Статьи журнала - Arctic and North
Все статьи: 752
Статья научная
The article deals with the peculiarities of the regional context of socialization of the youth of the subjects of the AZRF in the field of implementation of vocational and educational attitudes. The paper presents a summary analysis of statistical indicators of migration gain (loss) in the AZRF, including the structure by age groups, as well as data on the dynamics of the number of students studying at different types of educational institutions from 2005 to 2020. Statistical indicators of migration gain (loss) have revealed a trend of a sharp decrease in the outflow of population in the Russian Arctic. The obvious reasons for this situation were the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, which significantly increased the changes in the logic of the reproduction of the social structures, in particular, there was a migration turn towards provincial subjects, as the most favorable for life, in contrast to megacities and large cities. It actualizes and problematizes the possibilities of the environment of remote regions for the optimal socialization of young people. The authors of the article focus on environmental factors that contribute to the formation and implementation of professional and educational attitudes of young people in the region. The purpose of the article is to study the professional and educational attitudes of young people in the conditions of the migration outflow of the population. The object of the research is young people studying in the Murmansk Oblast. The choice of a specific subject of the Russian Arctic (Murmansk Oblast) is due to a number of reasons: intensive migration loss of population; significant reduction in the number of educational institutions; reduction in the number of students in comparison with other subjects of the Russian Arctic. The empirical basis of the article was formed by the results of a sociological study conducted in April–May 2021 in the Murmansk Oblast using the online survey method among graduates of educational institutions of secondary general (523 people), secondary vocational (519 people) and higher education (bachelor level) (283 people).
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Väinö Tanner and the discourse on racial difference
Статья научная
The article charts a previously lesser-known aspect of research on the Skolt Sami by Väinö Tanner — his ideas on the Skolt Sami as a race. Tanner’s place in the scholarly field of racial theorizing and the discursive resources on which he relied are examined. One inspiring contemporaneous discourse was the Finnish hygienic discourse and the improvement of the nation’s health, towards which Tanner leaned. He reproduced aspects of the more aggressive eugenic discourse articulated by his ethnic peers, the Finland-Swedes, but the discourse on their racial superiority was unusable, given the agenda of his book, to elevate the Skolt Sami in the racial hierarchies. The economic organization of society was decisive for Tanner, rather than race, making him a Social evolutionist.
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Статья научная
This article is devoted to the analysis of the water transport in the European North of Russia. Using the case of the Arkhangelsk Oblast, we present the main challenges and perspectives of river navigation development in light of the area’s history and current situation. Our research shows that, historically, water transport has played an important role in the social and economic development of the Arkhangelsk Oblast and held a leading position in the transportation system. However, due to the transition to a market economy in the 1990s, river traffic lost its competitive advantages. The study presents statistical data showing the negative trends of the passenger inland water transport development. The lack of the state involvement in industrial management has led to the deterioration of the water transport quality and its infrastructure. Despite existing challenges, however, water transport still plays an important role in the socioeconomic development of the Russian North. In recent years, various levels of government have discussed the revival of the river navigation and improvements in its use for regional development. The article discusses prospects for overcoming the existing negative trends in the development of water transport. The focus is made on its connection with the industrial development of the Arctic and the cultural potential of the region.
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Статья научная
The expedition to the village of Berezovo of the Berezovsky district of the Khanty-Mansiisk Autonomous District — Yugra, held on 6—8 of June 2015, became part of a large research project “Governan-ce, Community and Ecology: Responding to Challenges of Resource Development in the Circumpolar North”. Its purpose was to study current trends and prospects for sustainable development of certain Arctic areas to ensure balanced economic development, preserve the unique natural ecological system, way of life of indigenous peoples and the existing system of regional and municipal management of these processes. The expedition took place with the support and involvement of the Administration of the Khanty-Mansiisk — Ugra and Berezovsky area.
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What the USA will bring to its chairmanship of the Arctic Council
Статья научная
The results of Canada’s chairmanship of the Arctic Council (2013-2015) and the Iqaluit declaration signed on the 24th of April 2015 are analyzed in the present article. The author is convinced that the United States intend to use their Arctic Council chairmanship (2015— 2017) to solve the US internal problems related to the Arctic areas. The program for the US Chairmanship has three focus areas: improving the economic and living conditions of the Arctic communities; Arctic Ocean safety, security and stewardship and the impacts of the climate change. The United States hope for constructive cooperation with Russia aimed at solving these problems.
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Who cultivated Russian North? Objection to the Norwegian author
Статья научная
Based on the critical analysis of the book Ingve Astrup ‛Norwegian timber merchants – are the pioneers of the Russian Belomorye in the years of 1880−1930’. In the article analyzes the modern trends of Norwegian historiography about the coverage of the issues of the Russian-Norwegian relations.
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Who should rule on the Russian Arctic shelf?
Статья научная
In the article analyzes the policy of the government (ministries) of Russia, state-owned and private energy companies, their motives and interests in the exploitation of oil and gas resources on the continental shelf of the Arctic seas. We research the questions: Are the interests of the government and state-owned companies (‛Gazprom’ and ‛Rosneft’) similar, is there a possibility of participation of the private energy companies in the Arctic offshore projects, timing of offshore projects in Russia: Do they the project of the immediate future or the resource base for the future generations.
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Will be the Arctic last redivision of the world theater?
Статья научная
The possibility of military conflict in the Arctic between Russia and NATO countries is illusory, if Russia can maintain its military capabilities at least at current levels. In the more distant future, a party can be a redistribution of the Arctic, China, is experiencing growing demand for natural resources and rapidly increasing military power.
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Статья научная
The article deals with the life of women in the first Russian settlements in the North-East of Russia in the late XVII — early XVII centuries, known from various archaeological sources. The major idea of the article is opposite the prevailing regional historiography tradition. Archaeological findings show that in the Northern Yakutia, the first settlers came there not only with the representatives of the indige-nous peoples of the region, but also with Russian women.
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Women's personalities in the pages of textbooks the history of Russia
Статья научная
In article the review modern (published since 2000) school textbooks of Domestic history about that consideration as a female personnel is presented on their pages is spent.
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Wrangel island as actant in the historical geography of the Russian Arctic through a Mi’kmaw lens
Статья научная
Wrangel Island is the largest island in the Russian Eastern Arctic and is now a protected place with international recognition. One of only five UNESCO world heritage sites in the Arctic, Wrangel Island is uniquely varied in its flora and fauna for an Arctic island. In this reflection piece, I use an Indigenous Mi’Kmaw cosmological approach to envision the much-storied Wrangel Island as a being and an actant in its long history, especially regarding human beings and anthropocenic activity. My approach asserts that, like plants, rocks, mountains, water, and landscapes, Wrangel Island has a unique and remarkable identity, personality, and spirit. For centuries, Wrangel Island has rebuffed human presence and it has been little affected by human activity. Today only scientists visit; no human collectivity has ever gained more than a slippery grip on the island. The tragedy is that, despite the island’s inclinations, the warming of the Russian Arctic may change this.
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Youth entrepreneurship of Republic Sakha (Yakutia): status and perspectives
Статья научная
The small Business Development of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) contributes to the state support measures: improving the regulatory framework, reducing administrative barriers, the real increase in funding. The modernization of the economy, improving the investment climate and development of innovative enterprises, the introduction of new, including energy-saving technologies, reduction of personnel shortages in the business environment will directly depend on the contribution of the younger generation of Yakutia in the economic and social development of the republic, the welfare and living standards.
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Yurak-Samoyeds: Problems of Ethnic Identification
Статья научная
The article is devoted to the poorly studied problem of the origin of the name Yuraki, which the Russians, as well as the Enets and Nganasans, called the group of the Samoed-speaking population that wandered along the northern outskirts of Western Siberia in the 17th — first half of the 20th century. On the basis of published and unpublished archival materials, information from the works of Russian and foreign scientists, as well as dictionaries of the peoples of the North, we attempted to identify the ethnic composition of the Yuraks, the boundaries of their settlement, determine the chronological framework for the emergence and existence of this name and clarify its origin. The research has resulted in a number of reasonable conclusions and assumptions. The name Yuraki appeared in the 17th century, when the tax policy of the tsarist administration in the north of Western Siberia provoked active resistance of certain groups of the nomadic Samoyed population. Russians called the Yoraks / Yuraks nomadic in the deep tundra, who did not pay a permanent tax, tundra and forest Nenets and Enets, as well as a mixed Nenets-Enets group. This name comes from the Nenets word Yor meaning "depth". By the 19th century, the Nenets of the Yenisei province began to be called Yuraks, regardless of the tax system. In the Soviet household documents of the Dolgan-Nenets National District, this name appeared until the middle of the 20th century.
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«Arctic – fund» − is the territory of the dialogue
Статья научная
In this article, according to the example with the scientificeducational project ‛Arctic Fund’ was presented the activity of the Research Library of the NArFU in the sphere of creating of a united information space, according to the main spheres, which are reflected the national interests of Russia in the Arctic.
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Аnalisys of technogenic impact on geosystems of the Еuropean Russian North
Статья научная
Methodical approaches for carrying out complex geoecological researches taking into account natural and economic peculiarities of the North are developed. The detailed characteristics of the features of the nature management modern structure and technogenic impact on the research territory are given. Preconditions for regional nature management in its historicalgeographical aspect, the structure and the dynamics of nature management at present, the negative geoecological consequences connected with them are analysed.
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Аrctic tourism: the rating of regions, the оpportunities and threats
Статья научная
Arctic and northern tourism as operational definitions are used in scientific publications more infrequently and irregularly. In practice, the tourism has become an inalienable sector of the economy; it has a multiplying effect for the development of social services, infrastructure and other sectors. The first National Tourist Rating of the 85 subjects of the Russian Federation (2015), the first rating of tourist attractiveness of the regions of the Russian Arctic contributes to the analyzes of the opportunities and threats tu tourism.
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Еcophysiological characteristic of plants communities under the bird rookery of West Spitsbergen
Статья научная
In the Arctic nature carries out its unique experiments, an example of which is the vegetation of bird colonies, where life is determined by the organic matter, which is taken out from the sea birds and is used only under the bird colonies. The absorption of nitrogen in the Arctic is limited by abiotic factors: low temperature and humidity, the slow erosion of rocks, low transpiration and the presence of permafrost. The data on the content of total nitrogen and chlorophyll in plants and lichens in communities located beneath bird colonies in the West Svalbard. The study showed that plant communities of rookeries, where the effect of one of the limiting factors of the Arctic (poor soil horizon) is reduced, give some idea of the "Green Arctic", where the current climate change is guiding it.
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Рositioning of Russia in the Arctic: problem aspects
Статья научная
The issues of the present situation in the Arctic, Arctic challenges and features of the economic development are analyzed. Basis for the development of the Arctic economy model, the need for organizational changes effective management of the Russian Federation Arctic zone are identified.
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Статья научная
Еxamination of the sources (annalistic codes, verbal folklore) not only allows us to determine the reliability of the historical texts, but also helps us to actualize the events of the past. Marfa Boretskaya’s name is well-known by the historians, but as sources indicate, the role in the foundation of the northern monasteries is grossly exaggerated.
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