Статьи журнала - International Journal of Image, Graphics and Signal Processing
Все статьи: 1056
Improved USCT of paired bones using wavelet-based image processing
Статья научная
Computed ultrasonic bone tomography (USCT) is a non-invasive and non-ionizing technique, which ensures the protection of child being against x-rays. The main objective of this article is to use an image processing algorithm to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of ultrasonic computed tomography (USCT) of children bones for automatic detection of osteopathologies. For this fact, we construct an application of image processing with Microsoft Foundation Class Library (FMC) integrated in visual Studio using Haar wavelet algorithm to detect edges. Different methods of image processing for automatic detection are used. Hence, we make accessible the detection of distance between bones due to the application of wavelet transform. As a result, the quality of USCT image was improved and the detection of child osteopathologies became accessible.
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Статья научная
Diabetic retinopathy is a severe and widely spread eye disease. Early diagnosis and timely treatment of these clinical signs such as hard exudates could efficiently prevent blindness. The presence of exudates within the macular region is a main hallmark of diabetic macular edema and allows its detection with high sensitivity. In this paper, we combine the k-means clustering algorithm and mathematical morphology to detect hard exudates (HEs) in retinal images of several diabetic patients. This method is tested on a set of 50 ophthalmologic images with variable brightness, color, and forms of HEs. The algorithm obtained a sensitivity of 95.92%, predictive value of 92.28% and accuracy of 99.70% using a lesion-based criterion.
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Статья научная
This paper performs three different contrast testing methods, namely contrast stretching, histogram equalization, and CLAHE using a median filter. Poor quality images will be corrected and performed with a median filter removal filter. STARE dataset images that use images with different contrast values for each image. For this reason, evaluating the results of the three parameters tested are; MSE, PSNR, and SSIM. With the gray level scale image and contrast stretching which stretches the pixel value by stretching the stretchlim technique with the MSE result are 9.15, PSNR is 42.14 dB, and SSIM is 0.88. And the HE method and median filter with the results of the average value of MSE is 18.67, PSNR is 41.33 dB, and SSIM is 0.77. Whereas for CLAHE and median filters the average yield of MSE is 28.42, PSNR is 35.30 dB, and SSIM is 0.86. From the test results, it can be seen that the proposed method has MSE and PSNR values as well as SSIM values.
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Статья научная
Face recognition is one of the most commonly used biometric features in the identification of people. In this article, a novel facial image recognition architecture is proposed with a novel image descriptor which is called as fully center symmetric dual cross pattern (FCSDCP) The proposed architecture consists of preprocessing, feature extraction and classification phases. In the preprocessing phase, discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and Neutrosophy are used together to calculate coefficients of the face images. The proposed FCSDCP extracts features. LDA, QDA, SVM and KNN are utilized as classifiers. 4 datasets were chosen to obtain experiments and the results of the proposed method were compared to other state of art image descriptor based methods and the results clearly shows that the proposed method is a successful method for face classification.
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Improving the MRI Tumor Segmentation Process Using Appropriate Image Processing Techniques
Статья научная
Segmenting tumor from MRI images is an essential but time consuming manual duty. Performing an automatic segmentation is a defying task since different forms of tumor tissue exist for diverse patients and in many cases the tumor is similar to the normal tissue. Various studies proposed earlier to handle the issue of precisely segmenting the tumor but they discard the degradations and their effect to the precision of the segmentation. This article provides a more precise segmentation process through the use of appropriate pre-processing algorithms. The authors studied many enhancement and restoration algorithms and selected the NL-means, Laplacian filter and histogram equalization to be used as preprocessing techniques. Experimental results showed that using a suitable preprocessing scheme would produce a better segmentation process.
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Статья научная
The security of digital image watermarking is improved by scrambling the watermark using different chaotic maps or cellular automata in such a way that an unauthorized person can't recover the watermark without the secret keys. In this proposed scheme three secret keys are used in which one key is used to make the watermark chaotic and other two keys are used for scrambling the cover image. In this scheme the cover image is scrambled by using the game of life cellular automation and the watermark is made chaotic by performing the X-OR operation between the binary watermark and logistic map. Although it increases the computational complexities, but the security of watermarking is improved by involving three secret keys. In addition, for ensuring imperceptibility and making the watermarking robust, a mask of size 3×3 is run over the scrambled cover image in which one bit of chaotic watermark is embedded in 3×3 block of cover image by modifying one of the neighbor pixels. Then the scrambled modified cover image is descrambled using game of life cellular automation for obtaining watermarked image. This proposed combined chaotic and cellular automata based watermarking scheme is compared with existing chaotic based watermarking schemes and gives satisfactory values of Peak Signal to Noise (PSNR), Mean Squared Error (MSE) and Normalized Correlation (NC).
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Improving the sharpness of digital image using an amended unsharp mask filter
Статья научная
Many of the existing imaging systems produce images with blurry appearance due to various existing limitations. Thus, a proper sharpening technique is usually used to increase the acutance of the obtained images. The unsharp mask filter is a well-known sharpening technique that is used to recover acceptable quality results from their blurry counterparts. However, this filter often introduces an overshoot effect, which is an undesirable effect that makes the recovered edges appear with visible white shades around them. In this article, an amended unsharp mask filter is developed to sharpen different digital images without introducing the overshoot effect. In the developed filter, the image is smoothed by using the traditional bilateral filter and then blurred using a modified Butterworth filter instead of blurring it with a Gaussian low-pass filter only as in the traditional unsharp mask filter. Using this approach allowed to eliminate the overshoot effect and to recover better quality results. The proposed filter is assessed by using two modern image quality assessment metrics, real and synthetic-blurred images, and is compared with three renowned image sharpening techniques. Various experiments and comparisons showed that the proposed filter produced promising results with both real and synthetic-blurred images.
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Improvised Salient Object Detection and Manipulation
Статья научная
In case of salient subject recognition, computer algorithms have been heavily relied on scanning of images from top-left to bottom-right systematically and apply brute-force when attempting to locate objects of interest. Thus, the process turns out to be quite time consuming. Here a novel approach and a simple solution to the above problem is discussed. In this paper, we implement an approach to object manipulation and detection through segmentation map, which would help to de-saturate or, in other words, wash out the background of the image. Evaluation for the performance is carried out using the Jaccard index against the well-known Ground-truth target box technique.
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Indian Sign Language Recognition Using 2-D Convolution Neural Network and Graphical User Interface
Статья научная
The emergence of the sign Language recollection method has a great effect on the day-to-day livings of human beings with hearing disabled individuals utilizing signs to speak with others. Much the same as verbally communicated in dialects, there is no general language as each nation has its communication in language, so every nation has its vernacular of gesture-based communication and in India, they utilize Indian Sign Language (ISL). Over the most recent couple of years, analysts have investigated the computerization of ISL. Here we developed the custom database for 26 English letters and each Letter narrates the 5 times by each person. Train the dataset using 2D CNN and create GUI for recognition. A few endeavors have been made in India and different nations. We attempt to investigate and dissect the ISL that has been made with the mechanization of communication through signing and motion acknowledgment. We attempted to investigate the difficulties that come in the ongoing sign acknowledgment framework. The testing accuracy of the proposed work is 95% and 95% for the validation accuracy.
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Influence of Metal Pipes in the Environment on Designing the Underground Electrical Installations
Статья научная
Underground installations are networks of metal pipes and cables in space at a certain distance from the ground surface. Insulating layers of metal pipes of underground installations (gas, plumbing, electrical...) do not provide their full protection against corrosion and breakdowns. In urban areas, wandering currents (electric rail or earthing of power plants) repeatedly increase failures in underground installations in the environment. That is why a certain kind of protection is foreseen for the protection of metal pipes of underground installations against corrosion and destruction from wandering currents. However, until today there is no universal method for calculating the parameters of stationary and quasi-stationary electric fields of wandering currents and a general solution for arbitrary configuration, but it is possible to form a model algorithm for controlling the state and failures of insulation of underground electrical installations. Solutions for wandering currents could be determined by the criterion of similarity to transient currents on power lines. In the paper, in program MATLAB Simulink a simulation for the correction of wandering currents using foreign grounding has been performed on certain parts of underground installations. It has been shown that the solution of the task is possible with help of the model-algorythm which allows a determinaitn of the power on isolation layer of the cable sheat, and with simulation of the different versions of schedule of protective equipment, their optimal schedule could be determined.
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Статья научная
At the current moment, all developed polarization methods utilize "single-point" statistical analysis algorithms for laser fields. A relevant task is to generalize traditional techniques by incorporating new correlation-based "two-point" algorithms for the analysis of polarization images. Theoretical foundations of the mutual and autocorrelation processing of phase maps of polarization-structural images of samples of dehydrated serum films are given. The maps of a new polarization-correlation parameters, namely complex degree of coherence (CDC) and complex degree of mutual polarization (CDMP) of soft matter layer boundary field by the example of dehydrated serum film samples are investigated. Two groups of representative samples, uterine myoma patients (control group 1) and patients with external genital endometriosis (study group 2), were considered. We applied a complex algorithm of analytical data processing - statistical (1stand 4th central statistical moments), correlation (Gram-Charlie expansion coefficients of autocorrelation functions) and fractal (fractal dimensions) parameters of polarization-correlation parameters maps. Objective markers for diagnosing extragenital endometriosis were found.
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Infrared and Microwave Image Fusion for Rainfall Detection over Northern Algeria
Статья научная
Rain areas delineation proposed in this paper is based on the image fusion from geostationary Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) satellite, with the low-earth orbiting passive Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite. The fusion technique described in this work used an artificial neural network (ANN). It's has been developed to detect instantaneous rainfall by using information from the IR images of MSG satellite and from TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI). The study is carried out over north of Algeria. Seven spectral parameters are used as input data of ANN to identify raining or non - raining pixels. Corresponding data of raining /non-raining pixels are taken from a PR (precipitation radar) issued from TRMM. Results from the developed scheme are compared with the results of SI method (Scattering Index) taken as reference method. The results show that the developed model performs very well and overcomes the deficiencies of use a single satellite.
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Статья научная
Image Inpainting of ruined historic monuments and heritage sites can help in visualizing how these may have existed in the past. An inpainted image of a monument can serve as a tool for physical reconstruction purpose. The purpose of the proposed method is to fill cracks and gaps of selected damaged regions in heritage monuments by exploiting the statistical properties of foreground and background along with the spatial location of the damage in the image of the monuments. The patch based image inpainting algorithm is improved by segmenting the image using K means clustering to search the candidate patches in relevant source region only. Segmentation improves patch searching in terms of both quality and time. The priority of the patch to fill is decided based on the standard deviation of the patch around destination pixel. Kn similar patches are selected from the source region based on minimum value of sum squared distance. The selected patches are refined using an efficient patch refinement scheme using higher order singular value decomposition to capture underlying pattern among the candidate source patches. The threshold for refinement is selected by using minimum and maximum value of standard deviation of the target patch. This eliminates random variation and unwanted artifacts. Experimental results carried on a large number of natural images and comparisons with well-known existing methods demonstrate the efficacy and superiority of the proposed method.
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Integrated Gabor Filter and Trilateral Filter for Exudate Extraction in Fundus Images
Статья научная
Image segmentation is the process of dividing an electronic digital image into numerous sub-images. Its objective is to categorize image into various regions in such a way that every potential object in image gets individual sector. Instinctive recognition of diabetic retinopathy wounds, like exudates can provide opportunity to identify certain diseases. Lack of accuracy in these techniques can lead to fatal results because of incorrect treatment. So, there is a great need for automation techniques with high accuracy for retinal disease identification. Several automation techniques have been proposed for retinal image analysis which can detect the exudates in fundus images in more promising manner. The related work has found that the issue of noise in fundus images is ignored in the majority of existing literature. Although Gabor filter bank has shown significant results over available techniques, but it is poor in its speed. Also it is not very efficient for multiple kinds of noises at a same time. Therefore to improve the accuracy of exudate extraction further a Hybrid Gabor filter bank with trilateral based filtering technique is proposed. This filtering will use improved trilateral filtering which enables us to detect exudates even in highly corrupted noisy images.
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Integrating Occlusion and Illumination Modeling for Object Tracking Using Image Annotation
Статья научная
Tracking occluded objects at different depths has become as extremely important component of study for any video sequence having wide applications in object tracking, scene recognition, coding, editing the videos and mosaicking. This paper experiments with the capabilities of image annotation contour based tracking for occluded object. Image annotation is applied on 3 similar normal video sequences varying in depth. In the experiment, one bike occludes the other at a depth of 60 cm, 80 cm and 100 cm respectively. The effect on tracking is also analyzed with illumination variations using 3 different light sources in video sequences having objects occluding one another at same depth. The paper finally studies the ability of annotation to track the occluded object based on pyramids with variation in depth further establishing a threshold at which the ability of the system to track the occluded object fails. The contour of both the individual objects can’t be tracked due to the distortion caused by overlapping of the object pyramids. The thresholds established can be used as a bench mark to estimate the capability of different softwares. The paper further computes the frame by frame error incurred by the system, supported by detailed simulations. This system can be effectively used to achieve flawless tracking as the error in motion tracking can be corrected. This can be of great interest to computer scientists while designing surveillance systems etc.
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Статья научная
Image segmentation generally refers to the process that partitions an image into mutually exclusive regions that cover the image. Among the various image segmentation techniques, traditional image segmentation methods like edge detection, region based, watershed transformation etc. are widely used but have certain drawbacks, which cannot be used for the accurate result. In this paper clustering based techniques is employed on images which results into segmentation of images. The performance of Fuzzy C-means (FCM) integrated with the Particle Swarm optimization (PSO) technique and its variations are analyzed in different application fields. To analyze and grade the performance, computational and time complexity of techniques in different fields several metrics are used namely global consistency error, probabilistic rand index and variation of information are used. This experimental performance analysis shows that FCM along with fractional order Darwinian PSO give better performance in terms of classification accuracy, as compared to other variation of other techniques used. The integrated algorithm tested on images proves to give better results visually as well as objectively. Finally, it is concluded that fractional order Darwinian PSO along with neighborhood Fuzzy C-means and partial differential equation based level set method is an effective image segmentation technique to study the intricate contours provided the time complexity should be as small as possible to make it more real time compatible.
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Intelligent Geometric Classification of Irregular Patterns via Probabilistic Neural Network
Статья научная
This paper deals with interpretation of patterns via neural networks under organization and classification approaches. Fifty different groups of images including geometric shapes, mechanical instruments, machines, animals, fruits, and other classes of samples are classified here in two successive steps. Each primary category is divided into three different sub-groups. The purpose is identifying the class and sub-class of each input sample. Nowadays, industry and manufacturing are moving towards automation; hence accurate description of photos results in a myriad of industrial, security, and medical applications and takes a pressing part in artificial intelligence's progression. Intelligent interpretation of structure's design in CNC machine eventuates in autonomous selection of cutting tools by which any structure can easily be manufactured. Anyhow, this paper comes up with a pattern interpretation method to be applied in submarine detection purposes. Remotely operated vehicles (ROV) are used to detect and survey oil pipelines and underwater marine structures, so mentioned neural network classification is a practicable tool for detection mechanism and avoiding obstacles in ROVs.
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Interfacing the Analog Camera with FPGA Board for Real-time Video Acquisition
Статья научная
Advances in FPGA technology have dramatically increased the use of FPGAs for computer vision applications. The primary task for development of such FPGAs based systems is the interfacing of the analog camera with FPGA board. This paper describes the design and implementation of camera interface module required for connecting analog camera with Xilinx ML510 (Virtex–5 FXT) FPGA board having no video input port. Digilent VDEC1 video daughter card is used for digitizing the analog video into digital form. The necessary control logics for video acquisition and video display are designed using VHDL and Verilog, simulated in ModelSim, and synthesized using Xilinx ISE 12.1. Designed and implemented interfaces provide the real-time video acquisition and display.
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Статья научная
The subject of the research in this scientific paper is the text on the Web pages, with special emphasis on the interpretation of the text fonts chosen by the Web designer, along with its typographic features, on computers of various users. In addition, users can have different operating systems, different browsers, and different preferences in terms of their computers settings. An overall direction of the choice of fonts and their characteristics when designing Web pages, as well as some advice and opinions on the same topic are presented here. After that, several problems which arise from the interpretation of the text on the Web pages of the users are analyzed, for which a few solutions for the problems, as well as recommendations on which solution when to be chosen are also given in this text. The problem of having no fonts, chosen by the designer, on the user's computer is studied as well. Then, the possibility of the users to change the default font, given by the designer, on their computers, and the possibility to change the typographic features of the default font is also analyzed. Finally, the problem with incompatibility with different operating systems and Web browsers in visualizing the fonts is also considered.
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Intravascular Ultrasound Image Segmentation Using Morphological Snakes
Статья научная
From the first use of the technics of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) as an imaging technique for the coronary artery system at the 70th century until now , the segmentation of the arterial wall boundaries still an important problem . Much research has been done to give better segmentation result for better diagnostics , evaluation and therapy planning. In this paper we present a new segmentation technics based on Morphological Snakes which developed by Luis Álvarez used for the first time for IVUS segmentation. It is a simple , fast and stable approach of snakes evolution algorithm. Results are presented and discussed in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach in IVUS segmentation.
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