Социальные и гуманитарные науки. Рубрика в журнале - Бюллетень науки и практики
Статья научная
This article examines the linguapoetic features and mythological motifs in the works of Chingiz Aitmatov. The aim of the study is to systematize key mythological images and analyze the linguapoetic units that contribute to the formation of the author's artistic worldview. The study is based on linguapoetic analysis, comparative interpretation, and lexical frequency observation, which allows us to identify dominant stylistic and semantic patterns in Aitmatov's texts. The results of the study demonstrate that Aitmatov constructs a holistic mythological model that preserves the spatiotemporal worldview of ancient Turkic culture. Central symbolic markers, such as trees, mountains, and rivers, form the basis of spatial organization and influence the narrative structure, characterization, and thematic development of the works. The study identified recurring archetypal motifs, specific linguistic markers, and the functional load of mythological components in the formation of the author's imagery. Particular attention is paid to the identified correlations between symbolic space and the transformation of characters. The reliability of the obtained results is limited by the corpus of selected works and the methodological framework of frequency analysis; however, the consistency of the data ensures a sufficient degree of validity. The results of the study can be used in literary studies, comparative mythology, cultural anthropology, and educational practice. The conclusions emphasize the central role of mythological structures as semantic and compositional dominants in Aitmatov's artistic world and suggest directions for further interdisciplinary analysis.
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Linguistic and culturological analysis of the Kyrgyz speech etiquette of greeting
Статья научная
The article studies various formulae of the Kyrgyz speech etiquette of greeting. Within the scope of this work the lexical and semantic classification of greetings is provided and lingua-culturological comments are given. Greeting speech formulae constitute meaningful components of the speech act, since its fundamental function lies in its phatic function, and initiation of the polite and benevolent behaviour during communication, as well. Speech etiquette may depend on situation and context of the act of communication, such as: participants of communication act (status, gender, age), type of communication (formal/ informal), place and time (highly honored guests; time of a day etc.), theme and goal of communication (friendly relations, happy and unhappy events, etc.). In the Kyrgyz lingua-culture greeting formulas are used in compliance with the norms of etiquette behavior. Moreover, great variety of examples of the Kyrgyz speech etiquette of greetings is studied, which is used depending on situation and other parameters of act of communication. Specific attention is given to description of greetings in the Kyrgyz language that convey national and cultural shade explicitly, which is signified by ways of establishing contact. Lingua culturological analysis of the Kyrgyz speech etiquette of greeting is evidenced by illustrative material taken from classical literary works.
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Linguocultural analysis of the eye as a symbol in English and Kyrgyz songs
Статья научная
This article presents a linguistic and cultural analysis of the symbolic meaning of the concept "eye" in English and Kyrgyz songs. The study examines cultural features in the perception and use of the eye image in the song discourse of two nations. Particular attention is given to how the eye acts as a symbol of emotions, wisdom, intuition, and social interaction. The research identifies both commonalities and unique elements in the perception of the eye, shaped by the cultural and mental characteristics of English- and Kyrgyz-speaking audiences. This work provides a deeper understanding of cultural values and symbols through a linguistic and cultural analysis of song lyrics.
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Main Means of Expressing Negation in the Kyrgyz Language
Статья научная
The category of negation in the Kyrgyz language is characterized by the sophistication of its organizational means. This is due to the fact that negation, as in other languages, is an ancient phenomenon in Kyrgyz, and also because it is characteristic of the most fundamental levels of the language - lexis and grammar. Furthermore, the breadth of functions of the studied linguistic category is also linked to the development of means for expressing negation. In the Kyrgyz language, this phenomenon is inherent in almost all significant parts of speech. However, the method of expressing negation differs in each part of speech. Since different parts of speech perform various functions in expressing negation, these means can be divided into two groups - primary and secondary - according to their function. In this article, we will focus on the primary means of organizing the category of negation in the Kyrgyz language.
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Статья научная
The article investigates the multifaceted concept of earth (zher) within the Kyrgyz linguistic worldview. The study analyzes the internal structure of this concept, its verbal realization, and the system of metaphorical features that associate the earth with the living world. Special attention is paid to the animated and anthropomorphic interpretation of earth, which reflects culturally grounded emotional, cognitive, and axiological perceptions. Based on the analysis of folklore, literary texts, and paremiological sources, 49 figurative animated features of the concept were identified, and grouped according to their semantic nature. These metaphorical representations reveal the significant role of the earth in shaping collective consciousness and preserving Kyrgyz cultural values. The study addresses the question of how the concept of earth has been actualized in language and what place it occupies in the historical development of the Kyrgyz linguistic worldview.
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Methods of Teaching English to Teenagers: How to Keep their Attention
Статья научная
This paper explores the challenges of maintaining teenagers’ attention in English language classrooms. Drawing on psychological theories and contemporary language teaching methodologies, it examines why adolescents often lose focus and proposes effective strategies to engage them. By integrating communicative, task-based, and project-based approaches with multimedia tools and gamification, teachers can create dynamic, relevant, and motivating learning environments. The study underscores that sustaining attention is essential not only for immediate engagement but also for fostering long-term language competence and learner autonomy.
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Статья научная
Present article examines the linguo-stylistic expression of the protagonist Tanabai’s personal identity in Chingiz Aitmatov’s *Farewell, Gul’sary!* based on its English translation by John French. The object of the study is the literary text of the translation, and the subject is the linguistic representation of Tanabai’s personal identity through the parallelism of his fate with that of his horse, Gul’sary. The aim of the study is to identify and analyze the lexical and figurative-metaphorical means by which the protagonist’s personal identity is expressed indirectly through the image of the horse. The methodological basis of the study is a linguistic and stylistic analysis, mainly at the lexical and stylistic levels, incorporating elements of interpretive and contextual analysis. Particular attention is paid to such techniques as symbolic metaphorization. The study found that the image of Gul’sary functions as a linguistically shaped alter ego of Tanabai: changes in the description of the horse’s movement, strength, submission, and aging simultaneously reflect the transformation of the hero’s personal identity. Gul’sary’s death is interpreted as a symbolic death of Tanabai’s true identity. The obtained results confirm that linguo-stylistic analysis of literary translation allows us to identify the underlying mechanisms of identity representation.
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Motivating Features of the Concept of Life in the Turkish Linguistic Picture of the World
Статья научная
The study examines motivating features and underlines the conceptualization of the concept of life in the Turkish linguistic picture of the world. Delving into cognitive linguistics and etymological dictionaries from different periods, it explores how the origins, from the point of view of different scholars, shape the semantic field of the concept of life in the Turkish language. The main point of this research is the essential role it plays in shaping the inner understanding of the concept of life among Turkish society, transferring its meaning and importance throughout time from the past to today. By exploring the etymological dictionaries, the study explores how the concept stayed at its origin and gained other meanings throughout time. Through this examination, the authors seek to clarify how the concept of life was formed, represented, and appreciated throughout the history of the Turkish linguistic view of the world.
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Motivating Features of the Concept ‘Sky’ in the Kyrgyz Linguistic Picture of the World
Статья научная
This paper explores the concept of sky in the Kyrgyz linguistic picture of the world. It is widely known that a concept is a multifaceted mental construct formed by a multi-layered structure. The study analyzes data from etymological dictionaries for the purpose of identifying the fundamental ideas or perceptions of the Kyrgyz mentality underlying the concept of "sky". The revealed motivating features allow us to define its initial linguistic image. Moreover, to determine the relevance of the identified motivating features, examples of their verbalization are examined, confirming their functioning in real life.
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Motivating Features of the Concepts Zhurok and Heart
Статья научная
The concept is widely known to have a multi-level structure. Emerging as a subjective pictorial image, it then acquires new conceptual layers at different historical periods. The center of the image, its inner form is actualized by motivating features of the concept. The article analyses the cognitive features of the concept Zhurok/Heart in the Kyrgyz and English pictures of the world. The aim of the article is to identify the motivating features of the concept Zhurok/Heart relying on the data of lexicographic sources (etymological dictionaries) and trace the development of the conceptual characteristics. The paper has three main tasks: 1) to analyse etymological dictionaries; 2) to determine the spectrum of motivating features of the concept under study; 3) to compare the findings in the light of the theory of mentality. The main methods in the work are historical and etymological analysis of the representation of the concept under study, and descriptive and interpretative methods. The research methodology encompasses cognitive linguistic approaches to conceptual analysis, comparative linguistics, and cultural-semantic investigation of language units across different linguistic systems. In the course of the study, five main groups of motivating features of the concept Zhurok/Heart were identified: "inside, inner", "center", "soul", "courage, bravery" and "movement". The comparative analysis reveals both universal and culturespecific characteristics of heart conceptualization in Kyrgyz and English mentalities. The findings demonstrate how etymological motivating features influence contemporary semantic structures and metaphorical expressions in both languages, contributing to cross-cultural understanding of fundamental human concepts.
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Статья научная
This article explores the use of mountains and climate as metaphors in the linguistic and cultural descriptions of the mother-in-law figure across various societies. By examining how harsh and unpredictable mountain climates are used to symbolize the perceived complexities and challenges of the mother-in-law relationship, the study highlights the role of environmental metaphors in shaping cultural attitudes and familial dynamics. The analysis draws from a range of linguistic expressions, proverbs, and cultural narratives that associate the traits of mountains and climate, such as resilience, severity, and endurance, with the character and societal role of the mother-in-law. This research underscores the interplay between language, environment, and social structures, revealing how natural landscapes and climates can influence and reflect cultural perceptions of familial relationships.
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National Image Building in the Context of Kyrgyzstan’s Soft Power Strategies
Статья научная
In today’s international relations, the influence of states is not limited to their military and economic capacities. Cultural appeal, political values and a positive image on a global scale also become determining factors in foreign policy success. In this context, the concept of “soft power” developed by Joseph Nye is increasingly gaining strategic importance, especially for developing countries. For developing countries such as Kyrgyzstan, soft power stands out as an effective tool for supporting foreign policy goals without resorting to pressure or coercion. Kyrgyzstan has a remarkable soft power potential with its rich cultural heritage and increasing international visibility. In order to activate this potential, projects focused on culture and education, diaspora activities, promotion of tourism and promotion of art and traditions play an important role. In addition, diplomatic missions not only conduct official relations; they also assume a central function in terms of public diplomacy, cultural interaction and information sharing. This study examines the social media activities of Kyrgyzstan’s embassies in strategically important countries (USA, China, Russia, Türkiye, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan) in line with Kyrgyzstan’s foreign policy priorities and regional sensitivities using descriptive content analysis. In this context, it is evaluated how digital diplomacy tools contribute to the process of building national image and supporting foreign policy goals.
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National characteristics of the Kyrgyz Republic regarding the priority of human rights and freedoms
Статья научная
This article discusses the national characteristics of the priority of political rights and freedoms of individuals and citizens in the Kyrgyz Republic. The authors examine the development of normative legislation in the Kyrgyz Republic. At the current stage, an important part of the human rights institution and its further phased development since independence are highlighted. The necessity of maintaining a balance between the priority of human rights and freedoms and national security is noted.
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Navigating anxiety through defense mechanisms: a truth perspective on human ignorance and awareness
Статья научная
In a world where the pursuit of truth is paramount, this article explores the intricate relationship between human ignorance, anxiety, and the defense mechanisms employed to cope with these existential challenges.
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Objectivity in Historiography: A Comparative Analysis of Marxist and Postmodern Approaches
Статья научная
This article analyzes the problem of objectivity in historiography in a comparative way, within the context of Marxist and postmodern approaches. The aim of the study is to determine the place, possibilities, and limitations of objectivity in the approaches of both theoretical directions to the science of history. While Marxist historiography explains objectivity through the principles of class analysis and historical materialism, the postmodern approach emphasizes the relative and constructive nature of historical knowledge. The article presents the theoretical foundations of both directions, methodological differences, and critical views on the claims of objectivity. Also, the application of these approaches is compared using a specific historical event as an example. As a result, it is determined that the concept of objectivity in historiography is controversial and variable, and Marxist and postmodern theories approach this concept from different directions.
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On the Comparative Study of the Kyrgyz Epic “Manas” and the Ancient Indian Epic “Mahabharata”
Статья научная
The heroic epic Manas, due to its grand scale and fantastically rich content, as well as its artistic perfection, figurative expressiveness, and the wealth of both verbal and visual means, holds a well-deserved place among the outstanding monuments of the world’s epic heritage. Comparative analysis of Manas with other world epics contributes to a deeper and more comprehensive understanding of its narrative and artistic features. According to researchers, in the Middle Ages, the ancestors of the Kyrgyz people were part of the Great Turkic Khaganate, which maintained cultural ties with many countries, including India. There are studies that confirm this historical connection. This article presents a comparative analysis of the great Indian epic Mahabharata (The Tale of the Great Bharata), translated by Nurgazy Kemelbaev and Kenesh Jusupov, and the work Tengir Manas in the version by Ashym Zhakypbekov. The study is aimed at identifying similarities and differences in the prose versions of these epic narratives. Examining typological parallels between the Indian epic Mahabharata and the Kyrgyz epic Manas allows for a deeper exploration of the originality of the latter, as each epic is a unique cultural monument shaped by the specific cultural, historical, and mental characteristics of its people.
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Organization of distance learning in mountain climate conditions in universities of Kyrgyzstan
Статья научная
This article examines the unique features of organizing and implementing distance learning in higher education institutions located in mountainous regions of the Kyrgyz Republic. The study focuses on the organizational and pedagogical challenges faced by universities, such as limited access to stable internet connectivity, technological infrastructure constraints, and the impact of the mountain climate on the effectiveness of online education. The article explores strategies and solutions for improving the quality of distance learning in these regions, including the use of adaptive learning technologies, specialized teacher training, and the development of flexible educational models that account for regional specificities. The findings highlight the need for tailored approaches to distance education that meet the unique demands of students and educators in mountainous areas.
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Статья научная
In recent years, the use of narcotic substances has increasingly become widespread among young people. Globally, drug addiction and substance abuse are most prevalent among minors and unsupervised children. The non-medical use of narcotic analgesics, psychotropic drugs, or any chemical substances—primarily for their sedative or stimulant effects that induce euphoria rather than for therapeutic purposes—has been identified as a major factor contributing to the development of severe dependence. In most cases, because the treatment of this condition is prolonged, the medications prescribed must be gradually tapered and discontinued. In addition to dependence-forming pharmaceutical substances, some plants contain highly potent narcotic compounds, leading to prohibitions on their large-scale cultivation. For instance, hashish, marijuana, and hemp oil Aderived from the cannabis plant are among the most commonly used addictive substances. In general, individuals who use narcotics experience rapid weight loss, impairment of normal brain function, an increased likelihood of cancer development, and abnormal behavioral changes.
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Статья научная
The article examines the processes of immigration (muhajirism) of Ossetes to the Ottoman Empire in the mid-XIX century and their subsequent internal migrations in Eastern and Central Anatolia. It evaluates the specifics of economic, social, and ethnopolitical adaptation and integration of the migrants and the construction of their own socio-cultural diasporic space in their new homeland. Particular attention is paid to the characteristics of the relationships of Ossetes with the indigenous population of the regions of settlement and with other North Caucasian muhajirs.
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Статья научная
The article explores how the relationship between part and whole is manifested in family-related concepts through metaphors and metonymies. By examining linguistic expressions in Russian and English, the study reveals the cognitive mechanisms that underpin familial relationships and how these relationships are conceptualized in the mental linguistic worldview of native speakers. The comparative analysis highlights the similarities and differences in how family concepts are constructed and understood across these two languages, offering insights into the cultural and linguistic factors that shape these representations.
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