Статьи журнала - Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast
Все статьи: 1587
Urban environment as a resource for combining professional and parental functions
Статья научная
In the context of approving the “quality of life” concept, the formation of accessible and comfortable living environment is mentioned in Russia's national projects and in Russian towns' development programs. The purpose of the study is to analyze the quality of urban environment in terms of infrastructure conditions, located within walking distance, that minimize physical, material, and time costs of parents' forced daily mobility for educating and developing children. The scientific novelty of the study is related to the first-implemented approach to considering urban environment of residential neighborhoods as a resource for combining professional and parental functions. The empirical basis includes data of a mass survey of citizens-parents conducted in the megalopolis (Yekaterinburg) and the results of in-depth interviews with mothers of preschool and school-age children. The results of the study show a high subjective significance of territorial proximity of key child infrastructure facilities for successful combination of parental and professional functions. Moreover, it indicates a direct interconnection between the saturation of residing places with children's infrastructure facilities and overall satisfaction of parents with the quality of urban environment. The authors record the highest forced mobility due to the lack of walking distance services in the field of intellectual, creative, and sports development of children. A total number of deprived urban neighborhoods and the share of parents who are forced to use infrastructure services outside their neighborhoods indicate that there are spatial inequalities in access to urban goods. Practical significance of the study is the scientific justification of the need to develop comprehensive programs for the formation of a functionally rich environment in microlocal territories during the adoption of a progressive model for the development of a megapolis - “a network of 15-minute cities”. The authors conclude that hyper-proximity-accessibility of urban services can be a significant resource (in a broader social policy for supporting families) for successful combination of parental and professional functions, ultimately contributing to improving the quality of life of citizens with children.
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Статья научная
In the modern world, urbanization processes have become global and comprehensive. The federal law on regional policy “Fundamentals of the state policy of regional development in the Russian Federation for the period up to 2025” points out that the development of agglomerations is the most important condition for ensuring the competitiveness of the economy of the Russian regions and for providing economic growth and technological breakthrough. It can be stated that the significant role of the development of megacities as drivers of national economic growth is officially declared at the federal level of management of socio-economic development of territories. Due to the presence of various modifications of the organization of the economic space of the global economy in recent years, it becomes relevant to find new directions of scientific fundamental and applied research, the subject of which should be the socio-economic mechanisms of functioning of megacities and urban agglomerations formed on their basis, as well as the study of their impact on the municipal, regional, national and world economy in the context of globalization. In order to achieve a high degree of effectiveness in applying the experience of the United States, Western and Eastern Europe in our country, it is necessary to interpret the results of international activities in a certain context while maintaining the main target parameters. International processes of urbanization in the Russian practice are undergoing significant changes and are implemented in the form of suburbanization, a slightly different interpretation of the Western experience. Some of the results of the analysis of the activity of agglomeration movement in the Russian and international practice show that our country is lagging behind other countries, which is reflected in the presence of an insufficient number of municipalities that are larger and more populous then agglomerations: conurbations and others. We see the most important task of further research in studying the theory of urbanization and the processes of spatial and socio-economic development occurring in the territory of municipalities adjacent to the boundaries of megacities.
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Using agent-based models in the analysis and forecast of socio-economic development of territories
Статья научная
The purpose of the paper is to study the essence of agent-based modeling, defining its features and prospects of usage in the modeling of socio-economic development of territories and systematization of domestic and foreign approaches to the development of prototypes for agent- based models of territories. Information basis for the research comprised the works on agent-based modeling by Russian and foreign scholars, especially articles and monographs of scientists of the Central Economics and Mathematics Institute under the Russian Academy of Sciences, papers presented in an international journal The Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation and other sources available on the Internet. The article presents theoretical and methodological foundations of agent-based models of territories. The author considers the concepts of “agent-based modeling” and “agent” and defines specifics of agent-based models in comparison with other types of simulation modeling. The paper also describes major stages of building agent-based models for territories and considers qualification requirements to a modeling subject...
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Value orientations of modern entrepreneurship in Russia
Статья научная
In the theory of entrepreneurship there is a distinct conviction that the value system of entrepreneurs and their behavior have an impact on economic efficiency and, ultimately, on the welfare of the whole society. The issues related to the description of professional and personal qualities of Russian entrepreneurs, their values and motivations, are currently becoming more and more relevant. The development and enrichment of national scientific knowledge in Russian entrepreneurship will largely determine our understanding of its effectiveness for the Russian economy. In domestic literature, there is clear shortage of works devoted to this problem, which is caused by limited capabilities of existing databases. This article attempts to identify the hierarchy of values and their structure in the form of broader orientations in economic behavior of Russian entrepreneurs in the case of fishery business enterprises in Primorsky Krai. Based on an interdisciplinary synthesis, the research proves that the modern theory of entrepreneurship does not only accept the concepts of scientific masterminds, but also enriches their meaningful interpretation...
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Vladimir Ilyin and Jacques Sapir were elected members of the Russian Academy of Sciences
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October 24-28, 2016, the election to the Russian Academy of Sciences was held; as a result, the composition of the Academy has been significantly revised and expanded. It is noteworthy that two members of the Editorial Board of the journal “Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast” were among the winners of the election. At the general meeting of the Social Sciences Department, Vladimir Aleksandrovich Ilyin was elected Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and Jacques Sapir - Foreign Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (both in the “Economics” field).October 28, the voting results of RAS departments were approved at the General Meeting of the Academy. The Editorial Board and editorial staff of the journal “Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast” congratulate Vladimir Ilyin and Jacques Sapir on such an important event in their scientific career and wish them new achievements in research, creative and social work.
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Vologda residents’ notions of happiness
Статья научная
The article evaluates the level of happiness in the Vologda Oblast in comparison with the Russian Federation and the countries of the world. It studies the influence of internal sensation of happiness on the perception of socio-political processes and demographic situation. Furthermore, the article analyzes some of the factors affecting the level of happiness (financial situation, professional activities, interpersonal relations, socio-demographic characteristics).
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Статья научная
All-Russian vote on amendments to the Constitution, which was conducted from June 25 to July 1 of 2020, showed that a vote of confidence, granted by society to a current system of public governance and the President personally during previous presidential elections, was confirmed. With a high voter turnout (68%), 78% of them supported Vladimir Putin’s initiative to amend the Main Law. However, a detailed analysis of “pressure points” of the last vote (regions where the share of votes against constitutional amendments was above national average numbers) confirms experts’ opinions that an idea to unite society around this event did not work out. The lack of real changes in the solution of key issues related to overcoming flagrant social inequality and the growth of the level and quality of life, which would be visible to general population, leads to people’s exhaustion from another positive goals of socio-economic development that might not be fulfilled once again and remain only in a declarative form. It affected the dynamics of public opinion, and, in particular, it echoed in a high level of protest in most Russian regions (in 47 out of 86), its regional centers, and large industrial towns during all-Russian vote on amendments to the Constitution. At the same time, the President’s Executive Order on Russia’s national development goals through 2030, dated July 21, 2020, pushes back dates of national projects’ implementation (from 2024 to 2030) once again and additionally decreases the level of optimism toward the implementation of national development goals until 2024 - exactly until the next elections of the President of the Russian Federation. An analysis of factual information and expert assessments, carried out by the authors, forces to state that, despite another vote of confidence granted by society to the President and his system of governance, the future of Russia’s socio-economic development (at least until 2024-2030) remains unclear, and it increases residents’ fears for their own and their families’ life prospects, as well as for the country itself. In these circumstances, it is difficult to disagree with an opinion of several experts that, in order to overcome long-standing unresolved vital problems that concern population and improve the efficiency of the public administration system, it is necessary to take active steps (primarily by the President) toward the nationalization of ruling elites. Continuing balancing between liberal and state-patriotic forces in power may once again lead to failures in achieving key national development goals, which threatens the legitimacy and the very future of the Russian statehood.
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Статья научная
On September 17–19, 2021, the election to the State Duma of the Russian Federation of the eighth convocation took place in Russia. The article analyzes the outcome of the vote according to official data of the Central Election Commission of the Russian Federation. The results of the past elections are considered broken down by federal district, constituent entity, and municipality of the Russian Federation. We analyze the dynamics of the outcome of the parliamentary elections for the period from 2007 to 2021. The results of the latest election are compared with the results of the RF presidential election (2018) and the all-Russian referendum on amendments to the Constitution (2020). We consider the latest parliamentary election in a broad context – as part of the internal Russian political process. In this regard, a significant part of the article is devoted to the analysis of specific managerial decisions made by the Russian President and aimed at addressing the issue of forming a new, post-Soviet statehood, the key elements of which were revealed in the President’s article “Russia at the turn of the Millennium” (1999). Official statistics, independent experts’ assessments and sociological research findings allow us to say that the head of state has adopted comprehensive and consistent decisions to achieve the tasks he formulated in 1999 (the Russian idea, a strong state, an efficient economy); but so far, not all the goals stated in these tasks have been achieved. At a meeting with deputies of the State Duma of the eighth convocation the President noted that the low level of Russians’ income was the main obstacle to stable development and demographic future. And it is the most objective self-assessment of the effectiveness of the entire system of public administration.
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Статья научная
The article deals with the problem of water economy subjects of the North-West federal district. Water economy problems of the Vologda region are considered in relation to the challenges of the Water Strategy of the Russian Federation for water resource supply of the country’s socio-economic development for the period till 2020. Based on the analysis of water supply (water use and sanitation) in the North-West region the priority areas of work to achieve the target indicators of the Water Strategy, established in 2020 are justified. While developing regions’ water programs for the period till 2020 it is suggested to take into account the trends to improve the structures of water management, to motivate users to the introduction of modern water-saving technologies.
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Ways and methods of economic integration of the North Caucasian regions
Статья научная
The article deals with the possibility of further full-fledged economic integration of the North Caucasian Federal District subjects into the Russia's economic space and the possibility to include them in the system of interregional and international relations and large strategic projects. The author uses the techniques and researches of the state scientific institution “Council for the Study of Productive Forces under the Ministry of Economic Development and Trade of Russia and Russian Academy of Sciences” and her own methodological groundwork. It is proved that priority development of transport, fuel and energy sectors, creation of industrial clusters, wholesale agricultural markets, scientific and educational centers should be the basis for economic integration of the subjects of the North Caucasian Federal District.
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Ways to enhance the economic turnover of fruit and berry production in the region
Статья научная
Enhancement of the regions' self-sufficiency in handling their socio-economic development issues predetermines their increasing importance in the search for new sources of economic growth and improvement of the quality of life, an important characteristic of which is nutrition, including the consumption of fruit and berries. This issue is particularly relevant for the European North of Russia, where the development of its own fruit and berry production is constrained by climatic conditions. These territories can find a source of economic growth in the formation of the fruit and berry market with a significant potential for development based on the resources of wild fruits and berries that the northern regions are rich in. The article describes the main spheres of functioning of the fruit and berry market in the northern regions through the development of integrated network structures that promote integration of fruit and berry production and processing, as well as support on the part of the authorities in creating appropriate conditions for the normal functioning of the market.
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Ways to reduce social inequality
Рецензия
In the context of new geopolitical, financial, economic and epidemiological challenges, the issues of ensuring a decent standard of living and quality of life for the Russian population are still a priority in Russia’s domestic policy. The relevance of this problem arouses scientific interest, which is confirmed by the publication of more than fifteen monographic studies over the past five years. The article analyzes the findings of a study published in 2022 in the monograph Standard of Living and Quality of Life of the Russian Population: From Reality to Designing the Future, prepared by a team of authors and edited by V.N. Bobkov, N.V Loktyukhina, E.F. Shamaeva. The authors of the book - economists, sociologists, specialists in the field of medicine, environmental protection and labor law - presented the results of four years of studying the components, social standards and indicators of the standard of living and quality of life in modern Russia, their qualitative identification and quantitative assessment in the context of excessive socio-economic inequality. The main advantage of the monograph is an interdisciplinary approach to studying the quality of life, which allows for a comprehensive analysis of this indicator of the state of society from the standpoint of economic, social and legal relations. The article notes the structuring of the material, the sequence of its presentation - from theory to methodology and practical recommendations, brevity and accuracy of judgments about the categories under consideration, and a clear perspective of the authors. The novelty of the proposed publication is due to the fact that it investigates new tools of governmental and corporate policy to regulate the standard of living and quality of life, in particular, the presentation of the authors’ concept of a medium-term national program to reduce absolute monetary poverty. These tools are becoming an important step toward reducing social inequality. In practice, this is “designing the future”, as the authors put it, and this is what provides the monograph with both scientific and practical significance.
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Welfare of the population as an indicator of modernization potential of the territory
Статья научная
The article presents the results of a research into population's welfare as the basis of modernization processes. The authors carried out a comprehensive analysis of statistical and sociological data and highlighted the specifics of welfare in Russia and in the Vologda Oblast in terms of formation and use of money income; they also revealed the proportion of the population who are objectively ready to economic modernization. The authors revealed the emerging positive trends that show increasing involvement of the population in the savings-and-credit models. However, the scale of changes is not so great, and it covers only a small part of highly well-off population. In order to assess regional specifics, the authors grouped the RF subjects according to the level of income inequality of the population and other parameters of welfare that have an impact on the modernization potential of a territory. Judging by the indicators of the selected four groups of regions, the largest socio-economic potential of modernization is observed in the subjects with high income inequality...
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What capitalism does Russia need?: methodological guidelines of the “new industrialization”
Статья научная
Modernization of the Russian economy should be carried out taking into consideration global trends and contradictions of the country's socio-economic development. The first trend is predetermined by the transition to the sixth technological mode: the creation and development of bio-, genetic and nanotechnology, quantum computers and new composite materials. Countries that missed the stage of preparation for the beginning of a new Kondratieff wave (the growth potential is laid in the first 15-20 years of the beginning of the cycle), will at best enter the stage of catching-up development. The second trend is defined by global competition for human capital and consists in the outflow of talented Russian youth to the West. Russia should develop a concept for the preservation and enhancement of human capital, which will create natural barriers against the loss of intellectual capital. The undervalued “live labor” forms the basis of strategic contradictions of Russia's socio-economic development between the declared policy of innovative development of the economy and a weak demand for innovation on the part of private enterprises...
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