Статьи журнала - Archaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of Eurasia

Happy marriages are blessed in the heavens, unhappy ones cause poverty: a view on women in Usun-Debeskertu-Khan's instructions

Bicheev B.A.

Статья научная

This study examines traditional ideas of women and marriage, based on the instructions attributed to one of the rulers of the epoch of the “Religious Kings”—Usun-Debeskertu-Khan, and his ministers. The focus is made on female virtues, the most important of which is adherence to duties in relation to the husband and children. The standards that noble women had to comply with were higher than those concerning other women, but still quite realistic, as attested to by historical records. Negative female traits were said to be caused by untamed emotions, which cause one to forget about commonly accepted norms of behavior. The analysis of the instructions relating to marriage suggests that they were especially influenced by Buddhism, which, using various forms of instruction, including didactic writings, endowed marriage with a new, spiritual content. There were three forms of marriage, tentatively described as “divine”, “earthly”, and “infernal”. The causes of happy and unhappy marital unions were believed to be mainly related to women’s properties mentioned in the instructions. Marital harmony was said to depend mostly on the woman.

Бесплатно

Hephthalite coin from an early medieval burial at Gorny-10, Northern Altai

Seregin N.N., Tishin V.V., Stepanova N.F.

Статья

Бесплатно

Holocene fishing in the big sea region of lake Baikal (based on materials from multilayered habitation sites)

Nomokonova T.Y., Novikov A.G., Goriunova O.I., Saveliev N.A., Losey R.J., Weber A.W.

Статья

Бесплатно

Hominin-Carnivoran adaptive strategies in Western Europe during the early Pleistocene

Garcia Garriga J., Martnez K., Yravedra J.

Статья

Бесплатно

Human teeth from Strashnaya cave, the Altai mountains, with reference to the dental variation in stone age Siberia

Zubova A.V., Krivoshapkin A.I., Shalagina A.V.

Статья

Бесплатно

Hunting equipment of Russians living near Tara on the Irtysh in the 17th and 18th centuries

Tataurova L.V., Mylnikov V.P.

Статья

This article describes Russian hunting tools unearthed from several sites near the town of Tara on the Irtysh: Ananyino I, Izyuk I, Tara, and Fort Bergamak. The functions of tools are assessed on the basis of archaeological parallels from the Baraba forest-steppe, ethnographic examples relating to the culture of the Irtysh natives, materials from Fort Albazin and Fort Sayansk, and much earlier burials dating to the Xianbei-Rouran time in the Altai Mountains. The variety of 17th–18th century hunting tools is best represented at Mangazeya, Fort Alazeya, and Fort Stadukhin. Apart from typological comparisons, technological analysis was carried out for several wooden and metal artifacts. Results are helpful for revealing continuities between the 17th–18th century Russian hunting tradition at Tara and that practiced in Old Rus and in the 15th–17th century Russian state, as well as for comparing it with the Siberian native traditions.

Бесплатно

Iem cave: a stratified Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene site in Northern Vietnam

Kandyba A.V., Nguyen Kh.su., Chekha A.M., Nguyen G.D., Le H.D., Nguyen A.T., Derevianko A.P.

Статья научная

This study presents the fi ndings of excavations at Ɖiem Cave, a Late Paleolithic site in Vietnam. Several lithological units and cultural layers are identifi ed. Archaeological materials, including stone and bone artifacts, are described in detail. Findings from the three lower layers include sumatraliths, axes, bone tools, and ornaments. All of these, as well as features of the funerary rite, are typical of the Hoabinhian period. Human bones in the earliest burial were found in anatomical order, whereas those in other burials were crushed and charred. The authors demonstrate that the three lower layers date to the Pleistocene and belong to the Hoabinhian stage, whereas the upper layer dates to the Holocene and belongs to the Đa Bút culture. Micromorphological and stratigraphic observations suggest that the sedimentation of two of the Hoabinhian layers occurred under a humid climate, whereas one Hoabinhian layer attests to a more arid environment. Judging by the absolute dates, the Hoabinhian period appeared in Northern Vietnam before 23 ka BP. During certain stages of the Pleistocene, human populations in the region were rather numerous.

Бесплатно

Insight into ceramic technologies at the Maikop site of Ust-Dzheguta, Karachay-Cherkessia

Iserlis M.

Статья обзорная

Бесплатно

Inskoy dol: a new Early Bronze age site in Western Altai

Dashkovsky Р.К., Stepanova N.F.

Статья

Бесплатно

Integrative geophysical studies at the Novaya Kurya-1 cemetery in the Kulunda steppe

Pozdnyakova O.A., Marchenko Z.V., Grishin A.E., Balkov E.V., Dyadkov P.G., Evmenov N.D.

Статья

Бесплатно

Intragroup variation of the facial skeleton in 16th-19th century rural Russian populations in the worldwide context: a principal component analysis

Evteev A.A., Dvurechensky O.V.

Статья обзорная

Бесплатно

Irrigation systems of the Altai: results and prospects of archaeological studies

Konstantinov N.A., Beketova Akimova T.A., Soenov V.I., Zhilich S.V., Rudaya N.A.

Статья научная

We present the fi ndings of studies concerning the irrigation systems of the Altai and outline the directions of their further exploration. Irrigation canals, widely distributed in alpine valleys and intermontane depressions, are streams of the drift type. Most are found in central Altai and in the Chulyshman River valley of eastern Altai. Complex irrigation systems were recorded in the Bilgebash and Sarduma river mouths in the Chuya valley, in the Chulcha River mouth in the Chulyshman valley, and in Tötö, the Kurai basin. Pilot excavations of the main canals showed that wooden troughs had been placed on their bottoms. Radiocarbon analysis of wood from those troughs (Cheba and Oroktoi) suggests that they date to the Late Middle Ages, and a soil sample from the bottom of the canal of the Tenga irrigation system indicates early medieval age. In the 1800s and early 1900s, canals were used by the natives mainly for watering small plots of barley, but also of wheat and rye. Agriculture has been practiced in the Altai at least since the Early Iron Age, having fl ourished, apparently, during the Early Middle Ages. The fi rst irrigation systems must have appeared together with the fi rst farmers; however, taking into account the prolonged use and modifi cations of the main canals, assessing the time of their initial construction is diffi cult.

Бесплатно

Issues in the calendar chronology of the Seima-Turbino transcultural phenomenon

Chernykh E.N., Orlovskaya L.B., Korochkova O.N.

Статья

Бесплатно

Ivan Lepyokhin's expedition to the Middle Volga

Salmin A.K.

Статья

Бесплатно

Ivory figurines and the symbolic context of a Paleolithic dwelling at Kovrizhka IV on the Lower Vitim river, Eastern Siberia

Tetenkin A.V., Zhmur O.V., Demonterova E.I., Kaneva E.V., Salnaya N.V.

Статья

Бесплатно

Jade artifacts from Bronze Age cemeteries in the Cis-Olkhon area, the western coast of lake Baikal

Goriunova O.I., Novikov A.G.

Статья

Бесплатно

Kainar: a late 18th to early 20th century ritual and housing complex in the Northern Ustyurt

Azhigali S.E., Turganbayeva L.R.

Статья

Бесплатно

Karakalpak family ritualism: the Bes Kiyim custom in the transformation of traditional culture

Kurbanova Z.I.

Статья обзорная

Бесплатно

Khengerekte-Sukhotino-an Upper Paleolithic culture in Transbaikalia

Tashak V.I.

Статья научная

During the studies at the Barun-Alan-1 stratified site in Western Transbaikalia, a lithic industry was described, providing a basis for a new archaeological culture, termed Khengerekte. Similar materials were excavated from nearby sites such as Sloistaya Skala and Khenger-Tyn-3 Svyatilishche. A comparative analysis of the Khengerekte industry of Barun-Alan-1 and that from the Sukhotino-4 in southern Chita, Eastern Tranbaikalia, reveals that most of their typological groups are quite similar. On that basis, the culture’s distribution area was extended, and the culture itself was renamed Khengerekte-Sukhotino, spanning ~400 km from Barun-Alan-1 in the west to Unenker in the east. The calendar age of excavated layers of key Khengerekte-Sukhotino sites, Barun-Alan-1 and Sukhotino-4, was estimated at 12–33 ka BP. Their lithic industry, based mainly on microblades, is described. Bifaces, unifaces, and high side-scrapers are common. The origin of the Khengerekte-Sukhotino culture is an open question.

Бесплатно

Kinship analysis of human remains from the Sargat mounds, Baraba forest-steppe, Western Siberia

Pilipenko A.S., Cherdantsev S.V., Trapezov R.O., Molodin V.I., Kobeleva L.S., Pozdnyakov D.V., Polosmak N.V.

Статья

Бесплатно