Статьи журнала - International Journal of Image, Graphics and Signal Processing
Все статьи: 1092
Denoising of Noisy Pixels in Video by Neighborhood Correlation Filtering Algorithm
Статья научная
A fast filtering algorithm for color video based on Neighborhood Correlation Filtering is presented. By utilizing a 3 × 3 pixel template, the algorithm can discriminate and filter various patterns of noise spots or blocks. In contrast with many kinds of median filtering algorithm, which may cause image blurring, it has much higher edge preserving ability. Furthermore, this algorithm is able to synchronously reflect image quality via amount, location and density statistics. Filtering of detected pixels is done by NCF algorithm based on a noise adaptive mean absolute difference. The experiments show that the proposed method outperforms other state-of-the-art filters both visually and in terms of objective quality measures such as the mean absolute error (MAE), the peak-signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and the normalized color difference (NCD).
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Density Based Script Identification of a Multilingual Document Image
Статья научная
Automatic Pattern Recognition field has witnessed enormous growth in the past few decades. Being an essential element of Pattern Recognition, Document Image Analysis is the procedure of analyzing a document image with the intention of working out the contents so that they can be manipulated as per the requirements at various levels. It involves various procedures like document classification, organizing, conversion, identification and many more. Since a document chiefly contains text, Script Identification has grown to be a very important area of this field. A Script comprises the text of a document or a manuscript. It is a scheme of written characters and symbols used to write a particular language. Languages are written using scripts, but script itself is made up of symbols. Every language has its own set of symbols used for writing it. Sometimes different languages are written using the same script, but with marginal modification. Script Identification has been performed for unilingual, bilingual and multilingual document images. But, negligible work has been reported for Kashmiri script. In this paper, we are analyzing and experimentally testing statistical approach for identification of Kashmiri script in a document image along with Roman, Devanagari & Urdu scripts. The identification is performed on offline machine-printed scripts and yields promising results.
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Depth and Intensity Gabor Features Based 3D Face Recognition Using Symbolic LDA and AdaBoost
Статья научная
In this paper, the objective is to investigate what contributions depth and intensity information make to the solution of face recognition problem when expression and pose variations are taken into account, and a novel system is proposed for combining depth and intensity information in order to improve face recognition performance. In the proposed approach, local features based on Gabor wavelets are extracted from depth and intensity images, which are obtained from 3D data after fine alignment. Then a novel hierarchical selecting scheme embedded in symbolic linear discriminant analysis (Symbolic LDA) with AdaBoost learning is proposed to select the most effective and robust features and to construct a strong classifier. Experiments are performed on the three datasets, namely, Texas 3D face database, Bhosphorus 3D face database and CASIA 3D face database, which contain face images with complex variations, including expressions, poses and longtime lapses between two scans. The experimental results demonstrate the enhanced effectiveness in the performance of the proposed method. Since most of the design processes are performed automatically, the proposed approach leads to a potential prototype design of an automatic face recognition system based on the combination of the depth and intensity information in face images.
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Depth based Occlusion Detection and Localization from 3D Face Image
Статья научная
In this paper, authors have proposed two novel techniques for occlusion detection and then localization of the occluded section from a given 3D face image if occlusion is present. For both of these methods, at first, the 2.5D or range face images are created from input 3D face images. Then for detecting the occluded faces, two approaches have been followed, namely: block based and threshold based. These two methods have been investigated individually on Bosphorus database for localization of occluded portion. Bosphorus database consists of different types of occlusions, which have been considered during our research work. If 2D and 3D images are compared then 3D images provide more reliable, accurate, valid information within digitized data. In case of 2D images each point, named as pixel, is represented by a single value. One byte for gray scale and three byte for color images in a 2D grid whereas in case of 3D, there is no concept of 2D grid. Each point is represented by three values, namely X, Y and Z. The 'Z' value in X-Y plane does not contain the reflected light energy like 2D images. The facial surface's depth data is included in Z's point set. The threshold or cutoff based technique can detect the occluded faces with the accuracy 91.79% and second approach i.e. block based approach can successfully detect the same with the success rate of 99.71%. The accuracy of the proposed occlusion detection scheme has been measured as a qualitative parameter based on subjective fidelity criteria.
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Статья научная
Nowadays, the use of Rehabilitation Robots for stroke patients has been growing rapidly. However, there was a limited scope of using such Rehabilitation Robots for patients suffer from an accidental physical fracture. Since the pain condition of such accidents needs a critical treatment, precise control of such robotic manipulators is mandatory. This paper presents the design and control of the Elbow-Forearm Rehabilitation Robot by considering the pain level of the patient. This design consists of the mechatronic design processes including mechanical design, controller design, and Virtual prototyping using ADAMS-MATLAB Co-simulation. The pain level is estimated using three parameters i.e the patient general condition, the muscle strain, and the duration of exercise from the beginning of rehabilitation. Based on these three input parameters, the manipulator's desired range of motion has been determined using the Fuzzy Logic System. The output of this fuzzy logic system would be an input to the main control system. ADAMS-MATLAB Co-simulation is carried out based on three reference inputs i.e Step, sinusoidal and the proposed fuzzy reference input. Using step input, we have discussed the step response characteristics of the developed system. The Co-simulation of the ADAMS dynamic model is realized with a 30 degree oscillating motion by providing a sinusoidal input. Finally, using the developed fuzzy reference input, we have done a Co-simulation of ADAMS plant. The simulation result demonstrates that the proposed PID controller with gains Kp=0.001 and Ki=0.01 yields 99.6% of accuracy in the tracking of the reference input as compared to the simulation without introducing controller which has an accuracy of 94.9%. The simulation also shows that derivative gain (Kd) of the PID controller has no effect on the system so that it is over damping system. From the above three simulation schemes, we can conclude that the Elbow-Forearm rehabilitation robot could be controlled as per the desired signal. Since this desired signal is developed from the pain level of the patient, we can say that the system is controlled as per the pain level of the patient.
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Design and Development of PC Based Data Acquisition System for Radiation Measurement
Статья научная
A PC based data acquisition was designed and developed using GM detector and a programmable microcontroller 16F876 of PIC family. This unit was calibrated with the standard Canberra Counter. It gave prompt response directly and has low power consumption. It was tested for gamma ray measurement to continuously monitor a radiological resulting from the natural and man-made sources that threat site security and human health. The system was simple to use, required no additional hardware and allows the selection of data. The collected data were easily being exported to a PC via parallel port. A "C" language program was developed to control the function of the entire system, using PCWH compiler.
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Design and Development of an Intelligent Home with Automated Environmental Control
Статья научная
Intelligent home automation has become more popular over the decade. Integration of automation in a home security, enhances its self-dependability. An intelligent home, integrated with various smart system modules can provide convenient and safe environment for the inhabitants and home appliances which can be easily controlled and monitored even from a remote distance. In this paper an intelligent home automation and environmental solution is proposed along with the architecture of integrated sensor modules. This proposed system is embedded with electronic lock driven with password verification and biometric finger print scanner. This sensing tools ensure the system to prevent unauthorized access. It is comprised with video recording of unauthorized person or intruder moving around the home or office premises. Moreover, PIR motion sensor, IR sensors would also work as safeguard by helping to capture image and Skype video calling from the inside of home or office. User will also be able to monitor the present condition of the home or office by using Facebook post of image and message status. The implemented system as a prototype for the justification and attestation of the proposals has been tested successfully. The observed data ensures that the system is working efficiently.
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Design and Implementation of Novel Multiplier using Barrel Shifters
Статья научная
The paper presents a design scheme to provide a faster implementation of multiplication of two signed or unsigned numbers. The proposed scheme uses modified booth's algorithm in conjunction with barrel shifters. It provides a uniform architecture which makes upgrading to a bigger multiplier much easier than other schemes. The verification of the proposed scheme is illustrated through implementation of 16x16 multiplier using ISIM simulator of Xilinx Design Suite ISE 14.2. The scheme is also mapped onto hardware using Xilinx Zynq 702 System on Chip. The performance is compared with existing schemes and it is found that the proposed scheme outperform in terms of delay.
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Design and Implementation of Optimal PID Controller Using PLC for Al-Tahady ESP
Статья научная
The electrostatic precipitator (ESP) is an extensively used system in metallurgical industries and the generation of power to decrease the release of dust in the flue gas. In the design of the Electrostatic precipitator unit, gas emission uniform distribution is expected to fulfil its best aggregation performance. Programming Logic Controller (PLC) is a controller for industrial process automation and self-monitoring. A lot of industries utilized PLC to automatically control the entire process with less involvement from the human and to evade errors. In this paper, A mathematical model for Electrostatic precipitator from physical parameters and analysis has been developed. The controller is built depending on this model using the basic principle of a well-known A Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller to control the high voltage of the Electrostatic precipitator (ESP) by adjusting the opening of voltage and current by applying analogue signals (4-20 mA) from output cards of the PLC. The simulation results paved the way to build a practical system. building the mathematical model by using the Identification Toolbox of MATLAB® Version 9.6. The system was built using Allen Bradley PLC. The effect of control parameters (PID) in the case of voltage or current has been studied to demonstrate the efficiency of the model for the precipitator and observer in the case of the control system for the Al-Tahady ESP. The PID controller was built and the best values for the Electrostatic Precipitator controller are (KP=2.3904, KI=3.5382, KD=0.3). PID controller reduces steady-state errors.
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Статья научная
This paper presents a design and implementation of Root Mean Square (RMS) measurement system based on fast discrete Wavelet using a dsPIC-type microcontroller. For data acquisition, two sensors have been used such as the voltage divider for sensing voltage and the Hall Effect sensor for sensing the current. The proposed method has the real-time calculation advantages and can be used in sinusoidal and non–sinusoidal electrical power systems. The results of calculations have been verified using MATLAB and Proteus ISIS simulations. It has been proved that the Wavelet transform measuring technique is more accurate as it takes in consideration all the harmonics in the analyzed signal and provides temporal information, which is absent in other transforms or not directly available in the Fourier transform.
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Design and Implementation of Speckle Noise Reduction Algorithm Using 2D Ultrasound Image
Статья научная
Ultrasound is mostly used for diagnosis to deal with the specific abnormality in human body. To observe the internal organs including liver, kidneys, pancreas, thyroid gland, ovaries etc. ultrasound can be used. In diagnostic applications, 2 to 18 MHz frequencies are used. The sound wave explorations occurred through soft tissue and fluids. It bounces back as echoes from denser surfaces and creates an image. While producing ultrasound images from echo signal speckle noise is induced in a multiplicative way. Thus, speckle becomes the key challenge for ultrasound imaging. Several speckle reducing linear, non-linear and anisotropic diffusion-based methods are implemented to preserve the sharp edges of ultrasound images. Those methods contain lake of smoothing and edge preservation. However, this research proposed a combined method of adaptive filter (wiener) and anisotropic diffusion (modified Perona Malik) for speckle reduction of 2D ultrasound images by retain the important anatomical features. A comparison of all the existing methods studied based on the simulated experiment. To test the methods liver, kidney, heart and pancreas noise free images are used. Then, speckle noise is manually added with distinguished variance in between 0.02 and 0.20. Quality metrics are used to test the performance and show the improvements of the proposed method. About 71.79% structure similarity (SSIM), 66.72% root mean square error (RMSE), 56.93% signal to noise ratio (SNR), and 62.30% computational time are improved on average compared with the other methods.
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Статья научная
This paper presents one novel algorithm for minimization of non-zero coefficients of Finite Impulse response (FIR) pulse-shaping filter, mostly employed in practical digital communication system to alleviate the difficulties resulting from Inter Symbol Interference (ISI), followed by its hardware optimization on a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) chip . Filter performance has been demonstrated through the inclusion of impulse response, magnitude spectrum and requirement of various hardware blocks. The supremacy of our algorithm has been substantiated by comparing its performance with other existing models of different length. From the simulation results, it has been concluded that the proposed FIR filter provides a considerable reduction in the number of non-zero coefficients without affecting its performance significantly.
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Статья научная
Energy management system for the household appliances in terms of monitoring and control is described in this paper. Monitoring the energy consumption is the initial step to reduce it. The smart device is designed and developed that will monitor the load device parameters like voltage, current, power factor, power consumption and frequency. The load device is made to turn OFF/ ON based on the status of the device through the mobile application. To get the measured data and to control the load device an Android application has developed, which uses a mobile-enabled Bluetooth to communicate with the Bluetooth low energy module, which is interfaced to the host microcontroller. Bluetooth module is used as it works well for home automation applications. The proposed device has a simple design, low power consumption, cost-effective and easy to interact with the user.
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Статья научная
This paper proposes security technique for the confidential data which is the combination of three techniques, first is image compression that is based on wavelet transformation which will compress confidential image and reduce the size of the image, second is cryptography that is based on symmetric key which will encrypt the confidential image, and third is steganography that is based on least significant bit (LSB) which will embedded encrypted information inside a cover image. Therefore the purpose of the proposed technique is the high security and quality of the reconstructed cover image.
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Design and implementation of a novel complete filter for EEG application on FPGA
Статья научная
Filter is vastly used to detect different human signal in real time. In this paper, a novel complete digital filter is proposed for the fast detection of EEG signals due to avoid the mixtures of different biomedical signals. This paper intends to design a digital complete filter based on Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) for the alleviation of unwanted frequency components in biomedical signals specially EEG signals. For this purpose, complete filter which is a combination of integrator filter and differentiator filter which supports both low and high noises and comparatively inexpensive than other signal processing methodologies can be used. For hardware implementation, FPGA board is used which is a combination of different logic gates which offers inexpensive and long lasting services.
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Design of Fast Fourier Transform Architecture for GF(24) with Reduced Operational Complexity
Статья научная
In this paper, the architecture for Fast Fourier Transform over Galois Field (24) is described. The method used is cyclotomic decomposition. The Cyclotomic Fast Fourier Transforms (CFFTs) are preferred due to low multiplicative complexity. The approach used is the decomposition of the arbitrary polynomial into a sum of linearized polynomials. Also, Common Subexpression Elimination (CSE) algorithm is used to reduce the additive complexity of the architecture. By using CSE algorithm, the design with reduced operational complexity has been described.
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Design of Field Irrigation Multi-purpose Control Device Based on Idle Work Compensation
Статья научная
In irrigation of a farm well, the power factor of the load is low when the motor operates, because of the long low voltage lines. Long-term use will cause a lot of energy waste. To this question, this paper presents a new type intelligent controller to save irrigation water and energy. The principle of the new type field irrigation intelligent controller that based on AT89LV52 single chip is introduced in this paper. The integration of the low pressure electrical energy reactive compensation control and IC card prepaid multi-user three-phase watt-hour meter management is realized in the system. The energy conservation control, using the low pressure electrical energy reactive compensation, and prepaid multi-user three-phase watt-hour meter are used to realize the saving water management. Who inserts the card who irrigates. The design of hardware circuit, software flow, and experiment results are presented in detail. The results of testing and preproduction in Zibo Billion Electron Co., Ltd show that the design technique of integration controller is novel, and the system has the characteristics of controlling efficiency by reactive compensation, accurate measurement of electrical energy, flexible power consumption management with IC card prepaid multi-users, saving water , low cost, and so on. Therefore, it is especially suitable for power consumption and water resources management in rural well irrigation. The new type intelligent controller can effectively reduce the cost of irrigation and promote rural economic development.
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Design of Type 2- interval fuzzy PID controller for CSTR
Статья научная
This paper proposes Type 2- Interval Fuzzy Proportional–Integral–Derivative (T2IFPID) controller for a non-linear system. Type 2- Interval fuzzy logic controller (T2IFLC) is self-possessed in such a way that it is an autonomous process. To decipher the influence, the impression of uncertainty on the controller execution to two different types of curves are outlined i.e. aggressive control curve and smoother control curve. Popov-Lyapunov approach is used to define the stability of the framework.
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Design of a Novel Shape Signature by Farthest Point Angle for Object Recognition
Статья научная
An overview of state of art in computerized object recognition techniques regarding digital images is revised. Advantages of shape based techniques are discussed. Importance of "Fourier Descriptor" (FD) for the shape based object representation is described. A survey for the available shape signature assignment methods with Fourier descriptors is presented. Details for the design of shape signature containing the crucial information of corners of the object are depicted. A novel shape signature is designed basing on the Farthest Point Angle (FPA) which corresponds to the contour point. FPA signature considers the computation of the angle between the line drawn from each contour point and the line drawn from the farthest corner point. Histogram for each 15o angle conceiving the information of the object is constructed. FPA signature is evaluated for three standard databases; viz., two in Kimia {K-99, K-216} and one in MPEG CE-1 Set B. The performance of the present FPA method estimated through recognition rate, time and degree of matching and is found to be higher.
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Design of a Video Summarization Scheme in the Wavelet Domain Using Statistical Feature Extraction
Статья научная
The marine researchers analyze the behaviors of fish in the sea by manually viewing the full video for their research activity. Searching events of interest from a video database is a time consuming and tedious process. Video summary refers to representing the whole video using few frames. The objective of this work is to design and develop a statistical video summarization to perform the automatic detection of events of interest in underwater video. In this proposed work, a video is partitioned into adjacent and non-overlapping datacubes. Then, the video frames are transformed into wavelet sub-bands and the standard deviation between two consecutive frames is computed. Pixels of interest in frames are identified using threshold values. Key frames are identified using Local Maxima and Local Minima. The proposed work effectively detects even the movement of small water bodies such as crabs which is not detected using the existing methods. Finally, this paper presents the experimental results of proposed method and existing methods in terms of metrics that measure the valid of the work.
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