Социальные и гуманитарные науки. Рубрика в журнале - Бюллетень науки и практики
National characteristics of the Kyrgyz Republic regarding the priority of human rights and freedoms
Статья научная
This article discusses the national characteristics of the priority of political rights and freedoms of individuals and citizens in the Kyrgyz Republic. The authors examine the development of normative legislation in the Kyrgyz Republic. At the current stage, an important part of the human rights institution and its further phased development since independence are highlighted. The necessity of maintaining a balance between the priority of human rights and freedoms and national security is noted.
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Navigating anxiety through defense mechanisms: a truth perspective on human ignorance and awareness
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In a world where the pursuit of truth is paramount, this article explores the intricate relationship between human ignorance, anxiety, and the defense mechanisms employed to cope with these existential challenges.
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Objectivity in Historiography: A Comparative Analysis of Marxist and Postmodern Approaches
Статья научная
This article analyzes the problem of objectivity in historiography in a comparative way, within the context of Marxist and postmodern approaches. The aim of the study is to determine the place, possibilities, and limitations of objectivity in the approaches of both theoretical directions to the science of history. While Marxist historiography explains objectivity through the principles of class analysis and historical materialism, the postmodern approach emphasizes the relative and constructive nature of historical knowledge. The article presents the theoretical foundations of both directions, methodological differences, and critical views on the claims of objectivity. Also, the application of these approaches is compared using a specific historical event as an example. As a result, it is determined that the concept of objectivity in historiography is controversial and variable, and Marxist and postmodern theories approach this concept from different directions.
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On the Comparative Study of the Kyrgyz Epic “Manas” and the Ancient Indian Epic “Mahabharata”
Статья научная
The heroic epic Manas, due to its grand scale and fantastically rich content, as well as its artistic perfection, figurative expressiveness, and the wealth of both verbal and visual means, holds a well-deserved place among the outstanding monuments of the world’s epic heritage. Comparative analysis of Manas with other world epics contributes to a deeper and more comprehensive understanding of its narrative and artistic features. According to researchers, in the Middle Ages, the ancestors of the Kyrgyz people were part of the Great Turkic Khaganate, which maintained cultural ties with many countries, including India. There are studies that confirm this historical connection. This article presents a comparative analysis of the great Indian epic Mahabharata (The Tale of the Great Bharata), translated by Nurgazy Kemelbaev and Kenesh Jusupov, and the work Tengir Manas in the version by Ashym Zhakypbekov. The study is aimed at identifying similarities and differences in the prose versions of these epic narratives. Examining typological parallels between the Indian epic Mahabharata and the Kyrgyz epic Manas allows for a deeper exploration of the originality of the latter, as each epic is a unique cultural monument shaped by the specific cultural, historical, and mental characteristics of its people.
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Organization of distance learning in mountain climate conditions in universities of Kyrgyzstan
Статья научная
This article examines the unique features of organizing and implementing distance learning in higher education institutions located in mountainous regions of the Kyrgyz Republic. The study focuses on the organizational and pedagogical challenges faced by universities, such as limited access to stable internet connectivity, technological infrastructure constraints, and the impact of the mountain climate on the effectiveness of online education. The article explores strategies and solutions for improving the quality of distance learning in these regions, including the use of adaptive learning technologies, specialized teacher training, and the development of flexible educational models that account for regional specificities. The findings highlight the need for tailored approaches to distance education that meet the unique demands of students and educators in mountainous areas.
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Organization of the Health Care System in Surkhandarya District During the Soviet Era
Статья научная
This thesis analyzes the stages of the organization and development of the healthcare system in Surkhandarya district during the Soviet era based on archival documents, statistical data, and scientific literature. The study covers the opening of the first medical institutions in the district, measures to combat infectious diseases, the activities of doctors and paramedical staff, and existing problems — a shortage of qualified personnel, poor material and technical base, and shortcomings in providing medical services to the local population.
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Статья научная
In recent years, the use of narcotic substances has increasingly become widespread among young people. Globally, drug addiction and substance abuse are most prevalent among minors and unsupervised children. The non-medical use of narcotic analgesics, psychotropic drugs, or any chemical substances—primarily for their sedative or stimulant effects that induce euphoria rather than for therapeutic purposes—has been identified as a major factor contributing to the development of severe dependence. In most cases, because the treatment of this condition is prolonged, the medications prescribed must be gradually tapered and discontinued. In addition to dependence-forming pharmaceutical substances, some plants contain highly potent narcotic compounds, leading to prohibitions on their large-scale cultivation. For instance, hashish, marijuana, and hemp oil Aderived from the cannabis plant are among the most commonly used addictive substances. In general, individuals who use narcotics experience rapid weight loss, impairment of normal brain function, an increased likelihood of cancer development, and abnormal behavioral changes.
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Статья научная
The article examines the processes of immigration (muhajirism) of Ossetes to the Ottoman Empire in the mid-XIX century and their subsequent internal migrations in Eastern and Central Anatolia. It evaluates the specifics of economic, social, and ethnopolitical adaptation and integration of the migrants and the construction of their own socio-cultural diasporic space in their new homeland. Particular attention is paid to the characteristics of the relationships of Ossetes with the indigenous population of the regions of settlement and with other North Caucasian muhajirs.
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Статья научная
The article explores how the relationship between part and whole is manifested in family-related concepts through metaphors and metonymies. By examining linguistic expressions in Russian and English, the study reveals the cognitive mechanisms that underpin familial relationships and how these relationships are conceptualized in the mental linguistic worldview of native speakers. The comparative analysis highlights the similarities and differences in how family concepts are constructed and understood across these two languages, offering insights into the cultural and linguistic factors that shape these representations.
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Статья научная
The article examines the goals, objectives, and content of the pedagogical assessment of children conducted by admissions and selection committees at special schools for children with intellectual disabilities. It analyzes key areas of child assessment, the role of pedagogical assessment in determining educational paths, and the importance of a comprehensive approach when making decisions regarding placement in a special educational institution. Attention is paid to the study of cognitive activity. The assessment of learning activity plays a significant role, as commission members analyze the development of reading, writing, and arithmetic skills, as well as the ability to comprehend instructions, complete tasks based on a model, and independently organize activity. Special diagnostic tasks are widely used to assess academic skills and cognitive processes. An examination of school records, teacher evaluations, and prior academic performance serves as an important source of information. Through this pedagogical assessment, specialists are able to determine a child's current level of development and forecast prospects for future education and social adaptation.
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Pedagogical Opportunities of Teaching Mathematics Through Digital Platforms
Статья научная
This article examines the pedagogical opportunities of teaching mathematics through digital platforms and their role in the modern educational system. In the context of the information society, the digitalization of the educational process has become one of the most pressing challenges. The integration of digital technologies, particularly in teaching subjects that require logical reasoning, analytical thinking, and problem-solving skills, such as mathematics, significantly enhances the effectiveness of the learning process. The paper explores the theoretical foundations of the use of digital educational platforms and highlights their importance in the modernization of education. Digital platforms enable the presentation of educational materials in an interactive format, allowing students to better understand mathematical concepts through visualization and dynamic representation. In addition, these platforms increase students’ motivation and engagement, while supporting the development of independent learning, analytical thinking, and research competencies. The study analyzes the potential of using interactive teaching methods, multimedia resources, online assignments, and automated assessment systems in mathematics education. Furthermore, special attention is given to the impact of digital platforms on students’ motivation, learning outcomes, and the individualization of the educational process.
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Personal Freedom and Emotional Well-Being in the Era of Digital Communication
Статья научная
The rapid development of digital communication technologies has fundamentally transformed interpersonal relationships, creating new opportunities for self-expression, social interaction, and personal development while simultaneously generating challenges related to autonomy, privacy, emotional well-being, and psychological resilience. This study examines the relationship between personal freedom and emotional well-being in the context of contemporary digital communication. The paper analyzes philosophical approaches to the concept of freedom, psychological theories of subjective well-being, and the influence of digital environments on interpersonal interactions. Particular attention is given to the impact of social media, virtual communication, information overload, and digital dependence on individuals' perceptions of autonomy, emotional stability, and life satisfaction. The study argues that genuine personal freedom in the digital era requires not only unrestricted access to communication technologies but also the capacity for conscious decision-making, critical thinking, digital self-regulation, and responsible interpersonal interaction. The findings contribute to a better understanding of the interdependence between freedom and emotional well-being and may serve as a theoretical foundation for further interdisciplinary research in philosophy, psychology, communication studies, and digital society.
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Perspective planning of modern education: strategic approaches and development trends
Статья научная
The article analyses the main priority areas and challenges, drawing on international research in the field of long-term educational planning. Key planning components are also commented on in the context of digital transformation, inclusion, teacher training and assessment systems. The article analyzes the principles of strategic planning in education at the international level and conducts a comparative study of the experience of countries such as Finland, Singapore and Azerbaijan. The purpose of the study is to analyze successful strategies of various countries and propose models and approaches that can be applied in Azerbaijani education. The article also analyzes the methodologies and strategic approaches used to improve the process of long-term planning in the higher education system of Azerbaijan. Modern methods and approaches used for proper planning of the future development of higher education institutions were also considered. The article analyzed strategic approaches and trends in the development of long-term planning in the modern education system; the study used both qualitative and quantitative methods.
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Practical Needs’ Analysis of Some Bilingual Students
Статья научная
This report diagrams an ESP (English for Particular Purposes) course outlined for pre-service Agronomy understudies at a legislative college. The understudies, matured 20-25, have halfway English capability stemming from shifted learning foundations. The ESP course addresses a basic require: preparing future agronomists with the dialect abilities fundamental to communicate successfully with worldwide accomplices in regions such as innovation procurement, natural item obtainment, and universal exchange of agrarian items. The course centers on pertinent phrasing, comprehension of specialized documentation, and creating communication aptitudes through needs-based exercises like role-playing and expressive assignments. A course in cross-cultural nursing served as a demonstrate for coordination comprehensive aptitude advancement with context-based materials, which is able serve as a foundation for viable and compelling communication within the worldwide agrarian division.
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Principles of Teaching Environmental Education in Senior Secondary Schools
Статья научная
This article examines the essence of modern ecology, the goals and objectives of its teaching, the development of environmental education, and its principles. It emphasizes the importance of fostering a healthy attitude toward the environment and adhering to the principles of efficient use of natural resources. The main goal of this work is to contribute to the development of an environmental education program that will shape the younger generation, which plays a vital role in environmental protection and ensuring ecological balance. The article also examines the development of a positive attitude toward the environment and adherence to the principles of rational use of natural resources. At the same time, it focuses on the urgency of finding new approaches to education in the modern era, amidst the environmental crisis. The role of environmental education in the sustainable development of society, the development of environmental awareness, and a heightened sense of responsibility is analyzed in detail. The article emphasizes the importance of instilling environmental awareness from an early age and notes the need for comprehensive and targeted approaches in the education system in this direction. At the same time, the possibilities of studying and applying environmental education models based on international experience are considered. The importance of the unity of education, awareness-raising, and practical activities to achieve effective results in the field of environmental protection is emphasized. It is also noted that environmental education should not be limited to theoretical knowledge alone but should be supported by practical activities. Engaging students in environmental projects and encouraging their participation in initiatives aimed at protecting nature has a positive impact on the development of their environmental worldview. At the same time, strengthening teacher training and the use of modern teaching methods and technologies are considered important factors in improving the quality of environmental education.
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Статья научная
The development of sustainable learning motivation in primary school learners is a crucial factor in their academic success and personal growth. This article examines the psychological and pedagogical conditions that contribute to the formation of stable motivation, including the role of emotional engagement, teacher-student interaction, and the application of innovative teaching methods. The study is based on theoretical analysis and empirical research, incorporating the views of prominent scholars in the field. The findings highlight the importance of a supportive educational environment and differentiated instruction in fostering long-term motivation.
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Статья научная
This article examines the development of agricultural cooperation in Kyrgyzstan and the prerequisites for its formation, which is highly relevant to the country's socioeconomic development. Financing options for agriculture are analyzed. This will result in the development of agricultural cooperatives in the country, aimed at creating favorable conditions for their effective operation, improving financial and credit support for cooperative forms of management, organizing rural infrastructure, introducing elements of cooperative management in agriculture, and developing a system of scientific, informational, and advisory support for cooperatives. The development of individual entrepreneurship contributes to the formation of a class of small and medium-sized owners as the basis for stability in the country's economy, politics, and social sphere. For this to be achieved, positive changes are needed in the ratio of the growth in the number of small businesses to their contribution to GDP.
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Role of Digital Educational Platforms in Developing Interdisciplinary Links in Mathematics Teaching
Статья научная
In mathematical education programs, the importance of providing high-quality knowledge and its role in society are becoming increasingly significant each year. Preparing future generations to meet the demands of the modern era-to be knowledgeable, competent, and digitally literate professionals who have a comprehensive command of their field-is one of the primary responsibilities of today’s educators. Without a solid foundation in mathematics, it is impossible to substantiate one’s education in any discipline. The development of mathematical thinking shapes logical and analytical abilities and fosters certain intellectual skills. In addition, learning mathematics contributes to the aesthetic development of an individual. For students to achieve success in any field of knowledge, it is essential that they are able to apply the theoretical knowledge acquired at school to other scientific areas in a practical and effective way. The article discusses the role and significance of information technologies in teaching mathematics in connection with natural science disciplines. The effective use of digital tools by teachers in the classroom is one of the key factors in improving the quality of education. Today, the rapid advancement of new technologies is impacting all spheres of life, including education. Therefore, a modern teacher must employ innovative teaching methods by integrating information technologies into the educational process. The article also examines the importance of interdisciplinary connections and ways to enhance them in contemporary teaching practice.
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Role of mitigating and aggravating circumstances in sentencing for crimes against minors
Статья научная
This article examines the role of mitigating and aggravating circumstances in sentencing for crimes against minors. It explores how these factors influence judicial decisions, ensuring proportionality and fairness in the punishment of offenders. The study highlights common aggravating circumstances, such as the use of violence and exploitation of trust, as well as mitigating factors, including the offender’s age, mental state, and voluntary compensation to the victim. A comparative analysis of sentencing practices in different jurisdictions reveals significant variations in the application of these factors. Recommendations are provided to enhance the consistency and effectiveness of individualized sentencing in line with international legal standards.
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Статья научная
This article examines the educational significance and linguopoetic features of Chyngyz Aitmatov’s novel “The day lasts more than a hundred years”. Focuses on using literary texts as a means of engaging students in research activities. The main aim of the study is to enhance students’ intellectual development, foster interest in literature, expand and update subject knowledge, and cultivate independence and creative problem-solving skills. To achieve these goals, students analyze literary works, identify character prototypes, and examine the artistic techniques and devices employed by the author. As an example, Chyngyz Aitmatov’s novel “The day lasts more than a hundred years” is explored, where students investigate the traits of the main characters, compare them with historical and cultural prototypes, and analyze literary techniques and symbolism. The research methods include active reading, text analysis, group discussions and the preparation of reports and presentations, which promote critical thinking, research competence, and the ability to work independently. Students are encouraged to synthesize their findings, discuss interpretations with peers, and reflect on the cultural and ethical significance of the text. This approach supports collaborative learning, effective communication, and the development of intellectual curiosity. The results indicate that integrating research assignments into literature study enhances student motivation, deepens understanding of the literary text, strengthens analytical and interpretive skills, and fosters appreciation of cultural heritage and traditional knowledge. The conclusions drawn from this study highlight the value of combining literary analysis with research-oriented activities. The approach described in this article can be recommended for inclusion in humanities curricula, where the integration of analytical work, research skills, and creative reflection is essential for developing well-rounded, competent, and culturally aware learners. The relevance of this research is defined by the fact that the mythological dimension of Chyngyz Aitmatov’s works remains a topic of continuing scholarly interest, despite the longstanding critical attention his creative legacy has received.
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