Статьи журнала - Cardiometry
Все статьи: 571
Статья научная
Autotransplantation of a free flap of the gracilis muscle is currently actively used in reconstructive surgery for persistent prosoplegia, injuries of the brachial plexus, for plastic closure of defects in the upper lip, and in the treatment of pelvic sepsis. This study provides important information about the anatomical features of the gracilis muscle and its neurovascular bundle, which are highly variable. The study of the anatomical and topographic features of this fine thigh muscle was carried out on a sectional study of 25 corpses of both sexes, 50 lower limbs. The present study demonstrates that the median value of the total length of m. Gracilis, the length of its muscular part, as well as the length of the tendon were 452.25 (439.7; 462.0); 225.3(208.1;239.0); 230.5 (213.0; 244.4) mm, respectively. The number of vascular pedicles included in m. Gracilis, ranged from 1 to 5. In 86% of the cases, the deep femoral artery formed the dominant vascular pedicle, and in 14% of cases, it was the medial circumflex artery. Small secondary vascular pedicles originated from the descending genicular artery or the anterior branch of the obturator arter: from the basin of the internal iliac artery. The length of the main feeding artery varied from 76 to 134 mm, the median value was 100.5(90;110) mm, and its diameter ranged from 1.4 to 2.1 mm (M = 1.9(1.8;2, 0) mm. The innervation of the fine muscle of the thigh was carried out by the anterior branch of the obturator nerve, which in 82% of the cases was represented by a single trunk; less often a loose type of structure was observed. The proper nerve was located at a distance of 108.5 (96; 117) mm from the origin of the muscle; its diameter was 2.1 (1.9; 2.2) mm. Knowledge of the topographic and anatomical relationships of the neurovascular bundle with the surrounding formations, variants of its individual anatomical variability are the key to successful reconstructive surgery.
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Anatomy and physiology of the sinoatrial node: modern concepts
Статья
Deciding to discuss the above topic is determined due to a number of reasons. Firstly, the currently used ablation techniques make possible to reach the area of the sinoatrial (SA) node that required an accurate description of the node localization and possible ways of carrying out ablation procedures. Elucidation of SA node anatomical features in a human will allow solving the problem of the multifocal activation of atria and, as a sequence, the ablation of intranodal reentrant tachycardia. Secondly, over the last decade some disputes on the cardiac pacemaking mechanisms do not end in many international journals. Probably it is high time to submit this issue for discussion by our Russian national community of electrophysiology experts. Recent reports by Lakatta E.G. and Maltsev V.A. have significantly improved the model according to the Di Francesco’s membrane theory. Finally, the latest studies demonstrate that beating rate is controlled, in part, by local Ca2+ releases (LCRs) that creates a Rhythmic Ca2+ Clock in cardiac pacemaker cells...
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Aneurysm left atrial appendage
Отчет
Aneurysms of the atrial appendages are rare and extremely rare clinical entities. It can be confused with pericardial cyst, coronary artery aneurysm, left ventricular pseudo-aneurysm and partial or complete congenital absence of the pericardium. Usually clinically asymptomatic, diagnosed as incidental finding by the presence of heart murmur or cardiomegaly on chest radiograph, it can also manifest in the presence of supraventricular arrhythmias or systemic embolism. The treatment of this pathology makes aneurysmectomy. For 3-year preschool heart murmur and echocardiographic finding of insufficiency Mitral and aneurysmal dilation of the left atrial appendage it is presented.
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Статья научная
The results obtained in this study have demonstrated a possibility to increase the efficacy of the complex treatment of patients with brain tumors of a high degree of malignancy with the use of factors of the magnetic-wave nature, including low-intensity PMF and ELF MF, which can be integrated into the adjuvant therapy scope.
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Статья
Therapy in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) usually begins with a course of induction chemotherapy using anthracyclines and cytarabine to eliminate blast cells. Chemotherapy is a necessary step in preparing a patient for transplantation of donor hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). However, leukemia stem cells often show their chemoresistance and initiate the AML recurrence. Specific elimination of the leukemic stem cells during the preparation of a patient for HSC transplantation may reduce the probability of recurrence. For this purpose, an active development of chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) to address various markers of AML is being in progress.
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Antidepressant's long-term effect on cognitive performance and cardiovascular system
Статья научная
Background: The nature of antidepressants and their adverse effects should be considered when treating severe depression in individuals with psychotic symptoms. Antidepressant prescription rates have risen steadily over the last 30 years, affecting people of all ages. Aim: The goal of this study was to see if depression and antidepressant usage were linked to long-term changes in cognitive function and cardiovascular health. Methodology: Meta-analysis was performed using PRISMA guidelines along with using the SPIDER search framework using related keywords on different search engines i.e. Google scholars, PubMed, Scopus, ISI, etc. Total (n=2256) papers were obtained and assessed for eligibility. Altogether 15 studies were included using databases and other methods. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale examined the grades provided by the data after numerous screenings. Result: A distinct link was found between antidepressants with cognitive performance and the cardiovascular system. Dementia and hypertension were prevailing long-term effects caused by frequent use of antidepressants in chronic and mild depression.
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Antithrombotic therapy of pregnant women suffering from certain congenital cardiopathologies
Статья научная
The paper discusses the features of antithrombotic therapy of pregnant women suffering from congenital cardiopathologies. Providing medical care to women suffering from cardiovascular diseases and carrying a child is a difficult task due to the unique maternal physiology, which causes profound changes in many organ systems. First of all, such difficulties are caused by the presence of the fetus, since individual approaches to the treatment of cardiac diseases of the mother can have an adverse disease on the child. Conversely, the patient’s refusal of the necessary treatment due to potential harm to the fetus is fraught with a bad outcome for both the mother and the child. Physiological adaptation of the mother’s body during pregnancy can provoke cardiometabolic complications and cause thrombosis, the consequences of which can be fatal. Accordingly, the development of approaches to the organization of antithrombotic therapy of pregnant patients with cardiopathologies can contribute to improving the survival of the mother and fetus during pregnancy, as well as create prerequisites for a successful delivery and postpartum recovery of the woman and child.
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Статья научная
Aim. The purpose of the study was to reveal the effectiveness of the Cytochrome C drug in the early stages of the Pliss lymphosarcoma growth in white outbred rats. Material and methods. The studies were included white outbred male rats with an initial weight of 180–220 g (n = 40) with subcutaneously inoculated Pliss lymphosarcoma. Rats in the main group received the Cytochrome C intraperitoneally in a single dose of 1.6 mg/kg 1 hour after the tumor inoculation and then until death; animals with tumors in the control group received saline instead of the studied drug in the same way and in the same dosage. Results. Subcutaneous tumors appeared in the control group in 100% cases, in the main group in 55% cases; tumors were not detected in 45% of animals in the main group. In rats of the main group receiving experimental treatment, tumors regressed with time: in 73% cases with complete recovery of rats, in 27% cases animals died. Conclusions. The Cytochrome C in a therapeutic and prophylactic regimen had a pronounced antitumor effect. Perhaps the effectiveness of the drug can be improved using an inert carrier which will protect the protein from proteolytic cleavage when it enters the bloodstream, together with detoxification agents.
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Application of bioinspired methods and means in medicine
Статья научная
This review examines the role of bioinspired methods in medicine and their potential for improving human health, as well as in the treatment of various diseases. The authors highlight the genetic algorithm and recommendation systems as one of the main tools used in bioinspired methods. This methodology is considered in various aspects of medical practice, such as diagnosis, therapy, prognosis, sports medicine and selection of the correct treatment. Various areas of application of bioinspired methods in medicine are considered. The authors provide an overview of research and development based on the principles of evolutionary modeling. In addition, ethical, economic, and legal aspects of the use of bioinspired methods in medicine are discussed. An integrated approach and a unique view on the role of bioinspired methods and means in medical practice is presented, which reflects modern views on the prospects for research and development of this area.
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Статья научная
The article analyzes the use of digital methods and artificial intelligence capabilities for diagnostics in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. The author notes that digital methods and artificial intelligence (AI) have a high potential for the diagnosis of gynecological diseases, since it can analyze medical images and other medical data with great accuracy and speed. For example, AI can help in the diagnosis of cervical cancer by identifying anomalies in digital images and screening tests. The use of AI can also help in the recognition of other gynecological diseases, such as endometriosis, uterine fibroids, polyps, etc. In addition, AI can help improve the efficiency and accuracy of diagnostics, as well as reduce the time required to process medical data. This can be especially important in cases where diagnosis needs to be done quickly in order to start treatment as early as possible. However, it should be noted that AI cannot completely replace the experience and expertise of doctors. Still, it can help doctors make more accurate diagnoses and develop more effective treatment strategies.
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Application of principles of space medicine to health monitoring of the aging population
Отчет
Monitoring the health of astronauts based on the assessment of the functional state of the body within the realms of norm and pathology. The area of functional states qualifies as the yellow score of health on a notional scale "traffic light of health". Modern medicine is particularly interested in studying the health of the yellow score, because of the preventative measures that could still be taken before making contact with the healthcare system. This method has been used in a study of a group of people(mean age >70) during their stay at a resort in northern Ontario. Data were obtained by a spectral analysis of HRV. High-frequency oscillations (HF,%), indicating the increased activity of the parasympathetic system, which protects the body from stress was significantly increased. Centralization of control of autonomic functions (IC) was decreased as well as heart rate. All these changes indicate growth of functional reserves, aimed at increasing protection against stress’ effect due to environmental factors. This research shows that the method based on space medicine assessment in health can be successfully utilized within various fields of physiology and medicine, particularly in gerontological practice to dynamically monitor and research ways to improve the health of the elderly.
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Application of robotic systems in neurosurgery: problems and prospects
Статья научная
The article discusses the features of the use of robotic systems in neurosurgery, as well as emerging problems and prospects in this area. The authors present an overview of the use of robotic systems in the field of neurosurgery, highlighting both current challenges and future prospects of this technology. The current state of neurosurgery is analyzed and a number of problems faced by surgeons are highlighted, including the difficulty of achieving high accuracy of exposure at the microscopic level, problems of access to deeply located or difficult to access areas of the brain, as well as the need to minimize potential risks for patients. The potential of robotic systems in solving these problems is also explored, and the advantages that robotic hardware and software complexes can provide are described in detail, including increased accuracy and predictability of surgical interventions, reduction of invasiveness of procedures, increased navigation capabilities inside the brain, and improved ergonomics for surgeons. In addition, the technical and organizational aspects of the introduction of robotic systems into the practice of neurosurgery are considered, which includes a discussion of equipment requirements, the integration of robotic systems into existing surgical practices, as well as aspects of training and training personnel to use new technologies.
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Статья научная
The precocious knowledge on reckoning schemes scientifically and technically was replaced with the rapid amelioration in medicinal contrivance systems and treatment information registers. On average the management accomplishes hospital information system (HIS) and picture archiving and communication systems (PACS) using digital entities to maintain medical examinations, images and statements. Such systems even though are much helpful for the hospital staff, doctor away from the hospital have lot of difficulty to access the patient data during risk facing situations. To iron out the above-mentioned complications, a new idea of the proposed framework has been disseminated for medical descriptions to the doctors at inaccessible areas. This organization requires a hand-hand PDA’s that adopts CDMA techniques with mobile networks. This arrangement requires a server and PDA for its implementation. This model supports the entire reports of the patient to the doctors located even at remote location with accessibility and doctor information reliable for patients. PDA created will disclose the inmate’s medicinal reports and scans over an outlying network. To corroborate or validate user data, remote data approach is applied by PDA that connects the server directory and for relegation of information from the server, uses file transfer protocol. From testing, observations show ninety seconds to convey thirty images with a fineness of 832 x 488, intensity of 24 bits and magnitude of 0.37 Mb. This idea proposed using bitmap image acquiring technique demonstrates no difficulty for distant doctors to collect and examine the sufferer images right away at the time of crisis or urgencies, which is completely subjective analysis based on doctor’s point of view.
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Статья научная
The absence of neoangiogenesis in the ischemic myocardium is the reason for the widespread prevalence of cardiovascular diseases. The mechanism is the age-dependent epigenetic blockade of the corresponding genes. In model experiments, it was shown that transfection of ischemic myocardium with plasmid vectors carrying the HIF1a, HIF1b, VEGF165, VEGF225 genes in a stoichiometric ratio of 1: 0.2: 0.5: 0.3, at a concentration of 400 μg / ml of physiological solution at a rate of 200 μg DNA per cm2 of ischemia zone and a step over an area of 2-10 mm, with the addition of an adjuvant2-dimethylaminoethanol at a concentration of 2.5 mmol / L, restores full neoangiogenesis. For the first time, it was shown that as a result of gene therapy of myocardial ischemia using four genes (HIF-1α, HIF-1β, VEGF 225, VEGF 165).In contrast to the known monotherapy methods, a complete vascular network is formed in the ischemic zone, having anatamoses with intact vessels. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that the obtained data open the possibility of correction of epigenetic blocking of gene expression by transfecting cells with copies of these genes without epigenetic labels.
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Статья научная
Aim: Nurses’ and students’ willingness to increase information and practical skills through electronic platforms may help in setting up hundreds of timesaving and economical e-learning programs. The aim of this study is to evaluate the readiness of e-learning among different levels of nurses and nursing students. Methods: In this quantitative research, 425 participants from King Saud Medical City in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia were included. The study population included nurses and nursing students. Results: With p
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Assessment of system-related hemodynamics and tissue hydration in female patients with preeclampsia
Статья научная
Hypertension disorders are reported to cover up to 10% of pregnancies in the world. It is precisely the arterial hypertension that is the leading cause of developing serious complications, long-term invalidation and high maternal and infant mortality rates. In the context of the maternal mortality, preeclampsia may be attributed to 25% of all lethal outcomes. Preeclampsia occupies the second place in the maternal mortality structure. Multifetal pregnancy is a risk factor for developing of preeclampsia. The given study has been designed to obtain main data measured in pregnant patients experiencing preeclampsia. The obtained data have been compared with parameters showing changes in intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) and biochemistry data in singleton versus multifetal pregnancies. Our study has shown that arterial hypertension in multifetal pregnancies may develop due to some factors not typical of preeclampsia pathogenesis. As a result, we may assume that establishing diagnosis Preeclampsia on the basis of arterial hypertention alone may involve an inaccuracy. Therefore, in making the proper diagnostics to differentiate between preeclampsia and other causes of arterial hypertension, it is reasonable to use some additional examination techniques like an impedance measuring method. The hemodynamic data collected therewith can be effectively used in selection of the most suitable hypotensive therapy and adjustment of infusion therapy.
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Assessment of the efficacy of a peroral anticoagulant after surgical resection of gastric cancer
Статья научная
Aims Patients suffering from gastric cancer have a high risk of postoperative thrombotic complications and often use anticoagulants. Direct oral anticoagulants absorb in the proximal region of the digestive tract. Consequently, a reduction in anticoagulating activity is possible. In the present research given is an evaluation of the anti-Xa activity upon administration of Rivaroxaban at a fixed dose of 20 mg once daily in oncological patients after gastrectomy or cases of extensive resection of the stomach. Materials and methods The study cohort covered 20 patients after surgical treatment of gastric cancer having normal renal/hepatic function. The patients received Rivaroxaban at a fixed dose of 20 mg once daily to prevent venous thromboembolic complications.
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Статья научная
Introduction: Hypoglycemia is a clinical emergency that needs to be recognized and treated promptly to avoid organ damage and death. Knowledge of hypoglycemia prevention is an essential step in self-care practices due to the fact knowledgeable individuals are much more likely to practice hypoglycemia prevention. Prevention of hypoglycemia relies on adequate awareness and rightself-care. Objectives: To evaluate the level of knowledge and to self - care practice of hypoglycemia with their selected demographic variables among diabetic patients. Methods: A cross sectional descriptive research design was adopted with hundred samples who met the inclusion criteria in the hospital setting. Self-structured questionnaire method was used to acquire the data. Data have been through descriptive and inferential statistics. Result: Of 100 samples, 76(76%) had adequate knowledge and 63(63%)had good self-care practice on hypoglycemia. Spearman’s correlation showed positive relationship between knowledge and self-care practice of hypoglycemia (r value = 0.720, p
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Статья
Numerous studies have shown that the presence of homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) in breast tumors may be a good marker of the effectiveness of chemotherapy with DNA-damaging agents such as platinum-based and anthracycline- containing medication regimens. However, the formation of HRD due to disruptions in the BRCA1/2 genes is typical not only for breast cancer and ovarian cancer, but also for other cancer localizations, in particular for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Since the use of platinum-based drugs in patients with NSCLC is a standard treatment protocol, studying the expression profile of homologous recombination genes and the presence of chromosomal aberrations therein will allow us to fully study HRD in these patients and identify new prognostic markers.
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