Статьи журнала - Cardiometry
Все статьи: 606
Статья научная
Background: Skull base ENT (Ear, Nose, and Throat) pathologies present a diagnostic challenge due to their intricate location. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Computed Tomography (CT) scans are commonly used diagnostic tools for detecting these pathologies. This study aims to associate the diagnostic exactness of MRI and CT scans in detecting skull base ENT pathologies.
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Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a binary radiation therapy modality based on the high capability of the non-radioactive isotope 10B to absorb thermal neutrons. The use of alternative isotope 6Li for lithium neutron capture therapy (LiNCT) may be a promising area in the treatment of oncological diseases, but at present the data on the possibilities of lithium accumulation in tumor cells are limited to some sporadic studies.
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Comparative clinical analysis of the cardiometric method the thermodilution and the Fick method
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A brief comparative clinical analysis of the cardiometric method, thermodilution and the Fick method is presented below herein. It is shown that the cardiometric method makes it possible to obtain the values of a complete set of hemodynamic parameters in each cardiac cycle with recording as many cardiac cycles as required, monitor the state of the patient’s cardiovascular system in real time and obtain information about the dynamics of changes in its performance under the influence of external and internal impacts. It allows not only obtaining numerical values of hemodynamic parameters, but also qualitatively assessing the main functions of the cardiovascular system performance
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Constant attention to the study of the experience of using hemostatic products proposed for local bleeding arrest encourages new developments in this field. Modern hemostatics are porous multilayer systems with an inclusion of active coagulants. The results of the assessment of hemostatic activity obtained with the help of clinical and laboratory methods often do not lend themselves to cross-checking and statistical processing, and do not allow us to study objects with different physical and chemical properties. Methods of chemometrics, namely planimetry, allow you to visualize the parameters of sorption and hemocoagulation activity. A comparative planimetric study of commercial local hemostatic agents like Celox powder, sponges and napkins of various companies, zeolite powder, as well as new hemostatic compositions, which were given provisionally label A52 and A58, was carried out. It is shown that the hemostatic composition labeled as A52 leads to the activation of absorbent materials, the formation of a stable volumetric primary and secondary thrombus. A comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of a new hemostatic agent in an acute experiment shows a high expression of hemostasis (the time of primary hemostasis is 15-20 seconds) and no recurrence of bleeding for the studied samples compared to the reference.
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Aim. The neuromuscular blocker has long been used during surgical procedures. The neuromuscular blockade produced by rocuronium can be reversed with sugammadex and neostigmine as reversal agents. This systematic review aims to determine the impact of sugammadex and neostigmine comparison as a reversal agent of rocuronium for pediatric patients 2-12 years old going for surgery under general anesthesia. Materials and Methods. This review examined recent studies assessing the impact of sugammadex and neostigmine comparison as a reversal agent of rocuronium for pediatric patients 2-12 years old going for surgery under general anesthesia. Data were searched from Google Scholar, PubMed, Hindawi, Anesthesiology, MEDLINE, and CENTRAL using keywords’ General Anesthesia,’ ‘Reversal Agent,’ ‘Rocuronium for Pediatric Patients,’ ‘Neuromuscular Blockers,’ ‘Sugammadex and Neostigmine,’ ‘Role of Analgesics.’ The review followed PRISMA guidelines. Results. The initial search for publications comparing sugammadex and neostigmine as a reversal agent of rocuronium for pediatric patients yielded 9000 papers, from which 600 were selected. The reviews’ articles were further analyzed to ensure they were pertinent to the Comparative Impact of Reversal Agents (Sugammadex And Neostigmine) of Rocuronium for Pediatric Patients. Around 319 references were examined for their potential applicability to the medical field of anesthesia. A total of 15 articles were included, with preference given to those published from 2014 to 2023 during the last ten years. Conclusion. The particular relaxant-binding medication promptly and successfully alleviates rocuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade in pediatric surgery patients. Considering the study’s outcomes, it can be concluded that sugammadex may restore any level of steroidal muscle relaxant-induced neuromuscular block faster than neostigmine.
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BACKGROUND: All patients with T1DM are on life-long insulin injection . However, since last decades with evolving diabetes technology ,there is a paucity of research on glycemic and self satisfaction effectiveness of new insulin pump and CGM devices in Saudi Arabia population whom they have different lifestyle and race. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was con-ducted at King Abdulaziz Medical City Endocrine Center in Ri-yadh, Saudi Arabia. The study focused on a sample of patients with type 1 diabetes aged 14 years and above using either a sensor-augmented insulin pump (Medtronic MiniMed 640G, 740G), insulin pump without a sensor (Medtronic Paradigm VEO 754), or multiple daily insulin injections for at least 6 months.
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Статья научная
Aims The present paper aims at evaluating the existing difference in duration measurements of the same heart cycle phases in the standard V3, V4, V5, V6 leads ECG versus original HDA lead ECG of the ascending aorta. Materials and The method of changing the filter pass band is used. Its essence is in methods artificial changing of the conditions of the signal recording carrying the informative indications of the initial information used in hemodynamic equations. The method also enables calculating the percentage deviation from the initial values. The principle of balance of the blood volume entering the heart and the blood volume leaving the heart is used to trace the minimal deviations and their respective recording conditions. Results In each of the V3, V4, V5, V6 ECG leads durations of the same phases have different values. The values measured on the ECG of the ascending aorta and those measured using the standard V4 ECG lead differ slightly. Conclusion For heart cycle phase analysis it is possible to use only the ECG of the ascending aorta and V4 standard lead ECG. Using conventional standard ECG leads causes an error up to 25%.
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Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of death worldwide. Intravascular imaging is an important tool in the arsenal of each interventional cardiologist. While angiography provides a two-dimensional image of a three-dimensional structure, intravascular imaging enhances understanding by providing detailed cross-sectional images. This study aimed to investigate the discrepancies in coronary vessel sizing between quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) and intravascular ultrasound. Methods: This cohort study was conducted on 69 patients who were referred for elective coronary angiography. Patients were subjected to history taking, examination, blood samples, electrocardiogram (E.C.G.), and echocardiography. Then, a comparison of each vessel’s luminal diameter by QCA and IVUS was done. Results: The study included 69 patients; The mean age was 54.7 ± 9.7. There was a statistically significant difference between the studied vessels regarding the discrepancy between luminal diameters measured by IVUS and QCA. IVUS luminal diameter was larger than QCA luminal diameter (the median difference in measures of QCA and IVUS in the left main artery, LAD, LCX, and RCA were -0.8, -0.55, -0.4, and -0.5 respectively). Furthermore, there is a statistically significant difference between the studied vessels regarding the presence of a difference >0.75 mm between the luminal diameters measured by IVUS and QCA (Difference >0.75 mm in the left main artery, LAD, left circumflex and RCA were 55.8%, 21.7%, 30.8%, and 15.4% respectively). Conclusion: Coronary lesions were underestimated by QCA in comparison to IVUS regarding luminal diameter, especially the left main (LM).
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ated single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) allows for the assessment of myocardial left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular volumes. There is conflicting data regarding the difference between automated and manual processing of gated myocardial SPECT images. The purpose of this retrospective “cross-sectional study is to compare the degree of variability between automated and manual processing of Quantitative Gated SPECT algorithms for assessing left ventricular volumes and ejection percent”. Study was carried out in the Nuclear Medicine department “at the Security Forces Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and comprised of 96 participants who “underwent” both stress and “rest gated” myocardial perfusion “imaging” (MPI) from February to May 2021. Data were analyzed “using SPSS for Windows (version 22; IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). The mean of EF, ESV, and EDV on stress test using the automatic technique were 62.46 ± 14.62%, 45.00 ± 37.10 ml, and 107.01 ± 43.70 ml, respectively while using the manual technique were 57.21±14.80%, 44.35±35.93 ml, and 93.26±39.14 ml, respectively. The mean of EF, ESV, and EDV on rest test using the automatic technique were 62.85± 15.47%, 43.44± 36.35 ml, and 104.27±42.51 ml, respectively while using the manual technique were 57.74±15.33%, 43.30±36.42 ml, and 91.72±41.50 ml, respectively. For LVEF and EDV, the difference between automated and manual techniques is statistically significant (p0.05). Discrepancies were observed that exist by using the fully automated and manual technique for determining LVEF and Left ventricular volumes by gated MPI.
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Escape from cell death is one of the most prominent features of tumor cells and is closely related to the dysregulation of Bcl-2 family proteins. Among them, the anti-apoptotic protein Mcl-1 (myeloid cell leukaemia-1) acts as a master regulator of apoptosis in various human malignancies. The Mcl-1 -1 protein, whose main function is to protect tumor cells from apoptosis, is not the only product of the anti-apoptotic gene MCL1. On the contrary, another product of this gene, the shortened Mcl-1S protein, formed by alternative splicing, serves as a negative regulator of Mcl-1. Increased levels of Mcl-1S lead to inhibition of apoptosis-protective Mcl-1 and, consequently, tumor cell death by apoptosis (Senichkin, 2018). Mcl-1 inhibitors are currently being developed, which opens new perspectives to fight the hitherto untreatable addiction of cancer cells.
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Статья научная
This work highlights in detail modern approaches to the comprehensive rehabilitation of patients who have suffered injuries to the maxillofacial region, which can significantly affect the quality of life, causing functional disorders such as problems with chewing, speech and breathing, as well as significant aesthetic defects. Injuries in this area require the participation of specialists from different fields, and in this context, special attention is paid to the interaction of dentists and maxillofacial surgeons. Comprehensive rehabilitation includes several key stages: surgical treatment, restoration of bone and soft tissue structures, orthopedic and orthodontic treatment, as well as aesthetic correction. The need for close cooperation between the surgeon and the dentist is emphasized at all stages of treatment, from the initial diagnosis of injuries and treatment planning to surgical interventions and subsequent dental rehabilitation. Modern methods of surgical correction, such as osteosynthesis, reconstruction of bone defects using bone grafts and implants, as well as the use of new biomaterials, are discussed. Dental rehabilitation includes occlusion restoration, dental prosthetics and bite correction, which requires careful planning and consideration of surgical aspects. The issues of functional rehabilitation of patients, such as restoration of chewing function, proper articulation and facial aesthetics, are also considered. Special attention is paid to new technologies and innovative approaches, such as 3D modeling, digital surgery planning and the use of dental implants, which allow achieving high results in restoring both functionality and appearance of the patient. The article focuses on the importance of coordinated work of an interdisciplinary team to achieve the best results in the rehabilitation of patients after maxillofacial injuries. The authors emphasize that an integrated approach, including the interaction of specialists of different profiles, provides a more effective restoration of functions and aesthetics, which significantly improves the quality of life of patients.
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Conflict situation in a suburban hospital, India: Reasons and measures to minimize
Статья научная
Health care has a prominent place in society and as a setting required to serve and care for its public and stimulate overall physical, psychological, and social health. It has a distinct obligation to generate a healthy workplace. Conflict and diversity are intrinsic in health care, and conflict in interdisciplinary teams is an accepted norm and unescapable. Thus, a study was conducted to understand reasons for the conflict amongst varied levels of healthcare staff in a 150 bedded multispecialty hospital in an Indian city. A Survey of 200 respondents (Healthcare and managerial staff) revealed that lack of appreciation, job stress, and competition within the department (32%) were the major reasons for differences amongst the employees. Concerning approaches adopted, compromising and collaborating methods scored more (38% and 38.6%, respectively). The results have shown that, in general, managers are familiar with conflict resolution techniques and believe in motivating their staff to increase their levels of performance and retain them with the hospital. However, there is a need to make the human resource system more robust and accommodating to ensure varied healthcare professionals from different qualification backgrounds and job roles are treated equitably
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Consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on the structure of surgical pathology of the thyroid gland
Статья
Changes in the incidence of thyroid pathology during the COVID-19 pandemic were noted by many authors; multicenter global studies are also devoted to this problem, showing not only a general increase in the incidence rate, but also some negative consequences due to delayed surgical interventions.
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Contact effects by mitochondria: biological destruction of cultivated B16 - F10 melanoma cells
Статья научная
In recent years therapeutic effects produced by mitochondria, transplanted to pathogenic regions in an organism, which demonstrate their high migration activity and tropicity with respect to filling of energetic vacuum, have been inspiring a renewed interest in the scientific community. In this context, this raises the question of the source of metabolically active mitochondria and their histological compatibility required for the mitochondrial transplantation. Aim. The aim of our research work is to study characteristics/ quality of mitochondria from cells of the liver and the heart in rats, which in the in vitro system have produced their impact on different biological features of the B16-F10 murine melanoma cell culture. Materials and methods. In our research work we have used cells of the B16-F10 murine melanoma cell line culture. In the framework of the study, an experiment with mitochondria harvested from the liver and the heart of a rat has been conducted. Mitochondria have been isolated using differential centrifugation with a high-speed refrigerated centrifuge. With the B16-F10 culture cells, we have designed the following variants of our experiments: 1) use of cardiac mitochondria (1 mg/mL, in terms of total protein); 2) use of cardiac mitochondria (1 mg/mL) + succinic acid (10-4%); 3) mitochondria of the liver (1 mg/mL, in terms of total protein); 4) use of mitochondria of the liver (1 mg/mL) + succinic acid (10-4%); 5) use of succinic acid (10-4%) solely; 6) the reference specimen with no use of mitochondria and the above agents. An assessment of the impact made by mitochondria on the migration of the B16-F10 cells has been performed with the scratch wound healing test. For the purpose of an analysis of the effect produced by mitochondria on the energetic metabolism of the B16-F10 cell culture we have measured main parameters of the cell respiration and glycolysis in stress tests with adding some toxic chemicals. The rate of the cellular respiration has been assessed by measuring the amount of oxygen taken in (oxygen consumption rate, OCR), and the glycolysis level has been evaluated by the extracellular acidification rate (ECAR). Results. Adding cardiac and hepatic mitochondria to the cultivated B16-F10 cells has produced a pronounced cytopathic effect, which has become more remarkable upon expiration of two days of the cell cultivation and which has consisted in cytoplasm granulation and partial detaching of the cells. Introducing mitochondria of the heart to the cultivated B16-F10 cells has induced a considerable decrease both in the background-related and the maximum level of oxygen consumption by the B16-F10 cells as against the reference samples without adding of mitochondria. Adding the cardiac mitochondria has led to a statistically significant decrease in the base level of ECAR by 14,36 mpH/min (t = 3,12, df = 10) as compared with the reference values. Introducing hepatic mitochondria has also resulted in a reduction of the average value of ECAR as against the background by 4,8 mpH/min. Conclusion. Metabolically active mitochondria are capable of reformatting energetic fluxes in tumor cells and change their cellular respiration that leads to the most effectively realized death of the cultivated B16-F10 tumor cells.
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Статья научная
The aim is to study some mechanisms of regulation of apoptosis and self-organization in the mitochondria in the heart cells in female mice during the growth of experimental melanoma B16/ F10 linked with chronic neurogenic pain as comorbid pathology.
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Ovarian cancer (OC) is characterized by high heterogeneity of its clinical, morphological and genetic characteristics. A number of genes are identified, the pathology of which leads to the initiation of carcinogenesis, including genes of the DNA damage repair system by homologous recombination. The role of highly penetrant mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes has been studied most thoroughly to date.
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Topicality. Studies of the processes of the regeneration in the liver are not new, but however the development of the technologies of bio-therapy is capable of shifting the conventional approaches to the regeneration of the lost tissues. Mitochondrial therapy (MCT) occupies one of the highly important places in the list of bio-technologies by offering some unique mechanisms of the restoration of the organs. The liver having its specific tissue property of the regeneration demonstrates upon completion of hepatoectomy mitochondrial insufficiency and inhibition of the regenerative processes. Therefore it is required to evaluate the efficacy of mitochondrial stimulation in an experimental model in vivo with the proper morphological confirmation of the productivity and acceleration of the regenerative function of the liver that has become decisive for our research study work. Materials and methods. We have resected in 30 albino outbred male rats the left lobe of the liver, which is the maximum tolerable volume, amounting to 70% of the total mass of this organ, and upon of expiration of 24 hours we have transplanted to them intraperitoneally mitochondria harvested from a donor rat. Mitochondria have been isolated with the use of the differential centrifugation with high-speed refrigerated centrifuge Avanti J-E, BECMAN COULTER, USA. The morphological ORIGINAL RESEARCH examination of the liver sections has been conducted after their embedding in paraffin wax and staining with hematoxylin-eosin using microscopic testing of the liver sections with Axiovert (Carl 44 Zeiss, Germany) and applying the visualization software Axiovision 4 (Carl Zeiss, Germany). Results and discussion. It has been established that within the same period of time the quantitative data on the mass of the liver and its stump after MCT have exceeded the respective reference data by a factor of 1,6 (р˂0,05). The efficacy of the MCT application with respect to the regenerative function of the liver has been confirmed by the quality of the hepatic self-organization and replenishment of the key structures. A considerable supply of the most important cell elements of the connective tissue to the capsulated zone of the stump of the liver, an activation of neo-angiogenesis, hyperplasia and hypertrophy of hepatocytes with the repetitive order of the arrangement of the lobe structure of full value are manifestations of the acceleration of the regeneration. Conclusion. The high energy potential of fresh mitochondria makes possible to realize the trigger mechanisms of the bio-synthetic processes addressing an immediate restoration of the damaged or disordered liver tissues that can hold the greatest promise in emergency surgery and the activation of slowly progressive processes.
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Unilateral ovariectomy (UOE) of female rats caused an increase in duration of the non-reproductive period (NRP) - metestrus and diestrus phases, and shortening of the reproductive period (RP) - proestrus and estrus phases of the estrous cycle (a symptom of hormonal deficiency). Signs of stress persisted 5 weeks after UOE: reduction of the ratio of thymus weight to the weight of adrenal glands (T/A). A two-week course of the succinate-containing composition with added B vitamins (SCCV) administered to the control female rats and those upon UOE has increased the T/A ratio as compared to that of intact animals, which is an indication of “activation” according to Garkavi et al. [1] and restored the NRP/RP ratio. Cytobiochemical analysis found a significant increase in nitroblue tetrazolium reduction during succinate oxidation in lymphocytes according to reading of animal blood smears.
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Aims. This paper describes a novel approach to the analysis of electrocardiographic data based on the consideration of the repetitive P, Q, R, S, T sequences as cyclic codes. In Part I we introduce a principle similar to the syndrome decoding using the control numbers, which allows correcting the noise combinations. Materials and methods. We propose to apply the burst-error-correcting algorithms for automatic detection of the ECG artifacts and the functional abnormalities, including those compared to the reference model. Our approach is compared to the symbolic dynamics methods. During the automated search of the code components (i.e. point values and spectral ranges one-to-one corresponding to P, Q, R, S, T) considered in Part II, the authors apply the Lomb-Scargle periodogram method with the phase control which allows to determine the code components not only from the main harmonics, but also using the sidebands, avoiding the phase errors. Results. The results of the method testing on rats with the heart failure using a simplified telemetric recording from the implantable chips are given in Part III...
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