Review paper. Рубрика в журнале - Pravo - teorija i praksa
Specificities of the property restitution procedure under the law of the Republic of Serbia
Статья научная
In all the republics of the former Yugoslavia, including in the Republic of Serbia, property relations were highly dynamic, with the answer to the question of who held ownership rights frequently changing. In Serbia, among the last countries in the region, a systemic law regulating property restitution was only passed in 2011 – the Law on the Restitution of Confiscated Property and Compensation. This law, encompassing both substantive civil and procedural administrative law, introduces a special procedure for the return of confiscated property and compensation, in which, in certain areas, significant deviations from the general rules of administrative procedure are evident. This paper examines the specificities of the property restitution procedure as a special administrative procedure and highlights the key differences compared to the general administrative procedure.
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Specifičnosti alternativnih sankcija u krivičnom pravu Srbije
Статья научная
U ovom radu akcenat je stavljen na pitanje koliko krivično pravosuđe u današnje vreme ispunjava očekivanja koje savremeno društvo stavlja pred njega. Takođe, postavlja se pitanje, kako obezbediti efikasniji rad krivičnog pravosuđa, a da to istovremeno ne ide na štetu kvaliteta njegovog rada. Ovde se ne radi o sitnijim reformskim organizacionim merama, već o strateškim koncepcijama koje duboko zadiru u funkcionisanje krivičnog pravosuđa, a imaju i šire društvene reperkusije i mogu suštinski da utiču na život svakog čoveka. Elementarno pitanje koje se nameće jeste kako reagovati na kriminalitet koji je, sa izvesnim oscilacijama, u stalnom porastu. Svesni svih protivurečnosti koje sa sobom nosi osavremenjivanje postojećeg režima krivičnih sankcija, neophodno je ukazati na osnovne sadržaje alternativnih krivičnih sankcija. Njima se postižu višestruki pravni efekti na polju reaktivnog reagovanja na kriminalitet. Otuda ćemo posebnu pažnju posvetiti ukazivanju na osnovne sadržajne odrednice alternativnih sankcija u našem krivičnom pravu.
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Spoljnotrgovinska razmena tekstilne industrije Srbije - stanje i pravci promena
Статья научная
Razvojna kriza u industriji Srbije nameće potrebu njenog korenitog strukturnog prilagođavanja, pre svega u pravcu adekvatnog uključivanja u međunarodnu podelu rada. Priliv stranih direktnih investicija je nedovoljan, sa relativno lošim prognozama za njihovo obimnije povećanje u kratkom i srednjem roku, usled globalne finansijske krize. U tim uslovima, značajno je identifikovati grane industrije koje, sa postojećim faktorima konkurentnosti i uz podršku odgovarajućih mera industrijske politike, mogu poboljšati spoljno-trgovinski bilans zemlje. Tekstilna industrija Srbije je zadržala prepoznatljiv izvozni potencijal i pored brojnih problema i slabosti u sferi spoljno-trgovinskih odnosa. Po obimu izvoza ova industrijska grana je među pet najvećih izvoznika, ali, u isto vreme, sa rastućim deficitom u spoljno-trgovinskoj razmeni. Evidentna je nužnost njenih strukturnih promena u pravcu podizanja niskog nivoa konkurentnosti, ali i potreba stvaranja povoljnijeg institucionalnog ambijenta za realizaciju tih promena.
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Stalna aktuelnost pitanja ljudskih prava i sloboda
Статья научная
Izuzetno veliki društveni značaj međunarodnog, regionalnog, državnog i praktično individualnog karaktera ostvarivanja i zaštite ljudskih prava i sloboda. Prvi međunarodni dokument koji na univerzalan i autentično prirodno pravno reguliše ljudska prava potiče iz 18. stoleća, to je bila Francuska Deklaracija o pravima čoveka i građanina. Sva ranija dokumenta se ne odnose na autentična i univerzalna prirodna prava koja čoveku pripadaju po njegovom rođenju nego su sva ta ranija prava sadržana u određenim dokumentima, bila izraz volje vladara da li pojedinca ili oligarhijskih grupa kao neka vrsta oktroisanih prava i koja nisu bila trajna i univerzalna, nego parcijalna i promenjiva. Kao preteče savremenih i univerzalnih prava čoveka uzima se Engleski zakon o pravima - Bill of Rights od 1689. godine. Isto tako period priznavanja ljudskih prava u državnom zakonodavstvu i pravnim aktima pominje se Proglas 13. nezavisnih država Amerike od 1776. godine vezano za Američku revoluciju. Treba istaći da su međunarodni standardi o ljudskim pravima, pre svih, i iznad svih dati u Opštoj deklaraciji OUN o pravima čoveka iz 1948. godine koja predstavljaju najznačajniju kodifikaciju ljudskih prava, te se to stablo ljudskih prava razgranalo i važi širom planete. U najširem smislu ljudska prava se mogu odrediti kao minimum moralno političkih i socijalno-ekonomskih zahteva građana u odnosu na državnu vlast čije je ostvarenje preduslov za osnovnu biološku, političku i kulturnu egzistenciju pojedinaca tj. uslov za život dostojan čoveka i njegove humane i stvaralačke prirode. Takva ljudska prava proističu iz osnovnog karaktera čoveka kao najsavršenijeg planskog i zdravorazumskog bića.
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Статья научная
Pored krivičnih dela falsifikovanja isprava kojima se napada pravni saobraćaj, njegovo nesmetano, normalno i bezbedno funkcionisanje u našem pravu postoji i niz drugih krivičnih dela koja su na razne načine povezana (ili u odnosu) prema njima. Falsifikovana isprava služi samo kao sredstvo za postizanje određenog cilja. To je krivično delo koje nikada nije samo sebi cilj. Najčešći motivi zbog kojih se uz druga krivična dela vrše i falsifikovanje isprava su: pohlepa za novcem, želja da se stekne bolji posao, prikrivanje drugog krivičnog dela, takvi slučajevi nalažu potrebu da određenu pažnju posvetimo i problemu odnosa. Zato ćemo odnos krivičnog dela falsifikovanja isprava prema drugim krivičnim delima posmatrati kroz sticaj kod krivičnog dela falsifikovanja isprava i kroz odnos krivičnog dela falsifikovanja isprava prema drugim krivičnim delima.
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Статья научная
Research has demonstrated that a strong employer brand has a significant positive impact on the organization, including an influence on talent attraction and retention, gaining a competitive advantage by building a positive impact in public and enhancement of the employee engagement and consequently organizational performance. The purpose of this paper is to support organizations in developing a structural approach towards building an employer brand in order to attract, engage and retain the best employees and thus increase their performance. The paper will present the existing research regarding the employer branding strategies and via a case study analyse the practical implication these strategies have. A case study included a qualitative research done on PwC, a consulting and audit company operating on Serbian market. The study utilized the structured interviews in order to analyse the starting position of the organization, the challenges it was facing, and the desirable outcomes. The interviews also examined the strategies and actions taken to achieve these outcomes, as well as the results of the process. The results of the study demonstrated that the impact the strategies had was positive. But, what proved to be lacking was the structural approach towards the strategy implementation as well as clear measurements of the impact the strategies had on the overall organizational performance.
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Structure and ratio legis of retention right in contemporary civil law
Статья научная
The subject of this work is critical analysis of key segments of the civil law institute of retention, i.e., the right to retain the debtor’s property – primarily in positive Serbian law, but also in European regulations with the longest tradition of civil codes. Through the application of various scientific methods, particularly axiological and comparative law, the author analyzes and evaluates the following segments of Ius retentionis: definition, content and effect, forms, conditions for establishment, protection, and termination, with demarcation from related institutes. Commenting on various positive legislative solutions, the author also reflects on: the solutions of two previously drafted drafts that embody potential proposals for future Serbian civil law; as well as the model-rule DCFR, which constitutes part of the “soft” law of the EU, with which the domestic solution is useful to harmonize in the future, with the aim of determining the direction of further development of this institute. By providing explanation of some doctrinal and disputed retention issues (such as: permitted object, scope, legal nature), the author provides an authentic picture of this useful, but controversial institute. The author concludes that retention can be described as unfinished real right sui generis, an atypical legal real guarantee authentically exercised by self-protection technique, whose ratio legis is threefold: social, material and procedural justification. All of this finally outlines the direction of its further affirmation, i.e., the strengthening of retention in all segments of the institute, regarding: effect, content, expansion of the object, simplified conditions for establishment, as well as an increasing number of modalities.
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Sudska zaštita prava intelektualne svojine u Republici Srbiji
Статья научная
U ovom radu obrađena je sudska zaštita prava intelektualne svojine u slučaju povrede, bez koje monopolsko pravo subjekta prava ne bi imalo nikakvog smisla. Predmet zaštite je nematerijalno dobro koje kroz ekonomsku funkciju omogućava subjektu prava materijalnu korist od ekonomskog iskorišćavanja. Poseban značaj zaštite prava intelektualne svojine proizilazi iz činjenice da je intelektualna svojina nastala angažovanjem najkreativnijeg ljudskog potencijala uz ulaganje ogromnih finansijskih sredstava. Novousvojeni zakoni u našoj zemlji usaglašeni su u najvećoj meri sa važećim regionalnim i međunarodnim standardima iz oblasti zaštite prava intelektualne svojine.
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Sudski sistem u složenim državama
Статья научная
Autori obrađuju sudski sistem i sudsku funkciju iz aspekta složene države. Njihov pristup se zasniva na tome da je federacija u osnovi ustavna i pravna država pa shodno tome i sudski sistem mora biti u toj funkciji. Kompleksnost sudskog sistema u federaciji proizilazi iz činjenice da u federaciji postoje dva pravna poretka. Jedan je poredak federacije, a drugi je poredak federalnih jedinica. Istovremeno autori naglašavaju da na sudski sistem, utiče i činjenica da je federacija tip države i sa podeljenom nadležnošću i to ima svog odraza na sudove i sudski sistem, što ukupno dolazi do izražaja prilikom funkcija i organizacije sudskog sistema. Takođe, autori posebnu pažnju obraćaju na pitanja organizacionih rešenja u federacijama pa polaze od tri bitna elementa: prvo, gde postoji samo vrhovni sud kao jedini sud, a ostalo su sudovi federalnih jedinica; drugo, gde postoje pored vrhovnog suda i drugi savezni sudovi, uz istovremeno postojanje sudova u federalnim jedinicama i treće, gde postoji samo savezni sud, a federalne jedinice uopšte nemaju svoje sudove.
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Suspect detention during the pre-investigation proceedings in Republic of Serbia
Статья научная
According to the Article 27, paragraph 1 of the Constitution of Republic of Serbia (2006), the right to liberty is guaranteed to all domestic and foreign persons, which is derived from the constitutional provision that the holder of this right is “everyone”. Everyone has the right to move freely, to settle in Republic of Serbia, to leave it, and to return to it. This freedom may be restricted by law if it is necessary to conduct a criminal proceedings, protect the public order and peace, prevent the spread of infectious diseases, or defense of Republic of Serbia (the Constitution of Republic of Serbia, 2006, the Article 39, paragraph 2). Deprivation of liberty is allowed only for legal reasons and in the procedure provided by law. Both minors and adults may be deprived of their liberty. A person who has not reached the age of 14 is considered a child, and he/she cannot be deprived of liberty in the pre-investigation procedure because, according to our legal regulations, children are not subject to criminal liability. The aim of this paper will be to explore the concept of deprivation of liberty by arresting and/or detaining a suspect in the pre-investigation procedure according to the criminal procedure legislation of Republic of Serbia, with examples from previous practice and a proposal for some legal improvements.
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Suspended sentence with custodial supervision in Serbia – what does custodial supervision involve?
Статья научная
Suspended sentence with custodial supervision represents an alternative sanction that the legislation of the Republic of Serbia has known for half a century, but its application is rare because it is ordered in a negligible number of cases. Ordering custodial supervision has its advantages and it can be effective in cases when it is not enough to just sentence a person conditionally nor would it be justified and effective to punish the individual more severely, but it is necessary to ensure some sort of help and support in order to correct the offender’s behavior and deter them from committing criminal acts in the future. In order to better understand this sanction and see how it works in practice, we have analyzed measures of custodial supervision which are most often prescribed in accordance with the committed crimes. The paper uses a statistical and comparative method and analyzes the available literature, as well as the judgments of those courts that in a certain observed period had the largest number of suspended sentences with custodial supervision.
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Suspension from work of civil servants in Republic of Srpska
Статья научная
In the paper the author describes the institute of suspension from work in Republic of Srpska, which is applied in the cases of criminal or disciplinary proceedings against a civil servant, with an aim to protect the interests of the service during the course of criminal or disciplinary proceedings against the officer. Primarily through a review of legislation of Republic of Srpska, as well as through legal solutions in other countries and through a review of a standpoint of legal theory, the author separately analyzes the types of suspension from work of civil servants, the duration of suspension, the salary compensation for the period of suspension, and legal remedies against the decision on suspension from work. The author's conclusion is that this is a necessary legal institute, but he suggests, as a cumulative condition for suspension from work, a reasonable expectation that the civil servant could be imposed with the most severe punishment in the disciplinary proceedings - the termination of the employment in a civil service. It is also suggested that, by the amendments of law, the Civil Service Board of Appeal is enabled to decide on the existence of the decision on suspension during the entire disciplinary or criminal proceedings.
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Svetska trgovinska organizacija - pravila i procedure za rešavanje sporova
Статья научная
Problematika položaja Svetske trgovinske organizacije, kao uostalom i drugih međunarodnih organizacija, trebalo bi da bude uslovljena pre svega formalno-pravnom sadržinom akata date organizacije, kao i odredbama i opštim načelima međunarodnog prava, kao i pitanjima faktičkog položaja organizacije u odnosu na postojeće druge relevantne organizacije i tela međunarodnog karaktera i njihove interakcije sa nacionalnim institucijama i nacionalnim pojedinačnim pravnim sistemima. Prilikom ovakvih razmatranja mora se poći od činjenica postojanja angloameričkog pravnog sistema regulisanja pravnih odnosa i kontinentalno evropskog ili klasičnog sistema zasnovanog na opštim načelima i tekovinama rimskog prava, koje oba sa sobom nose različite koncepcije induktivnog i deduktivnog pristupa pravnom zaključivanju, te otuda različitim koncepcijama regulacija i poštovanja odnosno sprovođenja prava u praksi. Anglosaksonsko, odnosno angloameričko pravo kao dominantno i uzorno u formiranju pojedinačnih akata međunarodnih organizacija pa i Svetske trgovinske organizacije, jeste precedentno, načelno, i ono u velikoj meri ostavlja regulaciju predmetnih faktičkih situacija subjektima situacija; i to tako da regulisanje situacija treba da je primereno praksi i shvatanjima strana u odnosu, ili u sporu, što u velikoj meri može stvoriti konfuziju i problematiku ukoliko se odnosi odvijaju između subjekata koji ne pripadaju angloameričkoj pravnoj tradiciji. Ovim, javljaju se kao relevantna i pitanja, mogućnosti lakog nametanja volje jačeg subjekta u odnosu sa slabijem, kao i pitanja problematike težnje ka najoptimalnijim rešenjima i postupcima, u cilju ekonomski najboljeg razrešenja datih situacija. U svetlu ovih pitanja jeste i iznošenje pravila i procedura radi rešavanja sporova članica Svetske trgovinske organizacije, propisanih delom Dogovora o osnivanju STO, aneksom 2 na predmetni dogovor.
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Tajm-šering i nepoštena poslovna praksa
Статья научная
Od usvajanja Direktive EU 94/47 o zaštiti kupaca u pogledu pojedinih aspekata ugovora koji se odnose na kupovinu prava na vremenski podeljeno korišćenje nepokretnosti, taj oblik korišćenja je pretrpeo promene, a na tržištu su se pojavili i novi proizvodi za odmor slični tajm-šeringu. U praksi se pokazalo da Direktiva EU 94/47 nije sprečila pojavu ugovora sličnih tajm-šeringu, kojima se nastojalo da se zaobiđu odredbe Direktive. Nesavesni trgovci su na taj način izbegavali odgovornost po osnovu Direktive, znajući da ugovori slični tajm-šeringu ne potpadaju pod njen domašaj. Stoga je bilo potrebno usvojiti propise kojima bi se sprečila nepoštena poslovna praksa i ujedno zaštitila prava potrošača. To je učinjeno usvajanjem Direktiva EU 2005/29, 2006/114 i 2008/122. Predmet ovog rada biće prikaz nepoštene poslovne prakse u vezi sa tajm-šeringom, kao i pravna analiza rešenja sadržanih u svakoj od pomenutih direktiva EU.
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Terorizam kao oblik specijalnog rata
Статья научная
Terorizam je poslednjih decenija prerastao iz akutnog u hronični problem sa kojim se susreće čitava međunarodna zajednica. Naoko sporadični i neujednačeni pokušaji zastrašivanja građana i njihovih legitimnih političkih predstavnika, 'preko noći' postaju oruđe za vođenje posebnog, odnosno specijalnog rata. Sledstveno tome, terorizam je neophodno posmatrati kao globalni fenomen i pretnju koja, usled svog kontinuiranog delovanja, poprima sva obeležja gerilskog načina ratovanja. Bogatstvo formi u kojima se ispoljavaju teroristički akti i veliki broj terorističkih organizacija doprinose otežanom načinu vođenja borbe za njihovo suzbijanje ili bar dovođenje na 'podnošljivu' meru. U tom smislu, neophodno je usmeriti buduće aktivnosti u pravcu sveopšteg pružanja otpora svim vidovima terorizma, što veliki broj država, na čelu sa međunarodnom zajednicom zaista i čini. Uočljivo je prisustvo velikog broja definicija terorizma i terorističkih organizacija u zavisnosti od aspekta iz kojih se ova planetarna pojava i globalno zlo posmatra. Neophodno je ukazati na korišćenje različitih kriterijuma, počev od bezbednosnih, politikoloških, krivičnopravnih, kriminoloških, socioloških i sl., kojima se tretira i pojmovno određuje fenomen terorizma. Uvažavajući specifičnosti različitog tretiranja terorizma, autor ovoga rada je odlučio da, koristeći se dostupnim izvorima, ukaže na sve negativne efekte koje ova planetarna pojava čini ljudskom društvu, kroz vođenje ili oblik specijalnog rata.
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The European Union market from the aspect of the competition and basic values of Roman law
Статья научная
The rich treasury of Roman law requires a continuous scientific research. The values of Roman law in the process of globalization are achieving the notable results in the creation of a new ius commune. Today, the logistical aspect of the European legal systems takes place in the domain of Roman law, and some of its values are recognizable in the course of economic life on the market within the encounter of the national and European Union Law. The methodological and institutionalized framework of the competition law is used to achieve positive effects in the single market, paving the way for the even distribution of social wealth. The market cannot neutralize the behavior of business entities using the competition to achieve extra profits. So, detecting and placing all possible forms of embezzlement used by business entities under the legal framework is a difficult task dealt with by competition policy entities, largely using the legal institutes of Roman law.
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The European model of the integrated border management
Статья научная
The enlargement of the European Union has called for a reevaluation of the way the external borders to be protected as a necessary consequence of the free movement of people in the European Union. It also appears to be a result of a fundamental component of the area of freedom, security and justice. The abolition of the internal border checks and a different approach to external borders followed by emerging forms of cross-border crime with a cross-border dimension, illegal migration, trafficking in human beings and terrorist threats constantly being on the rise, have requested a different approach. The lack of economic perspective, poverty, environmental disasters and wars have forced people to look for a better life elsewehere, which has led to the most important global phenomenon of the 21st century- migration. Migration issues have made us think about the important matters faced by developed countries independantly, and as such they are currently at the top of the European Union’s political agenda. To respond effectively to emerging challenges and threats, the European Union has expedited the development of the integrated border management as a generally acceptable border management model, as well as a key factor in improving migration management. The paper is based on the information gathered from the open sources of the European Union institutions, as well as from personal experiences gained throughout the course of border management reform in Republic of Serbia.
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The calculation of earnings and wages compensation as executive documents
Статья научная
Recent amendments to the Labour Act put a significant issue in front of the scientific and professional public: whether employees, by amending of Article 121, received an important institute of protection of individual rights or whether, in practice, we are talking about a difficult to operate Institute of rights protection. Will the provision providing the fact that the calculation of earnings and wages compensation represents an executive document allow the employee to quickly and easily exercise his/her right to remuneration which he/she had not been paid by the employer and thereby reduce the number of labor disputes, or, will it be 'drowned' in a continuous interpretations of stakeholders and become stultified. Generally speaking, neither of parties are fully satisfied with the adopted solutions which amended the Labour Act. By giving certain dilemmas and attitudes being presented in this study, I want to contribute only to a clearer and more precise formulation of the individual labor law institute, and thereby, in the near futurity, to the facilitation of the implementation of laws needed to be clear and available to all employers and employees.
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The comparative analysis of design right and copyright
Статья научная
A large variety of market relations are regulated by intellectual property rights, which represent legitimate monopolies correcting certain inefficiencies of a profit distribution on the market. In the following paper, the author examines the relations between design right and copyright using the comparative method. Firstly the author will analyze both resemblances and differences between these two intellectual property rights. The resemblance in protection object in particular makes available the cumulation of protected rights, in other words, the possibility of protecting industrial design by copyright, which will also be analyzed in the paper. Such work aims to comprehend the hybrid nature of design right as a right usually bypassed in a legal theory, and which is, in the author’s opinion, especially interesting.
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