Международный журнал гуманитарных и естественных наук @intjournal
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Все статьи: 14986
English terminology in molecular biology
Статья научная
There are two important scientific events which happened in the late 60s of the XIX century and influenced modern biological science. Then 34-old Padre G. Mendel began his experimental series, revealing how ancestral traits are passed to off-springs and F. Miescher for the first time extracted DNA from leukocyte nucleus. Since then we needed at least over a hundred years to accept that DNA is the substrate of inheritance. 1953 became a turning point for molecular biology and genetics era. Pioneer researches which shed light on the fundamental principles of storing, reproducing and implementing genetic information caused conceptual breakthroughs, such as the double helix, genetic code, gene structure and molecular mechanisms of protein biosynthesis. The quintessence of the derived factual material led to triumph in molecular biology and molecular genetics in 2003, when the human genome sequence was revealed. All of these accomplishments gave rise to new terms of English origin, which were then widely used in Russian scientific publications causing major interest in Russian linguistics. It is well known that some ancient languages, such as Latin and Greek largely contributed to science having coined new terms and measurement units. The relicts in form of Latinisms and words of Greek etymology are widely used in professional terminology and every day communication. The aim of this paper is to overview Anglicisms and to discuss etymology and some semantic features of these terms, revealing how often some essential terms of English origin are used in Russian molecular biology publications.
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English-aided integration in the advanced neonatal practice
Статья научная
The paper deals with the concept of in utero programming and development of “mature” diseases among fetuses. Modern methods of evaluating the physical development of a newborn is a way to evaluate the metabolic state of a fetus. The objective of the work is to compare methods of evaluating the physical development of premature newborns and to determine the best available method for estimating weight and height indicators of premature newborns. The authors demonstrate significant differences in existing methods of evaluating the physical development of premature newborns. They also provide results of their own research that confirm existing differences, indicating English as a medium of research. The authors give recommendations for evaluating the physical development of premature newborns that match modern global tendencies in neonatology.
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Epistolary heritage: source-critical and historiographical analysis
Статья научная
The article examines the epistolary heritage of the 19th and early 20th centuries as a significant body of historical sources that combine documentary accuracy with the author’s subjective perception. It demonstrates that letters make it possible to reconstruct both individual and collective views of events, everyday practices, emotional states, and cultural norms of society. Unlike official documents or memoirs, epistolary sources reflect the living pulse of the era and the diversity of human experience. The study highlights source-critical aspects of working with letters, including issues of authenticity, textual accuracy, reconstruction of entire correspondence complexes, and the need to detect editorial or censorship interventions. Special attention is paid to the historiographical evolution of attitudes toward correspondence: from its role as an auxiliary source in pre-revolutionary and Soviet scholarship to its recognition as an independent object of study in the post-Soviet period, linked to cultural history, everyday life studies, gender research, and the history of emotions. Using the examples of the correspondence of Herzen and Ogaryov, Tolstoy, Chekhov, Korolenko, as well as women’s and family letters, the article illustrates the richness and multifaceted nature of these sources. The significance of letters for biographical reconstruction, the history of emotions, and everyday practices is emphasized. A separate section focuses on modern digital humanities methods - electronic archives, corpus linguistics, and network analysis - which open new perspectives for studying epistolary complexes. The article concludes that epistolary heritage is a unique source essential for a comprehensive understanding of historical processes and Russian culture at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries.
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Eponymy in English medical terminology
Статья научная
This article gives a description and analysis of various groups of eponymous terms in medical terminology, explores their use in the anatomical, histological, pharmaceutical and clinical nomenclatures.The aim of the study was to analyze the eponyms of English medical terminology, to determine the features and possibilities of their functioning in modern medical terminology.The material of the research included analysis of various medical articles and scientific literature in the field of different branches of medicine.Conclusions.Eponyms play a significant linguistic role in technical and scientific terminology. The peculiarity of eponyms, formed from the names of researchers of science, lies in their main function - replacing long structures with shorter forms. In recent years, broad epimonization has been criticized quite reasonably, since eponymous terms often serve as sources of error and confusion.
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Examining the file system of Android devices: implications for digital forensics
Статья научная
This article explores the critical role of the Android file system in digital forensics, emphasizing its architecture and data storage methods. It highlights the challenges investigators face in data recovery, particularly with deleted files and encryption. A practical case study illustrates the use of the Android Debug Bridge (ADB) for identifying a port scan attack, showcasing the effectiveness of network traffic analysis in uncovering security incidents on Android devices. This examination underscores the importance of understanding the Android file system for successful forensic investigations in an increasingly mobile-centric world.
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Experience and problems of teaching Czech as a foreign language to students of medicine
Статья научная
The Institute for History of Medicine and Foreign Languages at the First Faculty of Medicine of Charles University also teaches Czech to international students in the Masters programme of General Medicine, which has been provided in English language since 1992. As all subjects in the programme are taught in English, the input level of command of Czech language is, naturally, zero. During the past two decades, several changes have been done to adjust the teaching to its main aim, which is the ability of communication with Czech patients. However, some problems still persist, including the students’ lack of motivation and productive skills, their nearly complete lack of linguistic background, limited efficiency of language immersion, and strong negative language transfer. The presentation deals with the said problems as well as with the measures that we are taking to manage them, including improved organization of classes, introduction of bedside Czech classes, placing aids at our website, and introduction of the TANDEM programme of collaboration with Czech students.
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Experience of implementation of quality management systems at enterprises of aerospace complex
Статья научная
The importance of the development of an effective quality management system of enterprises of aerospace complex is considered. Financial and economic issues, main innovations and challenges are discussed when implementing AS 9100S standard into quality management system of enterprises of aviation industry.
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Статья научная
The paper considers the expletive constructions expressing the emotions of characters in G. Yakhina's novel "Zuleikha opens her eyes". Most of the expletive structures that perform an emotive function characterize the experienced speech of the main characters, namely Zuleikha and Ignatov, with predominating negative emotions, which can be explained by the development of the action. Some lexical features of expletive constructions in the speech of the main characters are brought to attention. It is emphasized that emotive inserts in the novel appear against the background of both emotively colored and stylistically neutral basic part of the sentence. It follows, that the constructions under consideration help the author to reveal the characters’ inward in its evolution.
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Eсonomic attitudes and individual values: theoretical aspect of the problem
Статья научная
Nowadays, more and more attention is paid to the correlation of cultural parametres with the indicators of social and economic development. The connection of cultural values and economic development goes through multiple changes, in different countries and in different periods. In Russia that is constantly under the influence of economic and social transformations this question is especially relevant. One can say that culture, to some extent, bears responsibility for the economic development. It is to be expected that representatives of different generations of Russian people would perceive questions related to the problem of cultural values and economic attitudes in a different way. The younger generation has different prevailing values, and young people adapt more easily to the new life conditions. Only the young people that have already got used to new life conditions, in Russia tormented by reforms, can change their attitude towards values and economic attitudes faster than the adult generation that grew up in another country (the USSR) and thus had to change a lot during the social and economic changes that were occurring at the time. It is to be noticed that the Russian society, in the last years, is in the middle of a period of political, cultural and economic transformations. This brings a lot of changes to the way of life and to the mentality of the Russian population. During the last few years, people had to elaborate their own behaviour standards, to act, to know their way around in the situation that had occurred. Obviously, the young people turned to be more interested and open to new practices and transformations than people of an older generation whose system of attitudes and values had yet been formed in the Soviet times. Today’s young generation is the indicator of social and economic alterations of the last 10-15 years. Russians’ values, their active life philosophy and their ideas of what is important in their lives and what is not, - this is the core of the national identity.
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Factors influencing men’s health
Статья научная
Men’s health is a unique area that requires an interdisciplinary approach to appropriately address the full spectrum of men’s health needs. This article is dedicated to the issue of preserving and strengthening the men’s health. Some factors that can affect men's health are considered. Preventing of the risk factors is inextricably linked with lifestyle, primarily with a balanced diet. By including useful substances in the diet and the right combination of them, you could improve the quality of your life.
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Features of creative actions of younger teenagers
Статья научная
The article discusses the content of the study, the purpose of which was to study the features of creative actions of younger adolescents, in particular fifth graders. Students were asked to solve and compose tasks related to moving an imaginary character based on certain rules on the playing field for the required number of actions. Based on individual experiments, it was shown that students use different ways of creative actions (formal, meaningful, productive, original). At the same time, the distribution of these methods among fifth-graders was established.
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Features of the organization and use of a physiological experiment in biology lessons
Статья научная
This article describes the features of using one of the most effective methods used in biology lessons in the educational process - a physiological experiment. Data on the organization, methods and effectiveness of this experiment were analyzed. The types and locations of physiological experiments, the duration and the expected results from these experiments are described. Topics are given for use in the educational process by sections and levels of difficulty. The advantages of using various experiments are described, as well as examples of experiments taking into account age characteristics. The importance of using experiments at different stages of learning is revealed, including the very initial stages of teaching biology and subsequent stages, taking into account the difficulties that may arise in the process of teaching biology. The purpose of this article is to reveal important points in organizing, conducting and evaluating a physiological school experiment and introducing new research methods into school education.
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Статья научная
In study an expert analysis was conducted of 92 outpatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) during the year in 3 outpatient clinics of St. Petersburg. Study was realized with a developed questionnaire and in accordance with the standard of medical care. It was demonstrated that the current organization of medical care for patients with COPD at the outpatient stage cannot be considered satisfactory. To improve the quality of observation and reduce the number of exacerbations of the disease, motivational interview and a telemedicine program of self-management were used during 12 months in 34 patients with COPD. The number of exacerbations and hospitalizations in the study group decreased by 35% and 42% respectively by compared with the control group (observed in the usual mode). Quality of life (QOL) improved in terms of “activity” from 46.6±7.25 to 31.7±3.2 points, “total” - from 52.4±1.8 to 37.0±1.6 points.
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Features of the variant anatomy of the vascular and biliary liver architectonics in related donors
Статья научная
The main variants of angioarthroatronics of the arterial system and venous outflow, as well as biliary structure of the liver are covered. The typical and atypical deviations of vessels and biliary ducts, which play a special role in donor liver resection, are frequently encountered in surgical practice. The most important modern studies on improving liver fragment resection results in donors are reviewed, and the most effective tactical and technical surgical aspects with lower frequency of complications are indicated.
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Forecasting based on econometric models (time series analysis)
Статья научная
Economic-mathematical modeling is a crucial part of any research in the field of economy. The rapid development of mathematical analysis, operations research, probability theory and mathematical statistics contributed to the formation of various kinds of models of the economy. The problem of studying the relationship of economic indicators is one of the most important in the economic analysis. This issue is central in econometric and it is solved by construction of econometric model and the determination of possibilities of its use for the description, analysis and prediction of real economic processes. This article describes the forecasting and its classification. The method of time series is described in more detail and the real example of simulation of exchange ratio KZT/RUB between 2006-2013 is given. The main stages of the work are analyzed.
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Foreign direct investment in Central Asia: Kyrgyzstan’s experience
Статья научная
This paper explores the dynamics of foreign direct investment (FDI) in Central Asia, with a specific focus on Kyrgyzstan. As one of the region’s most open economies, Kyrgyzstan has actively pursued FDI to accelerate economic growth, enhance industrial capacity and foster sustainable development. However, despite its investment-friendly policies, the country faces significant challenges, including political instability, regulatory inefficiencies and infrastructural limitations. Drawing on data from UNCTAD and OECD databases, the research analyzes FDI inflows, sectoral distribution and regional disparities within Kyrgyzstan. The findings indicate that while extractive industries and energy sectors attract the majority of foreign investment, other crucial areas such as manufacturing and high-tech industries remain underdeveloped. Additionally, FDI is highly concentrated in urban centers, exacerbating economic imbalances between regions. The study highlights key determinants of FDI attractiveness, including economic liberalization, legal frameworks and regional integration efforts under initiatives like the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) and China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). Policy recommendations emphasize the need for institutional reforms, investment in infrastructure and enhanced transparency to improve investor confidence. By fostering a stable business environment and diversifying FDI sources, Kyrgyzstan can strengthen its economic resilience and integration into global markets. The research concludes that targeted policy interventions and sustained cooperation with international partners are crucial to unlocking the full potential of FDI as a driver of economic modernization and sustainable development in Kyrgyzstan.
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Статья научная
Currently healthcare education is based on the continuous development of knowledge. In this regard, the global health systems becomе more complex and costly and set forth additional requirements for medical workers. Further professional growth to a certain extent depends on the language competence of a specialist; the fact becoming a “must” at the present stage of healthcare and medicine development. Participation in international scientific conferences, writing articles in a foreign language, communicating with foreign colleagues using electronic means and the Internet, reading scientific publications in a lingua franca supported by constantly updated knowledge of a foreign language at the proper level, will allow constantly improving personal and professional attitudes of a specialist.
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Foreign language proficiency as a requirement for graduates
Статья научная
The article deals with the importance of studying foreign languages in technical universities. Particular attention has been paid to the employment of graduates of technical specialities. The labor market having been analyzed, it was revealed that competency in a foreign language is considered to be a prerequisite for a candidate to get a prestigious position. The study has been conducted to identify the importance of studying foreign languages from the point of view of graduates and that of employers. Relevant findings have been made according to the results of the study.
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Foreign language real use teaching
Статья научная
The article deals with the problem of foreign language real use teaching. Among teaching approaches the concept a scenario is considered one of the most effective methods (based on Strategic Interaction developed by Robert Di Pietro, University of Delaware, USA). In this aspect “Engineering” students’ book by Lindsay White gives a good example of the most suitable tasks on the foreign language real use for future engineers. The authors come to the conclusion that the scenario teaching approach proves to be an effective way of developing communication skills for real social and professional use by the representatives of non-language faculties.
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Forensic linguistics: origin, history of development, prospects
Статья научная
The article dwells on one of the branches of applied linguistics, i.e. Forensic Linguistics. Forensic Linguistics is presented as a relatively new and expanding discipline. The article presents its history, development, importance and applications, as well as the use of linguistic evidence in legal proceedings. Finally, the conclusions are introduced and the projections for the future are made - in the future Forensic Linguistics can be widely used for better crime solving.
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