International Journal of Wireless and Microwave Technologies @ijwmt
Статьи журнала - International Journal of Wireless and Microwave Technologies
Все статьи: 622
Статья научная
Wireless body area networks (WBANs) are employed to monitor and collect physiological data using wearable and implantable sensor nodes for remote medical applications. Due to the sensitive nature of the data transmitted over open wireless channels, robust security measures are critical. WBANs are particularly susceptible to threats such as eavesdropping, man-in-the-middle attacks, node capture, and replay attacks. Moreover, the constrained nature of sensor nodes and duplicate occurrence of keys makes it challenging for cryptographic key management protocols to function efficiently without increasing the computational and storage overhead of the security protocol. This work proposes a secure and efficient key management protocol designed for key establishment, revocation, and renewal of compromised keys in WBANs. The protocol leverages elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) and integrates a keychain hash function mechanism to eliminate the reuse of keys and execute key computations efficiently. Furthermore, it utilizes an authentication method based on authentication tables, which reduces the number of messages exchanged and minimizes computational overhead. To guarantee the protocol's robustness, a formal validation using BAN logic was conducted, validating that the protocol meets key security requirements, which include, confidentiality, integrity, and authentication. An informal security analysis further demonstrates the protocol's resilience against impersonation, eavesdropping, man-in-the-middle, replay, and injection attacks. A performance evaluation of the protocol’s computational and storage costs was also carried out. The results show that while our protocol incurs lower computational costs compared to some related works, it exhibits slightly higher costs compared to others. In terms of storage overhead, our protocol outperforms most existing solutions. Future work will focus on optimizing the protocol and exploring further efficiency improvements in its implementation within a WBAN testbed.
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Securevault: Multi-Layered Infosec Integration
Статья научная
Currently, valuable information requires security because cyber threats have escalated. The CIA Triad is one of the core concepts in information security which defines three main objectives of any security program: Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability. Each component of the triad covers a different aspect to ensure proper protection and management of information. Confidentiality ensures that sensitive details are only obtained by authorized personnel or corporations. Maintaining integrity involves ensuring data accuracy and reliability by preventing unauthorized changes. Availability guarantees that information and related systems can be used as needed. This paper presents an innovative hybrid form of security system aiming at selecting the best cryptographic and steganographic techniques. Additionally, the Huffman encoding scheme is employed to increase the embedding capacity of the proposed mechanism. Thus, cryptography and steganography are taken as measures in the field of communication and information security. Cryptography and steganography are two different but connected areas within the broader information security domain. Both methods share some common features in securing information although they differ in their functions and performance characteristics. In this paper, an integrated method that combines Cryptography, compression, steganography, and the InterPlanetary File System has been presented as a basis for information security. Consequently, this system is implemented by using a Python Tkinter module that makes it possible to be used in real-life situations without much difficulty. This application enables its users to encrypt messages, compress them, and hide them inside other files like they were of no significance at all. The interface design ensures that users can move around different functions easily without demanding technological expertise or knowledge. A flexible framework is offered through which sensitive data can be secured against various digital landscapes subjecting to current threats in data security. In general, this paper demonstrates how cryptography, compression, LSB steganography, and IPFS may be combined thus showing the practicality and benefits of such a unified approach for safeguarding valuable digital records. The novelty of this work lies in the unified implementation of ECC-based key exchange, AES-GCM encryption, Huffman compression, LSB steganography, and IPFS decentralized storage in a real-world deployable GUI framework. Unlike prior studies that address these methods separately, this system integrates them into a streamlined pipeline that enhances embedding efficiency, encryption robustness, and secure data retrieval over decentralized platforms. The holistic approach and practical usability make it distinct from existing security models. In general, this paper demonstrates how cryptography, compression, LSB steganography, and IPFS may be combined, thus showing the practicality and benefits of such a unified approach for safeguarding valuable digital records.
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Securing DSR for Mobile Ad hoc Network with Message Digest Algorithm
Статья научная
Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are very useful in various scenarios where there is need of fast deployment of the network and expensive set up is not required. With these benefits, there are some issues related to these networks. One of these issues is of secure communication. Malicious nodes can easily attack existing routing protocols for MANETs like DSR. In this paper we have proposed a modification of DSR by using message digest. The proposed work produces better results in terms of different metrics when compared with the results of DSR. When a route is set up between the two communicating mobile nodes, the data is sent through a secure key which is not impossible for the intruder nodes to intercept. This halts intrusion in the network. A message digest is created of the data packets.
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Securing Drone Communications: A Vulnerability Analysis of MAVLink
Статья научная
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are increasingly being integrated into a wide range of industries and ap- plications, including but not limited to surveillance, logistics, environmental monitoring, infrastructure inspection, and disaster management. The growing deployment of UAVs in both civilian and defence sectors highlights their versatil- ity and operational efficiency. However, one of the core enablers of UAV functionality is their dependence on wireless communication systems and network protocols to facilitate control, telemetry, and coordination with ground control sta- tions or other UAVs. This reliance on open and often unsecured communication channels exposes UAVs to a variety of significant security threats. This paper focuses on performing a comprehensive vulnerability analysis of the MAVLink protocol, which is currently the most extensively adopted communication protocol for UAVs. We analyse key security weaknesses inherent in the MAVLink protocol’s design, as well as additional vulnerabilities that may arise from specific implementations of the protocol. These vulnerabilities can enable a wide range of potential attacks, including spoofing, message injection, replay attacks, and unauthorised access. In addition, we assess the effectiveness of existing security mechanisms that have been proposed or implemented, such as encryption techniques, authentication frameworks, and intrusion detection systems. By systematically highlighting these vulnerabilities and their real-world implications, this study aims to offer meaningful insights into improving MAVLink protocol security and fostering more resilient and secure UAV communication systems.
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Securing Musical Streams: Leveraging ElGamal Encryption in REST API Frameworks for PWAs
Статья научная
Subscription music platforms, like many web applications, increasingly rely on Progressive Web Apps (PWAs) to enhance user experience. These PWAs function by exchanging data with servers or REST APIs. However, the current reliance on REST APIs poses significant security risks due to vulnerabilities in data transmission. To address this issue, this research integrates the El Gamal cryptographic algorithm into the architecture of a subscription music platform. By incorporating the El Gamal cryptographic algorithm, this research endeavors to fortify the security posture of data exchanged between users and servers through REST APIs. This encryption method was selected for its robust resistance to various cryptographic attacks, providing a strong defense against unauthorized interception and tampering of sensitive information. To evaluate the efficacy of the El Gamal integration, a rigorous white box testing regimen was employed, encompassing metrics such as cyclomatic complexity and basic path testing. These assessments comprehensively examined the code's structure and execution to identify potential vulnerabilities and ensure the correct implementation of the cryptographic algorithm. The findings of the white box testing unequivocally demonstrated the successful integration of El Gamal cryptography on both the client and server components of the subscription music platform, effectively safeguarding the confidentiality and integrity of data transmitted via REST APIs. This research contributes to the advancement of secure communication protocols within web applications, particularly subscription-based platforms. Through the implementation of robust encryption, the study enhances data integrity and confidentiality, ultimately building user trust.
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Securing Peer-to-Peer Distributions with Trusted Platform Modules
Статья научная
We present a novel solution that allows one platform to securely distribute or redistribute digital contents to another in P2P networks. The solution is based on platforms with Trusted Platform Modules (TPMs). It maintains the confidentiality and freshness of digital contents during the processes of distribution. Given an ideal (tamper-proof) trusted platform, the solution can even withstand attacks by dishonest users during the processes of usage. Moreover, it can also be used to redistribute n-time-use digital content offline, so it is more flexible and scalable than other related distribution solutions to enable widespread deployment. Lastly, by adding a few simple features to TPMs, our solution can easily prevent the malicious sender and receiver from colluding when the redistribution takes place, so we can ensure that they can not gain more than a previously defined amount of rights without contacting the content provider.
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Статья научная
Vehicular Ad hoc Network could manage the various critical issues of road transport. That is why it is the most crucial field of research for most of the researchers. This survey paper discusses various issues related to Security Challenges, Security Architecture actors, Security Authentication, Application Constraints, various trust models etc. this paper encourages you to think about various fields of work need to be carried out in this field for the better VANET environment. Various schemes have been mentioned which could be improved further as per considering various real time conditions.
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Selecting the COTS Components Using Ad-hoc Approach
Статья научная
This paper presents the current scenario of our software industry which is deploying CBSE approach to construct high quality deliverable software products at shorter time to market. As both Vendor-specific and OSS COTS components are equally popular now-a-days. Hence, the availability of a wide range of COTS components in market is quite high. To select the best suitable candidate among the various available components, various formal methods and techniques like OTSO have been introduced by researchers. In this paper, COTS based software development & SDLC under CBSE tradition are discussed. Along with this discussion, it uncovers the fact that our software developers are applying Ad-hoc techniques as per their taste for making the selection of the most appropriate components for their projects rather than following the formal methods. Through this paper, various possible reasons behind the ‘Not-so-In-Use’ nature of these formal methods are being reported.
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Signal Strength Variation and Propagation Profiles of UHF Radio Wave Channel in Ondo State, Nigeria
Статья научная
This study investigated the received signal strength and the propagation profiles for UHF channel 23, broadcast signal in Ondo State, Nigeria, at various elevation levels. The signal strength was measured quantitatively across the state along several routes with the aid of a digital field strength meter. A global positioning system (GPS) receiver was used to determine the elevation above ground level, the geographic coordinates and the line of sight of the various data points from the base station. Data obtained were used to plot the elevation and propagation profiles of the signal along measurement's routes. Results showed that the signal strength was strongest towards the northern parts with respect to distance compared to other routes with the same distance contrary to inverse square law. The threshold signal level for the station was 20dBµV which was recorded up to 50km line of sight from the transmitter towards the northern parts of the state where higher levels of elevation of data locations were recorded and 42km towards the southern parts with lower values of elevation. The propagation profiles for all the routes follow the elevation pattern of the study areas, with some farther locations recording higher signal strength compared to closer locations to the transmitter contrary to theoretical expectation. The overall results show that elevation above ground level is a key factor to be considered for UHF transmission and reception (location of transmitters, transmitting antenna's height, directivity and gain. Others are, transmitter output power, receiving antenna's height and gain) in the study areas.
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Simulation Design of AOS Cross Layer Transmission
Статья научная
In this paper, the AOS effective throughput rate is analyzed firstly. Then, in order to improve the effective throughput rate, a scheme of AOS cross layer transmission system is presented. In the proposed scheme, based on the space channel state, the dynamic optimization parameters of AOS Space Date Link Protocol sublayer and AOS Sync and Channel Coding sublayer are selected. Then the switch thresholds are presented. Finally, the effective throughput rate of the proposed AOS cross layer transmission system is simulated. Simulations show that the throughput rate can be optimized effectively.
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Статья научная
In this paper, simulation of rectangular ring micro-strip patch antenna for ultra wideband (UWB) wireless applications is done. The attractiveness of this antenna is that it employs solo patch that makes it easy to fabricate and economical as well. It also mitigates the issue of misalignment. By making use of matching rectangular strips, impedance bandwidth enhancement is also attained. At centre frequency return loss is not more than -10dB. It demonstrates superior radiation characteristics and reasonable gain in the whole operating band. In the designing of proposed antenna, micro-strip feeding is used for power supply purpose. CST Microwave studio suit 10 is used for the simulation purpose of the proposed antenna, which is a 3D electromagnetic field tool for simulation of electromagnetic field in all frequency bands. After simulation of proposed antenna, enhancement in impedance bandwidth of 20.60%, frequency range of 1.8533 GHz, radiation efficiency of 92.51%, and gain of 3.765dbi are obtained.
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Smart Factory based on IIoT: Applications, Communication Networks and Cybersecurity
Статья научная
Smart factory represents one of the main Industrial Internet of Things applications that contribute in the industrial activities in the smart cities. This field acquires a special attention with the age of industry 4 from upgrading the passive machine into cyber physical system point of view. However, the process of developing the traditional factory into smart factory faces some issues regarding to handle smart and safe management such as handling the requirements of smart factory applications and the communication networks that should transfer the data among different parts. The current review paper highlights the up-to-date related works in the field of industry 4 in terms of industrial internet of things (IIoT) to filling the gap between the operational technologies and information technologies. Hence, the different architectures of IIoT are taken into consideration of research paper scope in terms of investigation and analysis. This work concentrates on the smart factory application and aims to connect between applications requirements and communication networks in the field of the smart factory in order to hold the optimum management to this aspect. Moreover, the expected cyberthreats and cyberattacks in the smart factory are captured in this work to explain the suitable countermeasures against such cyberattacks.
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Smart Home Security Using Facial Authentication and Mobile Application
Статья научная
In this fast-paced technological world, individuals want to access all their electronic equipment remotely, which requires devices to connect over a network via the Internet. However, it raises quite a lot of critical security concerns. This paper presented a home automation security system that employs the Internet of Things (IoT) for remote access to one's home through an Android application, as well as Artificial Intelligence (AI) to ensure the home's security. Face recognition is utilized to control door entry in a highly efficient security system. In the event of a technical failure, an additional security PIN is set up that is only accessible by the owner. Although a home automation system may be used for various tasks, the cost is prohibitive for many customers. Hence, the objective of this paper is to provide a budget and user-friendly system, ensuring access to the application and home attributes by using multi-modal security. Using Haar Cascade and LBPH the system achieved 92.86% accuracy while recognizing face.
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Smart locker: IOT based intelligent locker with password protection and face detection approach
Статья научная
In today’s world, security becomes a very important issue. We are always concerned about the security of our valuables. In this paper, we propose an IOT based intelligent smart locker with OTP and face detection approach, which provides security, authenticity and user-friendly mechanism. This smart locker will be organized at banks, offices, homes and other places to ensure security. In order to use this locker firstly the user have to login. User has to send an unlock request code (OTP) and after getting a feedback Email with OTP, he/she will be able to unlock the locker to access his/her valuables. We also introduce face detection approach to our proposed smart locker to ensure security and authenticity.
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Smarter Way to Access Multiple Mobile Cloud Applications without Interoperability Issues
Статья научная
As we are in the world of emerging technologies people have more awareness about it especially Smartphone’s. Usage of Smartphone’s has been increased tremendously. Different operating systems (OS) are used in smart phones such as MAC OS, Android, and Windows OS etc. Most of the applications are run on their appropriate platform. Cloud is the simplest way to run certain application over cross platforms. Many cloud vendors are there who provides several kinds of applications and software which can be accessed by the users. In that Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) helps us to create a cloud application over the market. However there will be chances to occur Interoperability issues while users were working on a cross platforms. In order to overcome this issue a framework has been proposed named Mobile Cloud Middleware (MCM). MCM will recover the interoperability issues over multiple cloud services on mobile devices. Here in this paper we proposed effective result to solve the Interoperability issue by integrating Mobile Enterprise with MCM.
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Software Defect Detection-oriented Static Analysis Techniques
Статья научная
This paper mainly studies the method of static analysis techniques; discuss static analysis techniques status and progress, as well as the characteristics of static analysis.
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Software Defined Network: The Next Generation Internet Technology
Статья научная
Software Defined Networks is an emerging network paradigm which introduces programmability to networks and has the capability to dynamically configure the network. In a traditional IP based network the control part and the data forwarding elements are imposed in a single box that has very limited ability to configure the network, some vendor specific codes run on the forwarding elements to perform this task. SDN takes another approach by decoupling the controller part from the data plane part. It is the next generation Internet technology that solves the ossification of the Internet, along with creating massive innovations so that network management can be easily handled. In this paper, we are trying to explore the different layers, various protocols supported by SDN, along with discuss the numerous benefits of it.
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Sorting of Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene and Polystyrene Plastics by Microwave Cavity Resonance
Статья научная
This paper presents a new sorting method for acrylonitrile-butadiene-stryrene (ABS) and poly styrene (PS) by means of microwave cavity resonator perturbation. In this method, a small piece of sample material is inserted into a cavity resonator at a point when the electric and magnetic fields mark the maximum and the minimum values, respectively. Experiments were carried out with use of 1-, 2-, 5-, and 10-GHz resonators and ABS and PS samples of various sizes. Loss angles of polarizability (tan χ) exhibited differences large enough to achieve accurate sorting between ABS and PS.
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Spear Phishing in Social Engineering: Leveraging ChatGPT and Numberbook
Статья научная
This study explores the rising threat of spear phishing attacks enabled by artificial intelligence (AI) tools like ChatGPT, combined with public data platforms such as Numberbook. By leveraging these technologies, attackers can create highly personalized and convincing phishing messages, drastically improving their success rates compared to traditional methods. This research investigates how AI-generated content enhances the effectiveness of phishing campaigns and proposes a defense framework to combat these advanced threats. The study adopts a multi-faceted approach to cybersecurity, encompassing AI-driven detection models, regulatory measures to limit data exploitation, and comprehensive user education. Survey results indicate that most respondents recognize the effectiveness of AI detection models in identifying phishing attempts. However, the findings also highlight significant gaps in data protection regulations and user awareness programs, which remain critical vulnerabilities. By presenting empirical evidence and practical solutions, this research contributes to the field of cybersecurity, emphasizing the need for advanced detection technologies, stricter regulatory oversight, and enhanced public awareness. The insights offered are pivotal for organizations aiming to fortify defenses against increasingly sophisticated phishing attacks, ensuring a proactive and resilient approach to emerging cyber threats.
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Spectrum Sharing Technologies for Cognitive IoT Networks: Challenges and Future Directions
Статья научная
In recent years, the number of devices connected to the Internet has been increased exponentially, which creates a new ecosystem known as the Internet of Things (IoT). According to Cisco’s prediction, it is expected that over 50 billion devices will be connected to the Internet by 2020. In fact, IoT is expected to be a key enabling technology to accommodate the massive connectivity of heterogeneous smart devices in the upcoming fifth-generation networks. However, in a limited resource environment, the existing spectrum will not be sufficient to satisfy all these spectrum demand. Sharing the idle spectrum in licensed and unlicensed bands is a feasible solution for effective IoT deployment. Therefore, in this paper, we provide a survey of advanced spectrum sharing techniques and emerging IoT technologies to exploit the spectrum both in existing licensed cellular infrastructures and unlicensed spectrum bands. To the best of our knowledge, different from the existing literature, we identify the potential research challenges and suggest future directions for efficient IoT deployment in next-generation wireless networks.
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