International Journal of Wireless and Microwave Technologies @ijwmt
Статьи журнала - International Journal of Wireless and Microwave Technologies
Все статьи: 568
UWB Circular Fan-Shaped Monopole Patch Antenna
Статья научная
In this paper, a fan-shaped ultra- wideband (UWB) microstrip patch antenna is re- ported. The antenna is designed, simulated, fab- ricated, and tested. The antenna operates over a 3.1 GHz – 6 GHz for Wireless Capsule Endoscopy (WCE) applications with VSWR less than 2 and return loss is lower than -10 dB. The antenna is a monopole circular structure with radius of 10.2 mm and ground plane dimension 24 x 16 mm (“Lg x Wg”) is designed on substrate FR4. The impedance matching and radiation characteristics of the designed structure are investigated. The pro- posed antenna with small size and different ground structure is considered to reduce the surface wave and to achieves high impedance bandwidth and good gain performance for ultra-wide band (UWB) range with specific absorption rate (SAR) 1.126 W/kg for 10 g of tissue.
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Variation of surface refractivity with soil permittivity and leaf wetness in a tropical location
Статья научная
Radio signal transmitting above the ground surface experiences attenuation as a result of absorption by vegetation and hydrometeors, refraction due to turbulence in weather parameters; and reflection from ground surface. In this study, attempt was made to compute surface refractivity from its constituent parameters, and investigate its variation with leaf wetness and soil permittivity, at seven (7) different stations across Ondo state, Nigeria. Data for the research were obtained by in-situ measurement using Davis 3125 Vantage Pro2 weather station having sensors for measuring temperature, pressure, relative humidity, leaf wetness and soil moisture content. Measurement was carried out round the clock at 10 minutes integration time for a period of two weeks at each of the study locations, and for each of rainy and dry seasons. The soil moisture content was obtained at 30cm soil depth while leaf wetness was measured by attaching its sensor directly to a projected leaf-branch; and surface refractivity was computed from pressure, temperature and humidity data. Correlation analysis was employed to measure the strength and direction of the relationship between surface refractivity and each of soil permittivity and leaf wetness. Across the locations, R ranges from 0.38 to 0.9; and 0.04 to 0.7 for rainy and dry season respectively. The value of R is statistically significant at all the stations during the rainy season and majority of the stations during the dry season; signifying that surface refractivity exhibits good spatial and temporal relationship with soil permittivity and leaf wetness across the stations albeit with varying intensities.
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Varying Pause Time Effect on AODV, DSR and DSDV Performance
Статья научная
A mobile ad hoc network is a collection of wireless nodes without any fixed structure and connected with each other through wireless links. MANETs have self-organized topology in which mobile nodes are free to move, as a result establishing a stable and reliable network is a difficult and critical task. Nodes in Nobile Ad-hoc network acts as sender, receiver and router for communicating data and control packets. Using NS-2 simulator Performance of AODV, DSDV and DSR is analyzed under varying pause time in this paper. Performance of these routing protocols are analyzed on the base of following performance metrics: packet delivery ratio, average end to end delay, throughput, no of sent packets, no of receive packets, no of routing packets, normalized routing load and no of dropped packets under variant Pause time. Results of Comparison analysis of Routing Protocols are generated with the help of Simulation in the form of graphs. The simulation result shows the significance of each protocol in different situations. We believe that this study will provide comprehensive comparative study of AODV, DSR and DSDV based on varying pause time at one place, which will help the researcher to further investigate any particular metrics value of particular protocol.
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Статья научная
We all know that during pandemic like corona or generally in hospitals, the front-line workers such as doctors, nurses, compounder in hospitals are nearest to the patients. They all need to look after the patients without caring about themselves and hence doctors, nurses, workers have a high chance of getting contacted to the disease. And few of the medical personnel fearing for the disease and their health, they are not ready to work in the hospital. Hence to tackle this problem we have come up with a solution i.e., Virobot- The artificial nurse. The result of this project is a robot that is designed to act as a medical assistant robot which can be controlled by nurses or doctors from a distance using their smart phone or it can just use autonomous navigation to reach the patients and give them required medicines, monitor patients health and stream all the patient information wirelessly through the internet to your palm(mobile). And, it has built-in UV sterilizer lights, which sterilizes the hospital wherever it travels. Not only it can carry lightweight packages and sterilize the hospital, It can be used as a telecommunication robot ad establish communication between doctor and patient since it is a built-in FPV camera and a Bluetooth speaker. The best thing is all these features are connected to the internet hence the doctor can get data from the robot from anywhere around the world.
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Wi-Fi Attacks by Exploiting ARP and DNS Vulnerabilities: A Security Study
Статья научная
This research aims to evaluate the security risks associated with open wireless networks, especially Man-in-the-Middle (MITM) attacks that exploit the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) and Domain Name System (DNS). The penetration testing process was conducted by creating a secure and controlled laboratory and using a set of tools available in Kali Linux to demonstrate how attackers can exploit these vulnerabilities to gain unauthorized access to victims' devices, steal their sensitive data, and control their devices remotely The research focused on analyzing the effectiveness of social engineering (phishing) attacks under MITM attacks, where a fake web page was created to trick victims into entering their personal data and another web page was created to try to trick victims into downloading malware consisting of an attack payload that aims to create a Reverse Transmission-Control-Protocol (TCP) shell that enables the hacker to explore the target device and execute code using the Metasploit framework. The research results showed the effectiveness of combining ARP and DNS spoofing with phishing attacks and malware injection attacks. The results also showed that open wireless networks are highly vulnerable to attacks and that end users are the weakest link in the security chain. The research also emphasizes the need to develop more effective security solutions to protect core protocols such as ARP and DNS.
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Статья научная
This paper proposes a novel approach to emulate an arbitrary wireless multi-hop network scenario in a fixed wireless test-bed, in which every node is equipped with a variable attenuator. We take notice of the interval equivalent character of wireless communication and consider the wireless multi-hop scenario emulation problem as an interval equivalent emulation problem. We define the generalized error, which is an error of a value relative to an interval, formulate the MinGenMax (Minimize Generalized Maximum) error problem and propose an optimum algorithm.
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ZBLE: zone based leader selection energy constrained AOMDV routing protocol
Статья научная
In today's life, wireless networks (WNs) are being used very fast in every area. Wireless networks have been used in various applications, but finding some of its weaknesses, such as mobility, diversity, lack of resources and so on, finding an optimum route is very complex and problematic. By reducing the energy consumption on each node, the quality of the network can be ensured. Need to increase the battery life of the node to increase the network lifecycle. Therefore, reducing the energy consumption can extend the battery life of the node. To find and maintain routes between nodes, multi-path routing is a fundamental research issue for such networks. This paper discusses the zone-based routing protocol, which uses the energy, distance and power of the node to maintain high circulation and accelerate the path search process and maintain high search. The Zone-based Leader Selection Routing Protocol (ZBLE) is one of the new protocols, which is a modified form of the famous Ad Hoc on Demand Distance Vector Routing Protocol (AOMDV). Zone Leader Node and Zone Members are selected using the value of energy, position and power of the node. The performance of the proposed communication protocol is evaluated with other existing protocols such as AODV and AOMDV. The simulation result is that when it receives the best path for data communication with proper energy conservation. Network simulator version 2.35 is used for simulation purpose. To support our ideas, we used the 5 quality of service parameters such as packet distribution ratio, energy consumption, network lifetime, and throughput.
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ZBLE: zone based leader selection protocol
Статья научная
Various wireless mobile nodes are simultaneously a network that does not depend on any central administration system. This kind of network is called Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET). Due to the nodes dependent on the battery in MANET, energy consumption has become a major problem. Because of the mobility of the nodes in the network, the nodes rapidly change their positions, causing the battery to end very quickly, thereby reducing the life of such a network. The main objective of this paper is to reduce energy consumption and increase the life of the network by modifying the AOMDV protocol using zone-based technology. Keeping this objective in mind, a zone-based protocol was developed which has been addressed in the name of Zone Based Leader Selection Protocol (ZBLE). This proposed protocol uses zone-based technology to select the path based on high energy and high power. For the data forward, selecting the Leader node in each zone, the best path is chosen based on the energy level of the node and the strength of the probe. The proposed protocol has been evaluated using Network Simulator version 2.35. Comparison of ZBLE, protocols the most popular protocols are from AODV and AOMDV. With the help of simulation results, we have used service parameters such as packet distribution ratio, energy consumption, network lifetime and throughput to tell the quality of the proposed protocol.
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