Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast @volnc-esc-en
Статьи журнала - Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast
Все статьи: 1659
The specific structure and regional proportions of innovation costs in the Russian economy
Статья научная
The most important choice of a company in the implementation of innovative activities is the decision on the method of mastering new technologies. There is a distinction, first of all, between the development of technologies through their research and through their operation. The assessment of the ratio of these two methods of technology development in the economy of Russian regions has significant research potential. The study implements a methodology for comparative analysis of the spatial dynamics of various types of innovation activities, which allows overcoming the methodological limitations of official statistics. The coefficients of elasticity according to the time trend for the total costs of innovation activities, including research and development costs, costs for the purchase of machinery and equipment, and costs for industrial design (engineering) and design by groups of regions of Russia in 2011-2015, 2016-2018 and 2019-2022 were obtained. The results of the study detail the trends in the innovative development of groups of regions in 2011-2022 with a specification of the dynamics in the pre-sanctions and sanctions periods. It has been established that the systematic development of technologies through their research was carried out mainly in the pre-sanctions period and only in the most developed regions. During the period of increasing sanctions pressure, research and development are localized in metropolitan centers, and remote and underdeveloped regions begin to systematically master new technologies through the purchase of machinery and equipment, as well as industrial design (engineering) and design. The system of econometric estimates obtained in the study, which takes into account both the economic specifics of innovations and the methodological problems of their statistical accounting, made it possible to specify
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The spiritual component of the investment process in the Republic of Karelia
Статья научная
The article describes the possibility to modernize the socio-economic system of the region on the basis of spiritual component. In modern conditions it’s necessary for the Republic, as well as for the whole country, to include a revival component of Russian spirituality in the process of modernization. The authors characterize the investment process in the Republic of Karelia in this article and consider the necessity to increase investment in human capital in the implementation of a major integrated project “Spiritual rebirth of the North”.
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The state and developmental trends of fruit and berry market in the north-western regions of Russia
Статья научная
The article emphasizes the importance of increased consumption of fruit and berry products to the standards, which are recommended by medicine in order to improve public health. It analyzes the modern developmental trends of fruit and berry market in the North-West Federal District and considers the main directions of this market development that cover the state support and regulation of this market, its pricing and competition progress.
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The state of the tourism industry during the economic crisis
Статья научная
Since 1998 in Vologda region the unique tourist project «Veliky Ustyug as the native land of the Father Frost», approved by the President and the Government of the Russian Federation, has been realized. In this article the ten years’ results of this project’s realization, being the important means of education of children and youth, are represented. The necessity of the further development of this project by means of the state support including the creation of transport and social infrastructures, and personnel maintenance is marked.
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Статья научная
The article analyzes the basic propositions of the Strategy for Development of Small and Medium Entrepreneurship (SME) in the Russian Federation till 2030 and the comparison of the key parameters of this strategy with target SME development indicators, which had been earlier given in various planning and forecasting documents of the RF Government. The paper investigates the main causes of the failure with the previously declared benchmarks for a powerful “breakthrough” in this sector of the national economy, in particular, via realization of a set of goal state programs of SME promotion and development. Insufficient results of the state policy for promotion and development of SME for a long time were explained not only by its rather primitive tools, but also by its isolation from other key directions of the state economic policy and by general unsatisfactory trends in structural reforms in the Russian Federation economy. The paper also proves the need to upgrade the entire ideology of SME promoting policy in the Russian Federation taking into account the actual level of development of small business in the national economy as well as the tasks that define its priorities for the future, mainly, in the context of transition to innovative development...
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The study of permanent migration of economically depressed regions
Статья научная
Russia's development in the post-Soviet period is characterized by enhanced interregional socio-economic disparities, emergence of different kinds of troubled territories including depressed areas. The group of depressed regions includes ten constituent entities of the Russian Federation where economic recession is accompanied by reduction in the number of residents and the population outflow as a result of permanent migration. The purpose for this research is to identify the specific features of migration processes in economically depressed regions and elaborate proposals to optimize migration policy. The information base of the research is represented by official data of Rosstat. The article analyzes the processes of permanent migration in depressed areas, proposes periodization of migration process in the post-Soviet period and defines the reasons for the occurred changes. The author identifies net migration indicators and population decline in depressed Russian regions by flows of permanent migration: interregional and international between neighboring and distant countries...
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The successfulness of a modern individual: theoretical and methodological aspects of the study
Статья научная
The article discusses theoretical foundations of understanding success, substantiates methodological approaches to studying the successfulness of the 20th century individual, and discusses findings of an exploratory research conducted by an international team of scientists. We consider it important to study the social phenomenon such as “succesfulness of a modern individual” in the context of their satisfaction with important aspects of life and work and from the perspective of a wide range of socio-cultural, socio-psychological and demographic determinants. The study uses methods developed in various fields of social and humanitarian science; the methods describe the phenomenon1 of success in a meaningful way and identify its prevalence and manifestation features in different countries (in this project - Russia, Poland and Belarus) and in specific groups within countries. An exploratory research performed in this way has an interdisciplinary basis and relies on the synthesis of econometric (modeling, correlation and regression analysis), sociological (questionnaire survey), and psychological (testing) methods. The article presents findings of a pilot sociological survey and psychological testing of the population of different cities of Russia (Vologda, Cherepovets, Petrozavodsk, Kolomna), Belarus (Minsk) and Poland (Lublin). The pilot stage of the comparative cross-country study involved empirical testing of the selected tools in determining success factors in different linguistic, cultural and political environments, searching for methodological approaches to the essence of the phenomenon under consideration, and the operationalization of the concepts used. Successfulness2 has been studied in terms of self-esteem and in relation to life satisfaction. The study covered main spheres and conditions of human life. We tested relevant hypotheses that we had confirmed in the course of regional studies. The scientific significance and novelty of the research lies in the exploratory nature of the project, an attempt to solve a scientific problem by integrating knowledge and methods from various scientific fields. The findings of the study, its conclusions and models can become the basis for the development of a full-fledged concept of “modern successful individual”.
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The system of goods promotion as a factor of engineering production development
Статья научная
The article describes the specifics of marketing of engineering products for industry. A systematic approach to the formation of products promotion on the market and parametric (model) series as a promotional tool are proposed. On the example of Vologda enterprise it is shown that constructive stock keeping policies aimed at creating versions of products throughout their life cycle facilitates the successful marketing and is a factor in increasing production efficiency.
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Статья научная
June 23-24, 2023, Russia witnessed an attempt of an armed rebellion committed by the private military company Wagner headed by businessman Evgenii Prigozhin. Despite the rapid relief of the crisis, many experts note that it has deep and long-lasting implications for the public administration system, the President and Russia as a whole. We consider the causes and consequences of the events that occurred on June 23-24, drawing on our knowledge and experience accumulated during many years of monitoring the effectiveness of public administration, which includes the analysis of expert opinions, findings of diverse empirical studies regarding the state of Russian society, and the study of key regulatory legal acts and strategic documents adopted at the federal level. We think that the attempt to start a rebellion manifests a long-term crisis of statehood, which was caused by the clan-oligarchic structure of the public administration system flourishing in Russia in the post-Soviet period. We analyze certain aspects of the formation of the worldview of the modern extremely liberal ruling elite, provide concrete facts that indicate that the liberal wing of the government does not implement the President's decrees and instructions effectively, and evaluate the role of the public administration system in the formation and implementation of the Social Contract as an informal institution representing a set of mutual obligations between the state and society. We conclude that there is an urgent need for decisive action (first of all, on the part of the President) on the personnel renewal in the public administration system; it is also necessary to staff the system with people focused on Russia's national interests rather than liberal values of the Collective West, the people that have successful experience in solving complex managerial and economic tasks, especially in crisis conditions and in the context of the special military operation. Like many experts, we believe that in this case the public administration system will be able to provide an adequate response to an unprecedented range of internal and external challenges created by increasing threats to national security and global geopolitical changes that led to the special military operation.
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Статья научная
The legislative framework of taxation of agricultural producers in the Russian Federation is considered. Based on the analysis of taxation of agricultural enterprises of the Vologda region a conclusion about the imperfection of state tax regulations in the agricultural sector is made. Ways of improving the unified agricultural tax, allowing increasing the profitability of this regime are suggested.
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The three-year budget: should we wait for stability?
Статья научная
For the first time the Vologda oblast accepted the budget for three years. In the conditions of sharp means’ deficiency it is not an easy task to generate the main financial document in such a way so as to follow the social orientation and to list in the means for economic growth. In the article the basic results of the regional budget’s consideration (for the period from 2011 to 2013) having been carried out by the ISEDT RAS are represented. The main objective of the analysis was estimation of correspondence of the budgetary parameters to the prior problems of the area’s development, to the growth of its population’s well-being, to providing of the macroeconomic stability.
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The tourism industry: administrative levels and methods of forming
Статья научная
The article describes how to assess the potential and the formation of cultural and recreational area at the country, region, and municipality level. The position of the international approach to evaluating the competitiveness of the tourism sector and travelling are revealed and the trends of its development in Russia identified. On submission of the Komi Republic, the resources are described and the goals of regional tourism forming are set, and also the analysis and design of prerequisites for the development of municipal districts cultural and recreational complex experience is presented.
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The transition from extensive to intensive demographic policy
Статья научная
The article analyzes the “window of opportunities” to overcome the demographic crisis through the actualization of intensive approach to the implementation of demographic policy. The main areas of this approach, according to the author, include the redirection of demographic policy from the quantity to the quality of the population, the accumulation and realization of human potential; the adjustment of migration policy taking into account the strategic interests of the indigenous peoples of Russia; the provision of support to traditional values of the Russian people with regard to family life and happiness. The transition to intensive demographic policy can serve as a long-term basis for improving the demographic situation.
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The transport complex of the Far East: development trends and economic role
Статья научная
The mutual influence of transport and economic development has been the focus of scientific research for a long time. Despite this, to date there has not yet formed a single point of view; the results of different authors' assessments are contradictory. Russian Far East is a region whose transport complex importance is difficult to overestimate. The additional relevance of this research area at the present stage is determined by the use of new forms and tools of the region's state policy, as well as the emergence of new promising areas of foreign economic cooperation in the field of transport. The purpose for the present study is to analyze the performance of the role of transport in the economy of the Russian Far East during 2000-2016, as well as to study the factors affecting the significance of transport in the regional economy at the present stage. The methodological research framework lies in the system approach and methods of system-functional and statistical analysis...
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The usage of renewable energy sources in the arctic: the role of public-private partnership
Статья научная
Sustainable development of the Arctic regions of the Russian Federation requires reliable energy supply, which is possible to achieve through searching for new environmentally clean energy sources. The Russian part of the Arctic possesses a great potential of renewable energy sources (RES), and it has required prerequisites for their accelerated development. In these conditions, the transition to renewable energy sources allows not only the provision of required energy resources to the region, supplement and partial substitution of the usage of expensive imported fuel, but the minimization of environmental damage and the preservation of natural resources for future generations. In this article, problems and prospects of the renewable energy usage in the energy system of the Arctic regions of the Russian Federation are systemized and presented. On the basis of the content analysis, the successful experience of their application in the Russian part of the Arctic is summarized, and the tasks of their promotion on these territories are shown. Besides, pros and cons of the renewable energy sources usage in the economy of the Arctic regions are defined. It is revealed that one of the most acute problems of the further development of the RES potential is related to the attraction of funding for “green” energy projects. To solve this problem, we propose the activation of cooperation between the state and business through the development of public- private partnership. We present the specifics of public-private partnership in the field of non-traditional energy and justify the importance of its application for the Arctic regions of the Russian Federation. The scientific novelty of the research is the development of theoretical provisions aimed at the cooperation between government authorities, business structures, and modern society in solving energy issues of the Russian Arctic with the goal of the sustainable development of its territories. The practical relevance of the study is the development of conditions for applying the public-private partnership mechanism to the solution of the priority objectives related to the usage of renewable energy sources in the Arctic region.
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The use of median rank for the comparison of alternatives in the long-term
Статья научная
The article offers the author’s approach to the comparison of the alternatives for the long-term development of the system/object, based on the use of ordinal variables. The best alternative is compared and selected using the author’s method of supramedian ranks. The article illustrates the application of the proposed approach when choosing the option of economic development of the Komi Republic.
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Статья научная
Importance and role of small enterprises during the transition of northern regions to innovation development are determined. Condition, problems and development prospects of small innovation entrepreneurship are considered. Proposals on improvement of the system of governmental support and conditions, influencing survival and development of small enterprises are worked out.
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The victory of capitalism in Russia: history and myths
Статья научная
Interpretation of development of Soviet society in the context of the capitalization with appropriate social and class changes (the emergence of new classes) is suggested in the article. Postsovetsky period, according to the authors, is associated with the loss of the accumulated capital of our country or decapitalization.
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Статья научная
The article considers the problems of power savings and increase in power efficiency in the housing and communal services economy of the Russian northern regions and the ways of solutions to these problems on the basis of innovation techniques using power servicing contracts as a possible mechanism to finance the investments in this sphere. As an example the author examines the implementation of pilot project “Power efficient quarter” in the city of Apatity in the Murmansk Oblast.
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