Социальные и гуманитарные науки. Рубрика в журнале - Бюллетень науки и практики
Статья научная
This article examines the integration of human rights, particularly the right to freedom of movement, within Kazakhstan’s framework for ensuring law and order. The study explores how constitutional guarantees and legislative reforms interact with administrative practices to balance individual liberties and public security. It analyzes the evolution of legal instruments, including the Kazakh Constitution and the Law on Migration, alongside international human rights norms, to assess their role in promoting both free movement and societal stability. The research highlights the challenges and opportunities that arise from aligning human rights protection with the imperatives of law enforcement and public order. By comparing Kazakhstan’s legal framework with those of other jurisdictions, the article demonstrates that effective integration of freedom of movement into law-and-order systems is essential for fostering sustainable development, social cohesion, and international credibility. The findings emphasize the need for continued legal reform and administrative improvements to resolve conflicts between individual mobility and state security, thereby ensuring that the protection of human rights serves as a catalyst for a stable and progressive society.
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The issue of personnel in Uzbekistan’s healthcare system (Surkhandarya region, 1940s-1950s)
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After the Second World War, Uzbekistan had problems with the lack of personnel in many sectors of the national economy. In particular, there is a shortage of medical personnel, especially doctors were clearly noticeable. According to the number of medical workers per person in the republic, Surkhandarya region was at the last place. Due to the remoteness of the region from the center and the lack of educational institutions in the field of medicine, the need for medical workers of the oasis was mainly met at the expense of workers from other regions. In this article, on the example of the Surkhandarya region in the 1950s, the activities of personnel in the field of medicine in Uzbekistan, problems related to personnel in the field were studied and analyzed.
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The method of determining children’s suitability for sports
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The physical education of children has always been a focus of attention for both Azerbaijani and global scholars. Prominent thinkers such as Nizami Ganjavi, Mahammad Fuzuli, Hasan bay Zardabi, Maragali Avhadi, Plato, Aristotle, John Amos Comenius, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Peter Lesgaft, and others have structured children's education and upbringing based on age groups. According to the renowned intellectual Hasan bay Zardabi, physical education plays a crucial role in successfully implementing intellectual and moral development. P.F. Lesgaft regarded physical education as one of the primary tools for shaping willpower, character, moral upbringing, intellectual ability, physical activity, and aesthetic appreciation. To improve these qualities, children have historically been divided into age groups. The division of children into age groups during the educational process has been approached differently by various scholars. The prominent Azerbaijani poet and philosopher Maragali Avhadi, when discussing physical education, proposed physical exercises and games suited to children’s age periods. This idea of aligning physical education with age-specific characteristics should be regarded as a significant development for its time. At the age of 7-8, as the bones are still developing and approaching the structure of adult bones, sports that require frequent jumping and agility, such as basketball, handball, and long jump, are recommended. This is because during this stage, the skeletal system is undergoing significant changes, and engaging in such activities helps in promoting bone strength and overall physical development. During the age period of 8-12, the development of all organs and systems in children and adolescents continues. The ossification of bones and the development of muscles accelerate, and by the page of 12, the bones no longer differ from those of an adult. In this stage, sports that require agility, flexibility, reaction time, attention, and psychological endurance, such as judo, soccer, table tennis, and badminton, can be recommended as suitable sports for children. These sports help develop physical and mental skills essential for further growth and development.
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The role of artificial intelligence in organizing students' Independent work
Статья научная
Artificial intelligence (AI) plays an increasingly important role in the transformation of educational processes. This article investigates the impact of AI technologies on the organization of students' independent work. Key benefits of AI applications, such as individualizing learning trajectories, providing quality feedback, and increasing the availability of educational resources, are discussed. The existing limitations are analyzed, including the risks of data loss and the need to train the participants of the process to work with new technologies. On the basis of the analysis, the prospects for further implementation of AI in the educational environment are identified. The work can be useful for researchers, teachers and developers of educational technologies.
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The role of ethnopedagogy in shaping students’ moral values in the process of learning English
Статья научная
This article explores the significance of ethnopedagogy in fostering moral values among students while learning English. It examines how national traditions, folklore, and ethical concepts embedded in the cultural heritage can be effectively integrated into English language teaching. The study highlights methods and approaches that enhance students’ moral consciousness, ethical responsibility, and intercultural competence. Special attention is given to the comparative analysis of moral values in English-speaking and native cultural contexts, demonstrating the pedagogical potential of ethnopedagogical principles in language education.
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The role of kinesics in the formation of idiomatic expressions in Russian and English
Статья научная
The article explores the influence of kinesic phenomena, such as gestures and body movements, on the development of idiomatic expressions in both languages. It examines how culturally specific gestures and physical actions are verbalized and incorporated into idiomatic phrases, reflecting the unique cultural perceptions and communicative practices of Russian and English speakers. By conducting a comparative linguistic analysis, the study identifies similarities and differences in the way kinesics is integrated into idiomatic expressions, highlighting the role of nonverbal communication in language formation and its impact on the semantic richness of idioms. The findings of this research underscore the importance of understanding the cultural and linguistic contexts in which idiomatic expressions are used, offering insights for translators, linguists, and intercultural communication specialists.
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The role of linguistic devices in shaping characters’ personalities in the works of Aitmatov
Статья научная
This article explores the critical role of linguistic devices in shaping the personalities of characters in the works of Chingiz Aitmatov. It investigates how Aitmatov employs a range of stylistic elements-such as lexical choices, syntactic structures, metaphors, symbolism, and imagery-to construct multi-dimensional character portrayals that resonate with emotional and cultural depth. The study demonstrates that these linguistic means not only mirror the socio-cultural context in which Aitmatov wrote but also serve as essential tools for conveying the internal life, moral dilemmas, and psychological intricacies of his characters. By analyzing specific examples from Aitmatov's oeuvre, the article highlights the interplay between language and character development, offering insights into how literary language can enhance narrative realism and engage readers on a profound level.
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Статья научная
The article explores how mountainous environments influence the linguistic and cultural expression of kinesic phenomena and polysemes, such as "head/баш." The study examines the interplay between physical environment, body language, and metaphorical language, analyzing how mountain climates shape the conceptualization and verbalization of movements and polysemous terms in these three languages. Through comparative analysis, the article highlights both universal and culture-specific ways that mountainous climates impact linguistic structures, offering insights into the broader relationship between environment, language, and cognition.
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The significance of media literacy in societal development
Статья научная
This article analyzes the significance of media competency in societal development, its function within the educational framework, and its characteristics in the context of globalization. The directions for the establishment of media literacy are explored based on both international and domestic experiences. The essay underscores the significance of incorporating digital technology into education, enhancing international collaboration, and fostering critical thinking and creativity among students.
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Статья научная
Examines the stylistic role of prepositions in Chingiz Aitmatov's novella Jamila and how they are adapted in translations into Kyrgyz and English. The study analyzes the linguistic and cultural nuances conveyed through prepositions in the original Russian text, exploring how these elements are preserved or transformed in translation. Special attention is given to the semantic, syntactic, and stylistic shifts that occur during the translation process. The research highlights the challenges translators face when conveying subtle emotional and cultural meanings tied to prepositions, offering insights into cross-linguistic equivalence and adaptation.
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Статья научная
This article explores the symbolism of gaze in family relationships through the lens of the concepts of “EYE” and “FAMILY” in Russian and English languages. It analyzes metaphorical and phraseological expressions where the gaze conveys care, control, trust, and emotional connection within the family. Special attention is given to cultural similarities and differences in the representation of these concepts, as well as their reflection in proverbs, literary texts, and media discourse. The study demonstrates that the gaze in a family context serves as a symbol of love, understanding, guidance, and generational continuity.
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Статья научная
The article examines the theoretical and legal foundations underlying the right to freedom of movement in the Republic of Kazakhstan and its role as a catalyst for sustainable development. In the context of globalization and rapid socio-economic changes, freedom of movement is recognized as a fundamental human right and a key factor in economic, social and political stability. The article analyzes constitutional provisions, national legislation and international legal instruments that establish and protect this right. It discusses current challenges in ensuring a balance between individual freedoms and public security and outlines prospects for legal reforms aimed at strengthening the legal framework to support both human rights and sustainable development. The results highlight the interdependence between robust legal protection of freedom of movement and the long-term development goals of the state.
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Статья научная
The article is relevant by the dictionary "Divanu lugati t-turk" by Mahmut Kashkari and comparison with the modern Kyrgyz word-forming suffixes provide valuable facts for the history of Turkic languages, including the Kyrgyz language. The main goal of the article is to identify verb forms that are not registered by the author in the dictionary, to compare them with facts in the modern Kyrgyz language, and to identify changes in their lexical-grammatical meanings. The object of investigation is the Uzbek and Kyrgyz translations of M. Kashkari's dictionary. The research was carried out on the basis of the historical-comparative method. As a result, verb-formative suffixes not registered by the author in M. Kashkari's dictionary were divided into two groups and investigated, and the level of their use in the modern Kyrgyz language and in some cases in related languages was determined: whether they became productive or unproductive members, changed or not. The results obtained from the research will be material for the history of the Kyrgyz language, historical lexicology, and a comparative study of the morphological formation of words in Turkic languages.
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Статья научная
This article examines the theoretical and legal foundations for the protection of environmental rights as integral components of political rights in the Kyrgyz Republic. It explores the evolution of environmental rights within the broader framework of human rights and political freedoms, highlighting their significance in the context of sustainable development and democratic governance. The study analyzes the existing legal frameworks, including constitutional provisions and international agreements, that support the recognition and enforcement of environmental rights in Kyrgyzstan. It also addresses the challenges and opportunities in integrating environmental rights into the political rights discourse, emphasizing the role of civic engagement, public policy, and legal reforms. The findings underscore the importance of strengthening legal mechanisms to ensure the effective protection of environmental rights as fundamental political rights, contributing to the overall enhancement of environmental governance in the Kyrgyz Republic.
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Totem beliefs in livestock farming in the southwest of the Fergana valley
Статья научная
Based on the totem beliefs of the Kyrgyz people, various beliefs and rituals are determined. Most of them adhere to the Islamic religion, bones, wool, color of livestock and dairy products, items used to keep pets, are considered sacred. The scientific novelty of this article is that the information about totemic beliefs in livestock of the Kyrgyz in the southwest of the Ferghana Valley was summarized and presented in full for the first time on a scientific basis. The article aims to determine the characteristics of totemic beliefs in Kyrgyz livestock in the southwest of the Fergana Valley. The study is based on the ceremony dedicated to Zengi Baba and Akyika is a single important ritual that combines totemic faith and the principles of Islam. The remnants of totemic beliefs in livestock were syncretized with pre-Islamic beliefs and Islam, and were regularly used in everyday life among the people. Most of the totemic belief remnants lost their original meaning under the influence of Islam, some merged with it and are entirely used in the traditional culture of the Kyrgyz.
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Towards the analysis of paleoanthropological finds from the Selungur cave
Статья научная
This study focuses on the paleoanthropological analysis of odontological materials recovered from the Selungur Cave site, which dates to the Upper Paleolithic period in Central Asia. The scientific interpretation of both archaeological artifacts (lithic assemblages) and organic remains from this site remains a subject of debate. In particular, the taxonomic classification of ancient human teeth recovered from the cultural layers of Selungur Cave has been contentious, leading to unresolved discussions regarding their attribution to a specific hominin group. However, recent morphological analyses conducted by the eminent anthropologist, Professor A. Zubov, have provided critical insights into this issue. Comparative odontological assessments indicate that the dental remains from Selungur Cave exhibit morphological affinities with archaic hominins, particularly Asian Homo erectus, thereby offering a more definitive classification of these remains.
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Статья научная
Mark Twain’s “The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn” stands as a cornerstone in American literature, primarily due to its distinct and innovative writing style. Twain’s use of vernacular, his conversational tone, and his vivid portrayal of emotions allow readers to connect deeply with the characters and the cultural context of the novel. This article explores Twain’s unique writing style, emphasizing his use of colloquial language, its emotional resonance, and the effect it has on character development and narrative. By analyzing Twain’s style, we understand how his linguistic techniques both reflected and influenced the cultural landscape of 19th-century America.
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Using visual aids in chemistry lessons important issues of the rules
Статья научная
Visualization should be given priority in lessons for comprehensive mastery of chemistry, and theory should be applied to practice. When visual aids are used, the lesson becomes interesting and memorable. Therefore, students acquire comprehensive knowledge and skills. Also, it is the duty of all chemistry teachers to teach students all the properties of chemicals and how to properly handle them.
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Статья научная
Рассматриваются основные этапы жизни, особенности мировоззрения и художественно-публицистического творчества В.Г. Богораза (литературный псевдоним – Тан), 1865-1936. Его деятельность можно условно разделить на три крупные сферы: научно- профессиональную, политико-публицистическую и литературно-художественную, писательскую. Обращается внимание на то, что, в отличие от научных заслуг Богораза-Тана, получивших признание в России и за рубежом, его творческое наследие сегодня малоизвестно, не вполне изучен и вклад в область политики и публицистики. Цель статьи – выявление специфики литературно-творческого наследия Богораза-Тана, объяснение причин его недооцененности массовым читателем и критикой. Показаны этапы становления Богораза-Тана в различных областях деятельности: ссылка в Колымский край (конец 1880-х – 1890-е гг.) и переросшее в профессионализм увлечение этнографией северных народов, что определило вектор его последующих научных изысканий и во многом – характер сюжетов и формы художественных произведений; Первая русская революция и переключение на общественно-политическую сферу (1905-1917 гг.). Анализируются эволюция отношений Богораза-Тана с советской властью и обстоятельства, сопровождавшие ее. Приведены аргументы в пользу причисления Тана к представителям народнического литературно- публицистического направления. Делается вывод, что недостаточная известность В.Г.Богораза-Тана как писателя может быть обусловлена его политическим прошлым (принадлежностью к оппозиционной большевикам партии) и сомнениями власти в подлинной лояльности ученого к ней, а также своеобразием его художественных произведений, мало вписывавшимся в «актуальную» тематику дореволюционной и послереволюционной эпох.
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Абсолютная монархия или правление одного суверена
Статья научная
Теоретиком и идейным вдохновителем абсолютной монархии безусловно является мыслитель политической философии Томас Гоббс. Все философы разрабатывали свой политические теории в условиях кризиса власти, хаоса, перемен, воин или потрясений, охватывающее общество. Согласно воззрению Гоббса только суверен (лицо ноделенное легитимностью и обладающее всей полнотой власти) может насаждать закон и стабильность то есть Гоббс ставит нас перед выбором - стабильность и безопасность в обмен на концентрацию власти в одних руках, передающуюся по наследству, в противном случае - хаос революция войны. И даже если при концентрации абсолютной власти в одних руках (династии) будут злоупотребления, то общество все ровно остаются стабильным. Согласно Гоббсу компромисс (или общественный договор) означает соглашение людей соблюдать определенные законы или правила, чтобы выполнялось эти законы и правила, чтобы сладить за исполнением договора, должна быть сила (или институт), обладающая всей полнотой власти. Только тогда будет обеспечен порядок и стабильность в обществе. Но верховная власть в государстве должна находиться в руках одного лица, а не группы лиц, то есть короля, царя, султана, хана. Если общество проходили определение свой этапы развития в условиях абсолютной монархии или авторитарных правлений, то в наше время люди не могут уже так жить. Авторитаризм и тирания не только тормозит развитие общества но и опасны для государства, приводят к революциям, бунтам или гражданским войнам. Примеры Ливии, Сирии показывают, что авторитаризм рано или поздно ведет к хаосу. Более того в странах авторитаризма правитель наделенной неограниченной властью, иногда становится объектом чуть или не обожествления.
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