensation, as a function the nearness of the object to the sensor. This supports the improvement promised by the proposed system, when adopted in existing smart rest room automated faucet systems design and re-design.
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Gas Leakage Detector and Monitoring System
Статья научная
Leakage of gas is a major issue in the industrial sector, residential buildings, and gas-powered vehicles, one of the preventive methods to stop accidents associated with gas leakage is to install gas leakage detection devices. The focus of this work is to propose a device that can detect gas leakage and alert the owners to avert problems due to gas leakages. The system is based on a microcontroller that employs a gas sensor as well as a GSM module, an LCD display, and a buzzer. The system was designed for gas leakage monitoring and alerts with SMS via an Arduino microcontroller with a buzzer and an MQ2 gas sensor. The circuit contains a Microcontroller MQ2 gas sensor, buzzer, LCD display, and GSM module, when the sensor detects gas leakage it transmit the information to the Microcontroller while the microcontroller makes a decision and then forwarded a warning message to the user as SMS to a mobile phone for decision to be taken accordingly. The output of this research will be significant in averting problems associated with gas leakages now and in future.
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Gender Classification Optimization with Thermal Images Using Advanced Neural Networks
Статья научная
In this study, we investigate the effectiveness of deep learning models with thermal images for gender categorization. In order to explore the possibilities of thermal imaging as a tool for gender identification, the study focuses on two sophisticated convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures: InceptionV3 and AlexNet. Thermal imaging is a powerful substitute for traditional visual data because it provides distinct physiological insights.A collection of thermal imaging datasets was assembled, methodically preprocessed, and divided into training and testing sets. For this comparison analysis, two well-known CNNs AlexNet, a fundamental model recognised for its straightforward yet efficient design, and InceptionV3, a complex model acclaimed for its inception modules were chosen. The training subset was used to carefully refine both models so they could accurately capture the subtleties of thermal-based gender traits.Accuracy was the main criterion used to assess the performance of the revised models on the testing subset. According to our results, InceptionV3 performs noticeably better than AlexNet, with an accuracy of 92.3% as opposed to 82.6% for AlexNet. This disparity in performance demonstrates how much better InceptionV3 is at identifying and deciphering minute thermal patterns and physiological indicators that are essential for precise gender categorization. This study highlights how sophisticated CNN architectures may improve gender categorization using thermal images, both in terms of accuracy and dependability. We provide a path for future research to investigate more intricate and integrated strategies, like multi-modal fusion and sophisticated feature extraction techniques, to further enhance the resilience of thermal-based gender classification systems by proving the efficacy of InceptionV3 over a more conventional model like AlexNet.
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Generation of Images from Text Using AI
Статья научная
Reading the words can be confusing, and it may be hard to picture what is happening. There are some circumstances where words can be misunderstood. It's much simpler to recognize text if it's displayed as an image. The use of visuals is proven to increase viewership and retention. Synthesizing realistic images automatically is a challenging undertaking, and even the most advanced artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithm has trouble meeting this standard. GANs (Generative Adversarial Networks) are just one example of a powerful neural network architecture that has shown promising results in recent years. Existing text-to-image methods can generate examples that generally reflect the meaning of the provided descriptions, but they often lack the necessary details and colorful object elements. The primary objective of our research was to explore diverse architectural methodologies with the intention of facilitating the generation of visual representations from textual descriptions. By delving into this investigation, we aimed to discover and examine various approaches that could effectively support the creation of visuals that accurately depict the content and context provided within written narratives. Our aim was to unlock new possibilities in the realm of visual storytelling by establishing a strong connection between language and imagery through innovative architectural techniques.
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Government Expenditures, Transfer Payments and Economic Growth
Статья научная
Incorporating a two-level government structure into an endogenous growth model, we distinguished between productive and non-productive government expenditures. With transfer payments considered, we showed that (1) there was an “Inverted U-shaped” relationship between the tax rate and the long-run economic growth, so was the relationship between the degree of fiscal decentralization and the long-run economic growth; (2) optimal ratios between productive and non-productive expenditures of two levels of governments, between transfer payments and other parts of expenditures of the state-level governments are needed to maximize the long-run economic growth.
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Статья научная
The basic difference between a sustainable aesthetically positive urban environment and an aesthetically negative one is in the way its component installations are rendered. The aesthetic positivity (AP) or aesthetic negativity (AN) of the whole is dependent on the aesthetics of the little parts that constitute it. Although may be functional, many electrical installations in Nigeria still lack considerable aesthetics mostly due to lack or laxity in the knowledge or practical application of basic design theories and principles. This study therefore examined how the application of design principles and theories used in graphic design can apply in electrical and design installations as a way of fostering a more aesthetic, yet functional and sustainable environments in developing West African countries using aesthetics as a key driver. Adopting a descriptive approach supported with direct observation, with a sample size of 320, respondents were purposively sampled in selected cities in Nigeria. The study showed a significant relationship between the application of graphic design theories and improved environmental aesthetics through the rendering of attractive-functional electrical/design installations. It also revealed that improved aesthetics of electrical/design installations limits negative interference which improves sustainability/safety in the built environment, hence serving as an abatement tool or technology for the alleviation of AN. This study therefore established the significance of the application of design theories and principles in achieving a more aesthetic, functional and sustainable environment, from the professionals’/ practitioners’ perspective.
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Green Functions for Sub-Laplacian on Half Spaces of the Heisenberg Group
Статья научная
Green functions for sub-Laplacian on the domains in the Heisenberg group are derived, which can be used to solve partial differential equations subject to specific initial conditions or boundary conditions. Then the integral formulas for sub-Laplace equation on characteristic and non-characteristic half spaces are given, respectively.
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Guiding Aid for Visually Impaired
Статья научная
Visual impairment is where the person either can’t see or his vision has weakened to large extent. There is no alternative technique for visually impairment, but to some extent it can be trim down with devices, smart sticks and sensors. Although many techniques are there for helping out through electronic travelling aid, cost effective and minimum hardware solution was the expectation by impaired. The device which can identify and classify the object ahead of impaired person is needed so that person can be prevented from the accident. In this paper, a unified model of YOLO (You Only Look Once) is used for detection of object ahead of camera. The proposed model is based on phenomena of detecting small object and good detection speed of yolov3 makes system more robust. Once detected, labeled objects name is converted from text to speech, so that blind person can be alerted from colliding with obstacles. This paper is one step in the direction to help them by exactly classifying, detecting and localizing target object along with providing voice based guideline. The proposed model has proved accuracy in many real time scenes.
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HKCHB: Meta-heuristic Algorithm for Task Scheduling and Load Balancing in Cloud-fog Computing
Статья научная
Cloud-fog computing has emerged as the contemporary approach for processing and analyzing Internet of Things applications due to its ability to offer remote resources. Cloud fog computing technology provides shared resources, information, and software packages, supporting distributed parallel systems in an open environment. It constructs and manages virtual machines to enhance efficiency and attractiveness. We have consistently strived to tackle challenges affecting the efficiency of cloud fog computing, including ineffective resource utilization and response times. The improvement of these challenges can be achieved through effective task scheduling and load balancing between Virtual Machines, this problem considered as NP-hard problem. This paper proposes a Hybrid K-means Clustering Honey Bee algorithm (HKCHB) to cluster Virtual Machines into two or more clusters. Subsequently, the hybrid Honey Bee algorithm is employed for task scheduling, enhancing load balance performance. The proposed algorithm is compared with other task scheduling and load balancing algorithms, including Round Robin, Ant Colony, Honey Bee, and Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm, utilizing the CloudSim Simulator. The results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed algorithm, yielding the lowest response time. Specifically, the response time is reduced by 22.1%, and processing time is reduced by 47.9%, while throughput is increased by 95.4%. These improvements are observed under the assumption of multiple tasks in a heterogeneous environment, utilizing one or two Data Centers with Virtual Machines. This contribution gives the impression that network systems based on the Internet of Things and cloud fog computing will be improved in the future to operate within the framework of real-time systems with high efficiency.
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Hand Arm Vibration Alleviation of Motorcycle Handlebar using Particle Damper
Статья научная
Vibration induced in the vehicle affects the performance of the driver or rider because of reduction in comfort & safety level. In case of motorcycle, poor suspensions system & uneven road condition make driving difficult, these also introduces vibration. The vibrations are directly transferred to the body through the seat & handlebar. It has been seen that handlebar vibrations are more serious & creates physical problem to the rider. Particle damping technology is a derivative of impact damping with several advantages. Particle damping is the use of particles moving freely in a cavity to produce a damping effect. In this paper a passive damper using particle damping technique is designed and developed to reduce the hand arm vibrations (HAV). The experiments are planned and conducted using DOE. Optimum configuration of particle damper has been derived through this research work. Experimental tests shows by employing a particle damper the vibration amplitude is minimized significantly.
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Статья научная
The World is moving toward Smart traffic management and monitoring technologies. Vehicle detection and classification are the two important features of intelligent transportation system. Several algorithms for detection of vehicles such as Sobel, Prewitt, and Robert etc. but due to their less accuracy and sensitivity to noise they could not detect vehicles clearly. In this paper, a simple and rapid prototyping approach for vehicle detection and classification using MATLAB Xilinx system generator and Zedboard is presented. The Simulink model of vehicle detection and classification is designed using a complex canny edge detection algorithm for vehicle detection. The canny edge detection algorithm offers 91% accuracy as compared to its counterpart Sobel and Perwitt algorithms that offer 79.4% and 76.1% accuracy. The feature vector approach is used for vehicle classification. The proposed model is simulated and validated in MATLAB. The Canny edge detection and feature vector algorithms for vehicle detection and classification are synthesized through the Xilinx system generator in Zedboard. The proposed design is validated with the existing works. The implementation results reveal that the proposed system for vehicle detection and classification takes only 8 ns of execution time with a 128MHz clock, which is the lowest and optimum calculation period for the smart city.
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Hash Function Construction Based on RBFNN and Chaotic Mapping
Статья научная
One-way Hash function is not only widely used in the aspects of the digital signature, identity authentication and integrity checking, etc. but also the research hotspot in the field of contemporary cryptography. In this paper, it firstly utilized neural network and practiced the chaotic sequences produced by one-dimensional nonlinear mapping. And then, it constructed Hash function with cipherkey by means of altering sequences. One of the advantages of this algorithm is that neural network hides the chaotic mapping relations and make it difficult to obtain mapping directly. Simulation experiment showed that the algorithm have good unidirectionality and weak collision, and stronger confidentiality than the tradition-based Hash function, as well as easy to achieve.
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Healthcare System Technology using Smart Phones and Web Apps (Case Study Iraqi Environment)
Статья научная
In the Past a Few Years, smart devices like smart phones and tablets have radically change in many aspect, started from Entertainment to Shopping services to transfer Money and Banking, the next is Health Services. With the development in information technology And the big development in cloud computing Here smart phones have entered heavily in all aspects of health care. Now with the revolution of the smart devices (smart phones or tablets) and it's applications, there is many applications and tools are available started from attachments that allow to diagnose an infections and Now remotely and continuously monitor each heartbeat , blood pressure readings, the rate and depth of breathing, body temperature, oxygen concentration in the blood, glucose, brain waves, activity, mood, so the end result will be can reduce using of doctor ,also reduce the cost , and give us speed up and give power to patients , so make it possible for Patient to use portable devices (smart phones or tablet) to access their medical information, and achieve the goal to put information technology to work in health care and make the integration of health information technology into primary care .So the using information technology give us the good solution that won’t replace physicians. Health Information technology give the providers of health care to give better manage patient care. By making the health information are available electronically anytime and anywhere is needed, Health Information technology can help us to improve the quality Of Health , so can decrease the cost. Now, after all these advantages should shed light on the side of personal privacy And Hacking side that must have been tested all application and tools, All of these tools must be accurate and needs to be tested. So that must provide the highest level of security and privacy for the patients. After that. The application does not arrive the goal with 100% percent, according to the limitation that mentioned later.
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Heterostructure Silicon and Germanium Alloy Based Thin Film Solar Cell Efficiency Analysis
Статья научная
Thin film solar cell along with enhanced absorption property will be the best, so combination of SiGe alloy is considered. The paper presented here consists of a numerical model of Si/Si1−xGex heterojunction solar cell. The addition of Ge content to Si layer will affect the property of material. The research has investigated characteristics such as short circuit current density (Jsc), generation rate G , absorption coefficient (α), and open circuit voltage (Voc), power, fill factor (FF) with optimal Ge concentration. The speculative determination of appropriate germanium mole fraction is done to get the maximized thin-film solar cell efficiency.
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High Accuracy Swin Transformers for Image-based Wafer Map Defect Detection
Статья научная
A wafer map depicts the location of each die on the wafer and indicates whether it is a Product, Secondary Silicon, or Reject. Detecting defects in Wafer Maps is crucial in order to ensure the integrity of the chips processed in the wafer, as any defect can cause anomalies thus decreasing the overall yield. With the current advances in anomaly detection using various Computer Vision Techniques, Transformer Architecture based Vision models are a prime candidate for identifying wafer defects. In this paper, the performance of Four such Transformer based models – BEiT (BERT Pre-Training of Image Transformers), FNet (Fourier Network), ViT (Vision Transformer) and Swin Transformer (Shifted Window based Transformer) in wafer map defect classification are discussed. Each of these models were individually trained, tested and evaluated with the “MixedWM38” dataset obtained from the online platform, Kaggle. During evaluation, it has been observed that the overall accuracy of the Swin Transformer Network algorithm is the highest, at 97.47%, followed closely by Vision Transformer at 96.77%. The average Recall of Swin Transformer is also 97.54%, which indicates an extremely low encounter of false negatives (24600 ppm) in contrast to true positives, making it less likely to expose defective products in the market.
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Home Occupancy Classification Using Machine Learning Techniques along with Feature Selection
Статья научная
Monitoring systems for electrical appliances have gained massive popularity nowadays. These frameworks can provide consumers with helpful information for energy consumption. Non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM) is the most common method for monitoring a household’s energy profile. This research presents an optimized approach for identifying load needs and improving the identification of NILM occupancy surveillance. Our study suggested implementing a dimensionality reduction algorithm, popularly known as genetic algorithm (GA) along with XGBoost, for optimized occupancy monitoring. This exclusive model can masterly anticipate the usage of appliances with a significantly reduced number of voltage-current characteristics. The proposed NILM approach pre-processed the collected data and validated the anticipation performance by comparing the outcomes with the raw dataset’s performance metrics. While reducing dimensionality from 480 to 238 features, our GA-based NILM approach accomplished the same performance score in terms of accuracy (73%), recall (81%), ROC-AUC Score (0.81), and PR-AUC Score (0.81) like the original dataset. This study demonstrates that introducing GA in NILM techniques can contribute remarkably to reduce computational complexity without compromising performance.
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Hotspot sequence patterns with an improvement in spatial feature
Статья научная
Forest fires in Sumatra and Kalimantan resulted in degradation of peatlands significantly. The strong indicator of forest and land fires including in peatland can be identified using hotspots which occurred consecutively in 2 to 5 days. The previous studies have been conducted in mining sequence patterns on hotspot datasets in Sumatra and Kalimantan. However, those studies applied the sequential pattern algorithms on the datasets containing temporal and rough spatial features. This study aims to generate sequence pattern of hotspot datasets using the SPADE algorithm with the improvement of the spatial feature. The study results in 892 1-frequent sequences and 28 2-frequent sequence patterns at the minimum support of 0.02%. A total of 484 hotspots were found from the 28 2-frequents sequence patterns, most of which were occurred in September to November 2014 and 2015. Central Kalimantan, Riau, and South Sumatra are the area where hotspots mostly occurred in 2014 and 2015. The visualization module for hotspot sequences was successfully developed in two iterations using the JavaScript.
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