Социальные и гуманитарные науки. Рубрика в журнале - Бюллетень науки и практики
Role of mitigating and aggravating circumstances in sentencing for crimes against minors
Статья научная
This article examines the role of mitigating and aggravating circumstances in sentencing for crimes against minors. It explores how these factors influence judicial decisions, ensuring proportionality and fairness in the punishment of offenders. The study highlights common aggravating circumstances, such as the use of violence and exploitation of trust, as well as mitigating factors, including the offender’s age, mental state, and voluntary compensation to the victim. A comparative analysis of sentencing practices in different jurisdictions reveals significant variations in the application of these factors. Recommendations are provided to enhance the consistency and effectiveness of individualized sentencing in line with international legal standards.
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Shrines and the formation of the historical topography of Bukhara
Статья научная
This article discusses various aspects related to the formation of Bukhara, including its urban composition, arch and rabad structures typical of medieval cities, the development of guzars, and the historical topography of sacred shrines. It also analyzes the involvement of these holy shrines in the establishment of guzars, their spatial relationships, and their evolution as crucial elements in the historical topography of Bukhara.
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Significance of English abbreviations in the field of dentistry
Статья научная
The article analyzes abbreviations in English used in today’s rapidly developing field of dentistry. The density and the complexity of this process determine the urgency of the problem, creating the need to resort to a careful study of abbreviations. How important it is not to make mistakes in the spelling of abbreviations; otherwise, it can lead to misunderstandings in determining the meaning of the word. In the dental profession, abbreviations are not only convenient but also essential for conveying complex information quickly. However, the article highlights the critical importance of accuracy in spelling these abbreviations. Errors in abbreviation usage can lead to misunderstandings about procedures, medications, and diagnoses, which may jeopardize patient safety. Moreover, the article discusses the implications of inconsistencies in abbreviation usage across different regions and dental practices. It explores how varying interpretations can arise from local jargon or outdated terminology, potentially creating barriers to effective communication among dental professionals.The article also suggests best practices for the adoption of standardized abbreviations within dental education and professional training. By promoting awareness and understanding of commonly used abbreviations, dental practitioners can enhance clarity in documentation, reduce the risk of errors, and foster better communication with patients and colleagues alike. Ultimately, this careful study of abbreviations serves as a foundation for improving overall efficiency and safety in dental practice.
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Similarities and differences of Kyrgyz and Kara-Kalpak epics
Статья научная
The article provides a comparative historical analysis of the similarities and differences of the epics of the Kyrgyz and Kara-Kalpak peoples, which have not been forgotten and preserved for centuries. After all, in the epics of both peoples, the way of life, spiritual and moral knowledge in the upbringing of youth, historical events, philosophical views that make up the formation of personality were formed in accordance with the awareness of the national mentality. If we consider the issue in this form, then today epics are not given such attention. Therefore, our goal, firstly, is to reveal that in the past centuries the potential of the population in continuing teaching and training was very high thanks to the best methodologies of spiritual and moral education of young people through folk epics. Secondly, in order to popularize and preserve folk epics in modern society, it is necessary to organize special courses and classes on their teaching. After all, epics contain history, ethnography, philosophy, traditional knowledge folklore of the whole people.
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Socio-demographic factors affecting women’s activity in society
Статья научная
The socio-demographic factors influencing the activity of women in the society, as well as the causes of negative consequences such as anxiety, increase in conflict, decrease in emotional stability and initiative, decrease in social activity, deterioration of the indicator of social-psychological characteristics of a person are considered in the article. At the same time, in the results of the research conducted by the author, the differentiation of indicators of social activity is presented. Any changes that take place in the society cause women to lose their almost achieved achievements, as well as cause a sharp decline in their social status. It is known that in the process of forming a person as a person, he enters into many social relationships, at the same time; he performs a number of socio-psychological roles.
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Some aspects of patriotic education of future teachers
Статья научная
The importance of patriotic education of future teachers in the education system of Kyrgyzstan is considered. For centuries, the love of the people for their homeland, the protection of their interests and unity, and respect for the heritage of their ancestors have formed the basis of patriotic feeling. In most post-Soviet countries, patriotism has become an important part of the political discourse in order to form a national and civic identity. The formation of the Kyrgyz nation - a single civic nation uniting representatives of various ethnic groups living in Kyrgyzstan, should be really strengthened in their consciousness through feelings of love for their country, pride in it, and patriotism. Formation of interest in love for the Kyrgyz land, knowledge of its ancient history is one of the main tasks of modern education. Patriotism is an essential structural and integral part of the national idea, culture and science. Fostering a sense of patriotism is very important for the future of Kyrgyzstan. Patriotic education of future teachers helps to convey national values to the younger generation. Education of patriotic youth is a living, responsible process.
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Studying Students' Models of Formation of Gender Culture in Higher Education Institutions
Статья научная
In this article, it is important to improve the pedagogical environment in higher education institutions, and to create a gender culture among students. For this, it is necessary to implement gender culture in the higher education system and develop effective mechanisms for its management. It is urgent to consider the problems of forming the gender culture of students and implement measures to shape it into a system of training future specialists. The changes taking place in modern society determine the rapidly developing culture and determine the need to improve the educational process using everything that develops advanced thinking, moral and behavioral models in students. Gender culture of students is characterized by the understanding of the concept of gender, the essence and importance of gender characteristics in the life of society, a positive personal attitude towards oneself and the society in general as a carrier of certain gender characteristics.
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Symbolism of eyes in songs inspired by mountain landscapes and climate
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This article explores the symbolism of eyes in songs inspired by mountain landscapes and climate, focusing on how visual imagery and metaphors related to eyes are used to express cultural perceptions and emotional connections with mountainous environments. By analyzing a selection of songs from various cultures, the study examines the role of eyes as a symbol of perception, observation, and insight, reflecting the influence of the harsh and majestic nature of mountains on human experience and creativity. The research highlights the common themes and unique interpretations of eye symbolism in songs that depict the challenges and beauty of life in mountain regions, offering insights into the interplay between nature, culture, and artistic expression.
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Taboos in Kyrgyz, Russian and English
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This work explores the concept of taboos, their role in society, and their variations across different cultures. Taboos are social, cultural, and religious prohibitions that regulate behavior and communication. While some taboos maintain order and preserve traditions, others may seem outdated or restrictive. The study focuses on taboos in Kyrgyz, Russian, and English, analyzing their differences and significance. In Kyrgyzstan, taboos emphasize respect for elders, family honor, and religious beliefs. In Russia, many taboos are linked to superstition and politics, while in Great Britain, they are mostly related to politeness and personal boundaries. The paper also discusses the evolution of taboos, highlighting how societal changes influence their relevance. The analysis concludes that while taboos play an important role in shaping cultural identity, they should be reconsidered when they limit personal freedom or hinder progress. Understanding taboos helps improve cross-cultural communication and promotes tolerance.
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Статья научная
Slang words of the Kyrgyz language give the work a special flavor that attracts the reader, and tell about their application in practice. It contained information about whether jargon is a separate society or a language of a separate world. Thus, the slang was divided into separate groups, and it was also noted that the slang used by the first group was completely incomprehensible to the second group. With the help of works that use slang words, it is possible to properly educate students both pedagogically, psychologically, and socially. We mentioned that comparing the life in this job with the life we live might encourage him to choose what he needs.
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Статья научная
From the late 19th century through the 20th century, China's higher education underwent significant transformations shaped largely by Western educational thought and the Soviet educational model. At the close of the 19th century, the introduction of Western educational practices began shifting China's educational system away from the traditional imperial examination system. In the early to mid-20th century, particularly during the 1950s following the establishment of the People's Republic of China, the Soviet educational model exerted profound influence on the structure and direction of Chinese higher education. This study investigates the Soviet Union’s impact on the Chinese higher education system by analyzing the historical evolution of educational concepts in China. It specifically addresses the methods by which the Soviet model was introduced, adapted, and integrated into China's unique socio-cultural environment. Findings suggest that the Soviet educational framework significantly accelerated the modernization of Chinese higher education and facilitated the development of substantial technical, engineering, and scientific expertise. However, the implementation of this model also encountered practical challenges, necessitating adjustments tailored to China's specific circumstances. The paper further explores aspects of the educational system, curriculum design, and pedagogical methods introduced from the Soviet Union. It critically evaluates the model's effectiveness, adaptability, and limitations, ultimately proposing recommendations for the continued evolution and improvement of China's higher education.
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Статья научная
Examines the complex interaction between the fundamental human right to freedom of movement and the imperatives of national security. By analyzing the evolution of legal doctrine and case law through the lens of both international and national legal frameworks, the paper highlights how states attempt to balance individual liberties with collective security needs. Drawing on the works of Burke-White, Zamir, Bozeman, and others, the study identifies the strategic correlation between human rights protection and national security governance. Particular attention is paid to the European Convention on Human Rights and its jurisprudence, the dilemmas of secrecy and transparency, and the modern challenges posed by terrorism and transnational threats. The article also addresses the role of national human rights institutions in promoting democratic values and good governance. The study concludes that ensuring freedom of movement while safeguarding national security requires flexible legal mechanisms and continuous recalibration of the balance between individual freedoms and state interests in light of new global security challenges.
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Статья научная
This article examines the functional-semantic field of household utensils in Kyrgyz and Russian linguistic cultures through a comparative ethnolinguistic approach. Drawing upon lexicographic sources, idiomatic expressions, proverbs, and everyday speech, the study identifies core lexical units and their culturally marked connotations in both languages. The analysis reveals that, while many household terms in Kyrgyz and Russian denote similar physical objects, they differ significantly in their symbolic functions, metaphoric usage, and conceptual associations. In the Kyrgyz tradition, many terms carry gendered and ritual meanings rooted in nomadic life, whereas in Russian, the semantic field is shaped by settled domesticity and Orthodox-Christian values. The article highlights how language reflects culturally specific views of space, labor, and social roles, and demonstrates the potential of semantic fields to serve as mirrors of worldview. The findings contribute to the broader field of cross-cultural semantics and offer practical insights for translators, ethnographers, and language educators.
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The Importance of Competence Building Through Integrated Mathematics Education
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This article examines the importance of integrated mathematics education in the formation of professional competencies of future teachers. The study focuses on updating the content of education, developing students' critical thinking, research and practical skills. The effectiveness of using STEM and CLIL technologies in the teaching process is shown, and the role of interdisciplinary connections and practice-oriented tasks in shaping the ability to use knowledge in real life is revealed. The article provides theoretical foundations, methodological approaches and practical examples of integration lessons. The results of the study emphasize the importance of developing mathematical and functional literacy, increasing motivation to learn, and developing students' creative and research abilities. In addition, integrated learning has been proven to promote the development of digital, creative, social, and leadership skills. This approach activates the learning process, increases.
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The Importance of Inclusive Education in the New World
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The importance of inclusive education is the subject of this article. Inclusive education is an educational process and program created for children who cannot exist in society, suffer from the lack of opportunities in education, and who are excluded by society. This educational program requires states to develop appropriate educational strategies for all children of learning age in their countries, to implement these strategies in a planned manner, and to monitor their results. An environment conducive to inclusive learning nurtures and educates all children regardless of gender, physical, intellectual, social, emotional, linguistic and other characteristics.
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Статья научная
This article examines the impact of international legal norms on the regulation of labor migration in the Kyrgyz Republic. It explores how international treaties, conventions, and best practices influence national migration policies and legal frameworks. The study employs a comparative analysis of domestic legislation and international standards, identifying both opportunities and challenges in harmonizing these norms with local regulatory practices. The findings highlight that while the adoption of international legal principles has enhanced the effectiveness and transparency of labor migration regulation, significant obstacles remain in the implementation process due to structural and administrative constraints. The article concludes with recommendations for policymakers aimed at further aligning domestic practices with global legal standards, thereby improving the overall governance of labor migration in the region.
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The Place of Libraries in the History of the Islamic World
Статья научная
Libraries in the Islamic world were considered, first of all, an important place for preserving the Quran and Hadith and transmitting them perfectly to future generations. Later, they served as the basis for the emergence of large scientific institutions. Gradually, these scientific institutions turned into large academies that promoted and researched both religious and secular knowledge. Book treasures also played a significant role in the emergence of scientific institutions such as "Bayt ul-Hikma" and "Ma'mun Academy".
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The Role of Innovative Diversification in Ensuring Sustainable Business Development
Статья научная
In a rapidly changing economic environment, innovative diversification plays a crucial role in ensuring the sustainable development of companies. This article examines the impact of diversification strategies based on innovation on long-term corporate stability, competitiveness, and financial performance. The study explores different types of innovative diversification, including product, technological, and market diversification, and their role in mitigating external risks. Through the analysis of successful case studies, the article highlights key factors that contribute to the effective implementation of innovation-driven diversification strategies. The findings suggest that companies that integrate innovation into their diversification efforts achieve higher adaptability, increased market resilience, and long-term financial sustainability.
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The Sovietization of Azerbaijan: historical perspective
Статья научная
The Sovietization of Azerbaijan, spanning from the early 1920s to the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, was a transformative period that significantly impacted the country's political, social, economic, and cultural landscape. This paper explores the multifaceted process of Sovietization and its enduring legacy on Azerbaijan's development. Politically, Sovietization entailed the establishment of authoritarian rule, characterized by one-party dominance and the suppression of political dissent. Socially, it led to both advancements in education and healthcare and the suppression of cultural and religious freedoms, contributing to tensions within Azerbaijani society. Economically, Sovietization fostered the development of heavy industry and infrastructure but also resulted in environmental degradation and economic inefficiencies. Understanding the complexities of Sovietization is crucial for comprehending contemporary Azerbaijani realities and ongoing efforts towards political reform, economic development, and social progress.
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Creativity is a complex, multilayered concept that includes the interaction of various factors such as inner personality traits, cognitive processes, emotional states, and the external environment. In the Chinese context, creativity plays an important role in shaping innovative thinking and cultural identity. Thanks to the use of psychological mechanisms of creativity, art education in China has reached significant development, becoming a tool for unlocking and cultivating students' creative potential. Thus, the system of art education in China today serves not only as a means of professional training but also as a tool for shaping a new generation of creators capable of original thinking and offering innovative solutions for the modern world.
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