Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast @volnc-esc-en
Статьи журнала - Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast
Все статьи: 1801
Статья научная
In the current development conditions, the issue of distributing social functions between the state and a business is the most relevant. There are several institutions through which the state transfers social functions to organizations: social entrepreneurship, nonprofit organizations, and corporate social responsibility. These processes are the most important for the RF Arctic zone, which is resource oriented, and it is characterized by a special vulnerability to technogenic, biogenic, and socio-cultural threats. Mining companies adopt a voluntary social responsibility policy more often than companies from other industries. The results of the analysis of conducted studies show that a little attention is paid to issues of cooperation between socially responsible companies and regional authorities. This work is devoted to studying processes of the formation of mechanisms defining cooperation between socially responsible companies and regional authorities of the RF Arctic zone. Primary and secondary sources of information served as the informational basis. To collect primary data, we used in-depth unstructured interviews. Secondary data sources were official data from government and companies’ websites, legal acts, and internal documentation of companies (annual reports, ordinances, regulations, policies, and reports on sustainable development). Content analysis of strategies, synthesis, and structural approach were used as methods of data interpretation. Access to company’s internal documentation and the lack of updates on government and companies’ official websites were restrictions of the research. Despite the existing bottlenecks in the research, the results are interesting for the further study of the mechanism of influence of business’ social responsibility on the territories’ socio-economic development and actualization of strategies for the Arctic regions’ development.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
The article reveals the content of work conducted through the cooperation of scientists and specialists of both countries to build scientific and technological potential, priority areas of work of mutual interest.
Бесплатно
The genesis and mechanisms to overcome systemic economic crises
Статья научная
The paper aims to look into the origin and nature of global economic crises, the least studied phenomena of the global economic life - the phenomena, the nature of which still has not received a generally accepted explanation in economic science. Market economy has its own laws, the spontaneous nature of which is revealed in times of crises. However, the analysis of global “crisis experience” draws attention to an important feature in the implementation of various forms of crises that remains at all the stages of economic development. Some economic shocks, despite their urgency and scale, gradually give way to recovery and then - to complete recovery. Other end up with weak revival and depression, gradually turning into a new recession. Such crises, depressions, and periods of sluggish economic recovery form the “waves of crisis development” that hold the economy in a depressed condition for a long time. The impact and the consequences of these “waves” of economic shocks that are sequential or overlapping in time go beyond the medium-term economic dynamics...
Бесплатно
The global knowledge market: Features, evolution
Статья научная
The early twenty-first century witnessed the emergence of new phenomena, among them an unprecedented intensification of formalization and regulation within scientific activity. To explain this development, the article introduces several useful concepts: knowledge as an ordered set of original ideas, models, and theories, their justifications and proofs, along with statistical and historical illustrations; and the knowledge market as the process of coupling the segments of knowledge supply (production) and demand (needs), as well as the acts of their purchase and sale at a given price. To deepen understanding of the global knowledge market's evolution, a three-sector model is proposed, comprising a knowledge core (fundamental, scientific knowledge), a periphery (auxiliary or secondary knowledge), and pseudo- or anti-knowledge (outdated, rejected, and erroneous knowledge). This structural model of the knowledge market enables a more focused examination of three global trends and their resulting phenomena: the first (the Great Castling) consists of the accelerated accumulation of knowledge to the point of transitioning from scarcity to surplus in the market; the second (the Great Inversion) entails the rising cost of knowledge production concurrent with a decline in its returns, such that the marginal cost of producing knowledge exceeds its marginal utility; and the third (the Great Erosion) signifies an increasing share of anti- and pseudo-knowledge within the total stock of knowledge. This corresponds to the development of crisis phenomena such as glut, unprofitability, and widespread defective output. It is precisely this crisis-ridden state of the market that has driven the evolutionary shift from the "knight of science" model (service model), in which past researchers were ready to make great sacrifices in the name of science, to the "bureaucrat and imitator" model (business model), in which today's researchers largely adapt to the bureaucratic demands of their organizations and skillfully simulate scientific activity. Overcoming the current crisis may be possible through "unloading" the market by "writing off" outdated and irrelevant cognitive products, which entails a transition from an additive paradigm of knowledge acquisition to a subtractive one.
Бесплатно
The greening of the bio-resource economy of the northern region
Статья научная
The article presents the results of a collaborative study aimed at finding opportunities and limitations for effective use of renewable bio-resources, which are an important part of the resource base of the economy of the Komi Republic. The novelty of the approach to achieving the goal lies in addressing the methodology of greening established as an official course of global sustainable development and gaining momentum in Russia. The logic of the research into modernization of the bio-resource economy of the Northern region corresponded to the traditional scheme, including the understanding of the content, measurement of parameters and areas of development of the process under study, and is reflected in the structure of the article. The research covers the stages of green development, its relations with sustainable development, and approaches to their measurement. Relying on the methodology of green sustainable development for the modernization of bio-resource industries has helped: specify it as environmental modernization aimed at preserving natural capital, improving the environmental quality of life, improving the resource efficiency of economic activity; assess the level of greening of the objects under study and identify the barriers to its increase; justify the areas of conservation and effective use of land, forest and water resources and “greening” the structure of the bio-resource economy of the region...
Бесплатно
The hermeneutic-educational paradigm for a training management in a civic and social sense
Статья научная
The idea that the long-life and long-life learning are preparatory to the civic-political, economic and social development of the present society of knowledge, is now a fact. Nevertheless, in the educational process, today, complaints are still heard about an insufficient ability to interpret the change, to design training programs which can affect the civic education, the sustainable development and the welfare of an area. All that requires a managerial education, based on a hermeneutic-educational paradigm, to optimize the management of public and private educational institutions to capitalize on human resources and to direct them to the acquisition of civic-social skills to use long-life in order to promote social awareness and civic competence. This managerial training will formalize real laboratories of civic-mindedness in public and private educational institutions, it will raise the awareness of cooperative learning, it will activate some practices of responsible citizenship and will urge the civic consciousness in the European dimension...
Бесплатно
The housing policy problems on the local level
Статья научная
The article covers the local government’s capacities and limitations on the matters of forming of its own housing policy in a municipality’s territory. The paper contains the analysis of legislative framework within the scope of which some local authorities may realize their housing policies. It is proved that on the local level especially in Russia’s small towns the local government’s capacities for efficient housing policy are restricted.
Бесплатно
The impact of R&D expenditures on high-tech product exports
Статья научная
Increasing high-tech product exports in international markets to achieve sustainable economic growth goals is considered an important element in every country in the contemporary world, where globalization is experienced at the highest level. Although it is accepted that many factors affect high-tech product exports in the literature, it is emphasized that R&D expenditures have significant effects. In this research, the effect of R&D expenditures on high-tech product exports in 11 emerging market economies in the period of 1996-2018 was examined. In the context of explanatory variables that are thought to have an impact on high-tech product export, exchange rate, foreign demand, economic growth, and foreign direct investments were used in addition to R&D expenditures. To analyze the relationships, panel quantile regression analysis was applied. The results showed that each variable had different effects on high-tech product exports, and it was seen that R&D expenditures had a positive and very strong effect. In addition, it was determined that economic growth and foreign direct investment also had positive and significant effects on high-tech product exports. In the light of the findings, it is of great importance to allocate more share to R&D expenditures to increase high-tech product exports and benefit from international trade markets more effectively, especially in developing countries.
Бесплатно
The impact of employment barriers on the employment characteristics of persons with disabilities
Статья научная
Disability is a complex phenomenon that generates a number of negative socio-economic consequences including working-age population decrease. At the same time, disability is not always accompanied by a complete loss of the ability to work. Usually, persons with disabilities of the second and third groups retain the opportunity to work in the presence of suitable conditions, but in practice the realization of their labor potential is limited by a number of circumstances. The purpose of this work is to substantiate the negative impact of barriers to employment of disabled people on the characteristics of their employment. Based on the statistical data analysis, we have shown a modern socio-demographic portrait of working disabled people, and analyzed the characteristics of their employment and economic activity. We have found that for a long period the highest economic activity was shown by persons with the third disability group. The paper proves that their higher representation in the composition of employed persons with disabilities is due, on the one hand, to less pronounced health disorders and relatively low need to create specialized jobs, and on the other hand, has economic prerequisites. We have shown that the realization of the labor potential of disabled people is not always accompanied by a significant increase in their material well-being. Employment for some disabled people may be a forced step, which confirms the prevalence among them of employment not in their specialty, as well as on the basis of an oral agreement, without official employment. The final part of the article outlines recommendations that can contribute to the fuller realization of the labor potential of disabled people and improve their financial situation.
Бесплатно
The impact of employment digitalization on parenting strategies
Статья научная
The aim of this study is to conduct a comparative assessment of the number of children and the time spent on childcare among Russians of reproductive age working in non-digital and digital (including remote) employment formats. The data source is the Rosstat sample observation database on the population's use of daily time budgets (N=27,082). The research methodology is based on a comprehensive approach to studying the digitalization of employment, the key feature of which is the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) at work. According to the All-Russian Classifier of Occupations, digital employment includes: 1) IT specialists; and 2) specialists who actively use ICT in their activities. Statistically significant differences in the average number of children were identified between groups with digital and non-digital employment, between remote and non-remote workers, and between representatives of flexible and other work schedule formats. Hypotheses that the time spent on childcare would differ depending on the level of employment digitalization were also tested. The conducted analysis of variance showed that the fertility rate in the group of workers with digital employment is lower than among those who work without using ICT. The remote work format does not have a statistically significant effect on the number of children; however, the flexibility of the work schedule demonstrates a certain influence: the digitalization of employment positively affects the amount of time devoted to children, both by mothers and fathers. The main conclusions of the study are as follows: the digitalization of job content does not have a direct impact on reproductive behavior; expanding access to remote work formats can positively affect fertility, provided there is flexibility in the work schedule. This aspect should be taken into account when developing corporate social support measures for employees with family responsibilities.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
Global economic challenges, along with a slowdown in the world economy growth, lead to the need to consider foreign economic activity (FEA) as a factor affecting regional development. Due to non-resource exports, both quantitative (increasing the exports volume, employment, investment inflows, tax base) and qualitative tasks (diversifying the economy, increasing competitiveness and innovation, production of high-value products) are solved. In this regard, a scientifically based assessment of the FEA role in the regional development strategies is relevant which can be the basis for developing a set of mechanisms and tools for the region’s foreign economic development. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the FEA development impact on the regional development by identifying the reflection of its prospects in the development strategies of Russian regions and different countries’ regions. The object of the research is FEA of the selected regions of the Russian Federation, developed countries (Germany, USA), and EAEU countries (Belarus and Kazakhstan). The scientific novelty is to identify the relations between the degree of economic development and FEA countries, and the reflection of promising areas and tools for the FEA development in the development strategies of their regions. The methodological base is represented by the approaches to defining the determinants and principles of FEA support. There were included the following methods: an indicators’ comparative analysis of the economic and FEA development levels of the selected countries and the prospects for the FEA development (in areas, including export of services; non-resource export; export diversification; etc.) in their regions’ strategies. The analysis results confirmed the assumption that the reflection of the directions and tools of FEA development is paid attention to both in developed and developing economies, but different countries have their own specifics. The analysis allows taking into account the experience of developed countries and leading exporters, as well as the EAEU members, when working out individual strategies and program documents of the regions in the FEA field.
Бесплатно
The impact of formal and informal institutions on innovative economic development
Статья научная
Formal institutions are important elements of the institutional structure of the national innovation system. The development of legislative regulation of the Russian innovation system fits within the framework of the administrative state evolution: the growth of the scope of regulation is accompanied by an increase in the number of laws and by-laws. Although the dynamism of formal institutions is an essential condition for adapting to changing environment, it also increases uncertainty and therefore has a negative impact on actors. The analysis of the functioning of formal institutions can be conducted from two perspectives: deductive and inductive. The deductive approach is based on the analysis of the legislative regulation-associated costs and is close to the new institutional economics tradition. The inductive approach, which is used in this paper, follows original institutionalism and narrative economics scholarly tradition. The following problems associated with the functioning of formal institutions have been highlighted in the analysis of narratives about the Russian innovation system: the lack of the necessary legislation, non-complementarity and inconsistency of laws and by-laws, the imperfection of existing legislation, lack of real support for innovations in the formal creation of relevant legal acts, funds and organizations, etc. An econometric modeling of formal and informal institutions influence on the innovative development of the economy has been carried out. Significant variables have been identified including the general indicators of formal institutions and social capital. It leads to the conclusion that the improvement of formal institutions is necessary for the innovative activity development, and high social capital contributes to building trust and, therefore, promotes knowledge sharing and cooperation, which are crucial for innovation initiation.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
The aim of the study is to assess the impact of geographical factors on trade in the Asia-Pacific region. We show that physical distance is the key parameter in assessing the influence of geographical factors on trade within the framework of gravity dependence. The estimates obtained confirm the validity of the hypothesis concerning a long-term reduction in the negative impact of physical distance calculated in various ways on trade in the Asia-Pacific region, indicating the invariance in the choice of values of this parameter to determine the general trend of the influence of geographical factors on commodity exchange in the subglobal region. It is determined that the use of an arithmetic mean physical distance is more acceptable for obtaining correct estimates of the influence of geographical factors on trade in the Asia-Pacific region in terms of compliance with formal criteria for gravitational modeling. The negative impact of physical distance on trade in the Asia-Pacific region has decreased by almost 13% by 2021 compared to 1993, indicating a high intensity of commodity exchange in the subglobal region. The estimates obtained confirm the assumption that the land border has a positive impact on trade turnover in the Asia-Pacific region, which increased by 56% in 1993-2021. We find that the presence of a land border contributed to the expansion of trade between border economies in comparison with other countries of the Asia-Pacific region by 208.3% in 2021. The assessment shows the absence of a statistically significant impact of other factors - the colonial past and linguistic community - on trade in the Asia-Pacific region; this indicates the leveling of ties formed in the past due to the dominance of gravitational attraction between economies in terms of reducing barriers in interactions between them. It is shown that against the background of a decrease in comparative transport costs in the Asia-Pacific region, the current sanctions against Russia are able to limit the geographical distribution of Russian exports, reducing it to the neighborhood markets of the subglobal region, where the Russian economy will experience an increasing gravitational pull from China.
Бесплатно
The impact of innovative development on economic growth in the Russian Federation
Статья научная
This article assesses the impact of innovative development on the growth of the Russian economy. By considering factors such as scientific research, the implementation of its results in production, and net exports, the innovative state of the economy is characterized. The manifestation of these factors clearly demonstrates how the economy’s innovative capacity is utilized. Economic modeling allowed determining the effect of innovative development on Russia’s economic growth. An economic-mathematical model of the innovative development of the Russian Federation was built. Based on this model, the influence of the studied factors was determined, revealing the effectiveness of using the economy’s innovative capacity. By calculating the contribution of these factors to the GDP growth rate, the economic structure of Russia’s innovative development was constructed. This formed the basis for developing principles and postulating a taxonomy for the intensification of the Russian economy. Utilizing the predictive function of Russia’s innovative development, three types of economic growth were identified: 1) inertial; 2) imperative; 3) experimental. It is emphasized that collectively, this constitutes a methodology for assessing economic intensification, which involves decomposing the effect of the identified factors on GDP growth, summing these effects, and determining their contribution to building the structure of such an effect. The assessment of innovative development revealed the factors driving the intensification of the Russian economy. Regulation of these processes became the foundation for developing the taxonomy of economic intensification. The impact of innovative development on the dynamics of the final economic indicator provides a new qualitative dimension to its growth rates, signaling the creation of a new economic management model that can allow achieving technological independence in the near future.
Бесплатно
The impact of institutional factors on economic dynamics in the regions
Статья научная
The article is devoted to the problem of combining institutional and economic features in regional research and forecasting. We substantiate that the importance of institutional factors, including those in the regional context, manifests itself under significant differences in the institutional conditions for business that make it possible to receive stable institutional rent; this leads to the stratification of business by levels of alpha, beta and gamma business. The object of the study is top large business in the region. The distribution of major global and federal companies in the context of regions, as well as the presence of an established group of leaders in the regional economy, requires their separate monitoring and forecasting. We propose our own approach to determining the features of consolidation of large business. We show that the range of dispersion of their levels among regions and over time is significant and can be tens of percent and/or percentage points, which urges researchers to focus on these indicators. By comparing the features of consolidation of large business in the regions and using the constructed quantitative estimates, we substantiate the typology of methods (models) of economic growth in regions, depending on the presence or absence of major global, federal, and regional companies in them and their role in regional economy. Theoretical significance of this approach consists in combining the institutional analysis of the architecture of regional markets with the cost and physical aspects of the analysis; this will help improve the quality of diagnostics of regional and interregional problems and the validity of forecasts. Practical significance is determined by the possibilities of taking into account the architecture of regional markets in regional economic policy.
Бесплатно
The impact of intergenerational differences on employee engagement in an organization
Статья научная
The relevance of the study is driven by the need to adapt corporate engagement policies to the specifics of the workforce’s age structure, especially in the context of demographic aging and the growing share of employees from Generations Y and Z. The aim of the work is to identify the specifics of how employees of different generations perceive engagement programs, using an industrial enterprise operating in a special economic zone as an example. In the scientific literature, engagement is interpreted as a multidimensional construct encompassing emotional, behavioral, and cognitive components; however, the generational aspect remains understudied. The novelty of the research lies in the empirical comparison of the levels and semantic characteristics of engagement among representatives of Generations X, Y, Z, and older employees, based on the validated international Kincentric model. The empirical base includes the results of a questionnaire survey of 72 employees of “SEZ ‘Titanium Valley”’ JSC conducted in the spring of 2025. An adapted questionnaire was used, comprising 24 statements grouped into four blocks: Engagement, Management, Resources, and Development. Percentage values were calculated based on the number of respondents who answered each question. Methods of descriptive statistics and intergroup analysis were applied. The obtained data indicate the highest level of engagement among Generation Y and a decrease in indicators among employees aged 56 and older. Differences in career expectations and perceptions of the corporate environment were identified. The practical significance of the study lies in the formation of personalized HR strategies for a multi-generational workforce. The limitations of the study are associated with the territorial specifics and the single-organization sample; promising directions for future research include expanding the geographical scope and comparing industry-specific cases.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
The dynamics of the financial market depends on the expectations of investors, which are largely determined by economic and political events. To form investment strategies, it is important to understand which events described in the news may affect changes in the value of assets. The purpose of this work is to identify the topics of political news that affect the profitability of shares of Russian companies, and to compare the predictive power of news from Russian and foreign sources. This study investigates the relationship between political news about Russia, obtained from domestic (“Interfax”) and foreign (“New York Times”) sources, and the stock returns of 193 Russian companies over the period from September 1, 2021 to August 31, 2023. There were 30 political dictionaries from each source identified using the Latent Dirichlet Allocation model, and the differences in the highlighted political themes were noted. Time-series models were used to test hypotheses about the impact of political news on the stock prices of Russian companies. The study demonstrates that the Russian stock market’s dynamics are impacted by news from various sources. Specifically, political dictionaries derived from foreign sources enhance the return predictions for the stocks of 142 Russian companies, whereas those from domestic sources improve the forecasts for 146 ones. Nevertheless, models incorporating political news from domestic sources yield higher-quality return forecasts. Additionally, using the Random Forest algorithm, it is demonstrated that the domestic media’s interpretation of events, which are covered in both Russian and foreign news, exerts a more substantial influence on the domestic stock market. Furthermore, models that integrate political dictionaries from both sources exhibit superior quality compared to those that rely on news from a single source. Based on the results obtained, it is demonstrated that incorporating political news into investment decisions enables investors to construct stock portfolios with higher returns.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
The relevance of the research topic is due to the growing impact of precarity on the quality of employment and standard of living among generational groups of economically active population. The opportunities and threats of current employment associated with standard of living may be manifested differently in these generational groups, especially among representatives of the middle generation. Information base of the study is compiled on basis of representative data from the Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey of HSE (RLMS-HSE) for 2021. A sample has formed among employed and unemployed people of the middle generation in age from 36 years up to retirement age. The results obtained denote that the presence of a high level of education and specialized ICT skills enables qualified representatives of the middle generation to ensure sustainable employment and minimize precarity risks. In general, a higher level of ICT skills increases the possibilities of the middle generation to apply their present labor capacities in the labor market. It was discovered that precarious employment is found not only in poor population. It is common among all social groups according to living standards, while it is most evident among low-income households of middle generation workers with per capita incomes of 1-2 subsistence minimums. Taking into account the position of middle-generation people in employment, their qualification and educational characteristics, as well as level of ICT skills, this research has produced some recommendations, which will contribute to neutralize precarity threats and implement professional potential of middle-generation workers in order to enhance living standards of their households.
Бесплатно
The impact of precarization on the standard of living and employment situation of Russian youth
Статья научная
The study of precarization implications focuses on young people who are facing serious problems on the way to stable employment. The lack of clear competitive advantages in the labor market complicates employment in the formal sector of the economy, where workers have access to an extensive system of social guarantees. In this regard, young people often feel vulnerable and uncertain about their future. Despite the relevance of the problem and wide discussion, there are not many specific empirical studies in this area. The aim of the paper is to determine the impact of precarization on the standard of living and the employment situation of young people. The information base is represented by the data of the Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey conducted by the Higher School of Economics for 2021 (30th round). Based on the original toolkit, the scale of precarious work was estimated depending on the concentration of precarization indicators and taking into account individual parameters of respondents. The indicators were calculated using the method of multivariate frequency distribution of attributes. According to the results obtained, the overwhelming majority (almost 80%) of young people are involved in precarious work. To a much lesser extent, this applies to the part of youth that has a high level of education, ICT skills and is engaged in skilled labor. The depth of precarization penetration is also closely linked to per capita income. As its size increases up to two subsistence minimums, the share of those involved in precarious work decreases significantly; and in this regard it does not matter what part of income is used for consumption. In conclusion, we substantiate proposals to counter the threats of precarization for young people. Prospects for further research are connected, first of all, with the identification of educational and professional trajectories that have a negative impact on employment stability.
Бесплатно
The impact of road transport connectivity on economic growth of regions: econometric modeling
Статья научная
For the Russian Federation, as the largest country in terms of area, the task of strengthening transport connectivity of territories: centers of economic growth, urban and rural areas, settlements within urban agglomerations, etc., is of exceptional importance. It is especially acute in the conditions of growing external sanctions pressure, which caused the need to multiply the strengthening of inter- and intra-regional ties of economic, migration, socio-cultural, scientific and technological nature. The aim of the research is to assess the impact of road transport connectivity on the economic growth of Russian regions. We used general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, generalization) and methods of spatial econometrics to achieve it. In particular, we substantiated the existence of clustering of regions in the country space by level of per capita GRP and key indicators of motor transport connectivity based on the results of calculation of global and local Moran's spatial autocorrelation indices. As a result of the construction of multiple regression models with random effects with spatial lags (SAR, SEM, SDM, GSPRE models) and without them, the article shows that the greatest positive and statistically significant influence on the GRP of its subject is exerted by the factor concerning location of the region within the North of Russia, and on the GRP of other regions - by the density of highways. The scientific significance of the study consists in proving that the economic growth of each region of Russia in the period 2014-2022 was influenced by the level of intra-regional transport connectivity of both the subject itself and other regions. The results of our work contribute to the development of ideas about the impact of spatial factors on the economic growth of Russian regions and can be used by researchers in conducting research on similar topics, by public authorities in the development of strategic documents and specific projects for the development of territories
Бесплатно
