Статьи журнала - Pravo - teorija i praksa
Все статьи: 726
Digital evidence in criminal proceedings – challenges and solutions
Статья научная
In the last decade, digital evidence in criminal proceedings has become a key tool in modern forensic investigation, with the help of which it is possible to identify, analyze and verify information that can be crucial for making a decision in court proceedings. Digital data, through the perception of various forms of electronic records, are increasingly becoming the basic evidence in criminal cases, and because of this, no distinction is made between existing material evidence and modern digital evidence. In this research, the importance of digital evidence, its advantages and challenges in collection and processing, as well as the legal and ethical aspects of its use in criminal proceedings were pointed out and indicated. The importance of the methodological approach in the forensic analysis of digital evidence was also pointed out, all in order to achieve the admissibility of digital evidence before a criminal court. The challenges and opportunities presented by this evidence are drawn throughout the research and pointed out. The hypothesis of this research is contained in its title and refers precisely to controversial issues and the legislative application of digital evidence in criminal proceedings. The aim of the work is to consider this topic by looking at the new regulation and directive that have been passed and will only be adopted in 2026, but in principle to consider the issue of digital evidence through practice because this topic remains crucial for the further development of the judicial system in the digital age. During the writing of this research, an analytical method was used in order to consider the legislation of the European Union, and make a comparison with the domestic legislation. Then, the normative method was used when considering the criminal procedure and defining digital evidence, and certainly the deductive method was also used.
Бесплатно
Digital property – specific issues in the application of private international law rules
Статья научная
Digital property emerges as a new segment of property law, while simultaneously being a consequence of the digitalization of financial intermediation and representing a form of technological innovation that substitutes payment services and investments in the banking and stock markets. Key issues that arise include the choice of governing law, internationally competent courts, and the recognition and enforcement of foreign court and arbitration decisions related to transactions in cryptocurrencies, which are the most widespread form of digital assets. This paper is designed to highlight the specific features of digital property that are important for the application of existing private international law (PIL) rules. It does not focus on a specific legal system, but rather situates the analysis within PIL as a branch of legal science with its own regulatory postulates, which are largely harmonized across legal systems. The aim of the paper is to see the scope of the possibility of applying traditional institutes of international private law to digital property as a legal and regulatory novelty that stands between property or things and rights or financial instrument. By synthesizing core issues that emerge in application of private international law rules to digital assets, we aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of regulatory challenges which encompass digital assets’ role in modern law and economies.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
Digitalization strongly affects the economy and society as a whole in different dimensions. The process of digitalization of the Business Registers Agency, including the registration procedure of business entities, is one of the priority tasks aimed at increasing efficiency and economy as well as economic prosperity in general. Certainly, there is a prerequisite referring to the existence of digital literacy, which is not an isolated category, but rather a superstructure of earlier forms of literacy. It is undeniable that every innovation arises as a privilege of the higher social classes, which, by inertia, turns into a need of the others. In this paper, it has been analyzed the legislative framework of electronic registration of business entities. Starting from the point of view that economic growth, competitiveness on the market, and socio-economic development represent the nowadays necessity, the authors, through this paper, primarily try to define the achieved progress of the work of the Business Registers Agency (BRA) in registering business entities in the digitalization process. The quintessence of this work is the identification of the availability of digital tools for the registration of economic entities, as well as their quantification and qualification.
Бесплатно
Dinamika ekonomskih reformi - uloga sive ekonomije u zemljama u tranziciji
Статья научная
Transfromacija bivših socijalističkih zemalja Evrope privukla je ogromnu pažnju svetske naučne zajednice, kako iz akademskih tako i iz ekonomskih i političkih razloga. Poučeni iskustvom zemalja latinske Amerike koje su par decenija ranije prolazile kroz sličan period paralelne demokratizacije i transformacije u otvorene, tržišne ekonomije, mnogi stručnjaci su tada predvideli teška vremena za tranicione zemlje Evrope, upozoravajući na destabilizacioni efekat koji proizilazi iz simultanog odvijanja ova dva procesa i njihovih unutrašnjih sukoba. Posledica toga je da se većina analitičara i savetnika dala u zagovaranje nekog oblika 'insulacije' izvršne vlasti od većinske volje, 'depolitizacije reformi' ili implementacije radikalnih ekonomskih programa koji isključuju mogućnost povratka na stari kurs. Danas, sve manja izlaznost na izborima i učestali izlivi javnih protesta i demonstracija od strane politički ekstremnih ili zapostavljenih grupa stanovništva izazivaju zabrinutost iz potpuno suprotnih razloga. Paradoksalno, jedno od najozbiljnijih pitanja u regionu danas je upravo pitanje, zašto protesta nije bilo, i zašto to može biti loše za kvalitet, a možda i stabilnost post-tranzicione demokratije i privrede uopšte. U ovom radu se kao razlog neobične trpeljivosti građana post-socijalističkih zemalja ističe uloga i razvoj sive ekonomije i razvija teza da upravo ovaj fenomen konstituiše mehanizam, koji pomaže stabilizaciju sveukupnih reformi ali i doprinosi njihovom nižem kvalitetu.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
U svrhu finansiranja i osiguranja međunarodne trgovine, kao jedan od glavnih postulata razvoja privrede, specijalizovane državne finansijske institucije su osnovane još 1934. godine sa misijom da pruže odgovarajuću podršku izvozu i time doprinesu njegovoj ekspanziji. Izvozni krediti koje obezbeđuju agencije za osiguranje i finansiranje izvoza mogu biti u obliku direktnog kreditiranja izvoza sa rokom otplate od 2 godina do 10 čak i 15 godina, i indirektno u obliku izdavanja osiguranja ili garancije, koju agencija izdaje najčešće u ime i za račun Države, u cilju podrške komercijalnog kredita. Sama praksa osiguranja i finansiranja izvoza u svetu je oblikovana od strane razvijenih zemalja članica OECD-a Sporazumom o smernicama za osiguranje i finansiranje izvoza sa zvaničnom državnom podrškom koji je nastao u cilju sprečavanja 'rata državnih izvoznih subvencija'. Ovaj članak će istražiti na koji način jedan neformalni džentlmenski sporazum poznat kao OECD Konsenzus uređuje oblast globalne trgovine, osiguranja i finansiranja izvoza. Ono što ga čini izuzetnim je činjenica da ovaj multidimenzional sporazum spada u kategoriju 'mekih zakona'. Ovaj članak ima za cilj da prikaže evoluciju sporazuma od skromnog kartela kreditora do snažne i moćne sile za unapređenje međunarodne i domaće ekonomske politike.
Бесплатно
Diversion model of responding to juvenile delinquency and the role of the social welfare system
Статья научная
Advocating for the widest possible diversionary response to juvenile delinquency is a general trend and a key tendency of modern juvenile criminal law. Scientific research and the focus on the best interests of the child strongly support the aforementioned facts. However, there is arisen a question concerning the fact how the general and abstract support for diversion and suspension of criminal proceedings, and transferring the juvenile offenders to the social welfare system, is reflected in everyday practice. Therefore, the paper starts with some introductory considerations about the concept and positive aspects of the diversion model, followed by the review of certain criticisms addressed to it. We devote the central part of the paper to the analysis of data related to Serbia and the social welfare service in Belgrade, in order to test the hypothesis of insufficiency of support for the diversion model in practice. The aim of this paper is to conceptualize recommendations for improving the practice of dealing with juvenile offenders in the juvenile justice system. We used an analytical-synthetic approach with the use of content analysis, normative, comparative and descriptive-statistical method.
Бесплатно
Divorce by mutual agreement and notary
Статья научная
Divorce by mutual agreement is subject to a court procedure, but in most countries a notarial procedure is applied in the case of a consensual divorce. In this article, the topic of discussion is a conventional divorce, which is characterized by the fact that the dissolution of marriage is solely the result of the consensual will of two spouses. In our legislation, a con sensual divorce is not entrusted to notaries. The aim of this paper is to outline the advantages and limitations of a divorce proceedings with notaries, and what the rights and obligations of notaries are in the event of solving such disputes. Also, the paper presents the postulates of divorce by a notary public in the practice of Great Britain, so that the best practice can be taken over and successfully implemented in the legal system of our country.
Бесплатно
Dobrovoljna likvidacija privrednih društava
Статья научная
Dobrovoljna likvidacija privrednih društava je redovan način prestanka privrednih društava. Likvidacija društva počinje danom registracije odluke o likvidaciji i objavljivanjem oglasa o pokretanju likvidacije u Registru privrednih subjekata koji vodi Agencija za privredne registre u skladu sa Zakonom o postupku registracije u Agenciji za privredne registre a prestaje brisanjem društva iz Registra. Likvidacioni upravnik zastupa privredno društvo u likvidaciji i odgovoran je za vođenje poslova društva i isplatu potraživanja poveriocima. Za vreme postupka likvidacije privredno društvo ima ograničenu pravnu i poslovnu sposobnost. Pokretanjem postupka likvidacije prestaje radni odnos zaposlenima. U radu su prikazani pravni aspekti dobrovoljne likvidacije privrednih društava - osnovni pojmovi; ovlašćenja, dužnosti i odgovornosti likvidacionog upravnika; pravne posledice pokretanja postupka likvidacije; posledice po zaposlene i poverioce; prava i odgovornosti osnivača društva koje se likvidira. Autor je, koristeći sudsku praksu, posebno osvetlio sporne situacije.
Бесплатно
Статья
Бесплатно
Dokumentacija i obeležavanje vozila u drumskom saobraćaju
Статья научная
Ekonomska uloga i značaj drumskog saobraćaja u privredi većine nacionalnih ekonomija bitna je komponenta razvoja i instrument ostvarivanja finansijskih sredstava. Pravni instrumenti, kao sredstva za ostvarenje cilja, treba da su tako postavljeni da doprinose pravnoj uređenosti i sigurnosti nacionalne ekonomije, da se međusobno ne isključuju nego da doprinose razvoju drumskog saobraćaja, brzom i bezbednom prevozu robe i ostvarivanju ekonomskih efekata. Savremeni tokovi prometa zahtevaju kombinovanje različitih vidova saobraćaja i razvijenu saobraćajnu infrastrukturu ali i harmonizovana pravna pravila, dokumentaciju i obeležavanje vozila u drumskom saobraćaju, evidencije o efikasnosti troškova maziva i goriva u sistemu poreza na dodatu vrednost, ujednačena pravila prevoza u drumskom saobraćaju za sopstvene potrebe i dokumentaciju koja se drži u vozilima.
Бесплатно
Domestic violence – the position of the child in violence suffered by the parent as a victim
Статья научная
Domestic violence, regardless of how it is manifested, represents a phenomenon which has recently attracted more and more significant doctrinal and media attention and it is a very complex problem. There are numerous questions about domestic violence to which this paper tried to provide answers. However, it is important to point out that domestic violence is not the only type of violence to which a child can be exposed, or to which he/she can be connected in an indirect or direct way. Bearing in mind that one form of violence predominantly causes and entails the other forms of violence to which a child can be exposed, and even find him/herself in the capacity of being a bully, the authors of the paper considered it important to briefly mention the other forms of violence in which the center of attention can be the child, such as digital violence and violence in schools. The focus of the paper has certainly concerned the position of the child in situations where violence against one of the parents (mostly against the mother) by the other parent (mostly the father) occurs. The conclusion is that the direct or indirect child’s presence and/or his/her knowledge of the violence suffered by the mother is actually an extremely negative pattern of behavior being adopted by the majority of children during their development.
Бесплатно
Dominirajuće teme i dileme na području poreskog prava Evropske Unije, II
Статья научная
Cilj ovog priloga jeste da ukaže na pravne izvore prava EU, odnosno poreskog prava EU, uz istovremeno analiziranje i nekih dominirajućih tema i dilema na ovom području.
Бесплатно
Dominirajuće teme i dileme na području poreskog prava Evropske Unije, III
Статья научная
Sprovedena analiza pokazala je da načela poreskog prava EU imaju za cilj podupiranje neprestanog razvoja unutrašnjeg tržišta EU. Taj se cilj postiže uklanjanjem poreskih prepreka za slobodno kretanje ljudi dobara, kapitala i usluga. Osnovno je sredstvo za postizanje navedenih ciljeva harmonizacija nacionalnog poreskog zakonodavstva država članica. Osnovni pravni instrument kojim se na evropskom nivou propisuje poreska politika jesu direktive. Doneto je nekoliko direktiva, kako na području posrednih tako i na području neposrednih poreza. Ali, rezultati u uspostavljanju jedinstvenog tržišta bez poreskih prepreka i zahtevi EU u pogledu harmonizacije nacionalnog poreskog zakonodavstva nisu još uvek potpuno ostvareni. Osnovni uzrok je što EU još uvek nema zajedničku fiskalnu a posebno ni zajedničku poresku politiku. Bez zajedničke fiskalne, odnosno poreske politike, nema ni uspešne harmonizacije oporezivanja na nivou EU, a ni evropskih integracija. Dok ne bude formulisana i prihvaćena zajednička (ne i jedinstvena) fiskalna odnosno poreska politika EU i dalje će postojati teza o ugroženosti razvoja država članica i ljubomornom čuvanju poreskih resursa što će voditi dezintegraciji evropskog prostora.
Бесплатно
Статья
Бесплатно
Državna uprava u Srbiji po novim zakonskim propisima
Статья научная
This year Parliament of Republic Serbia adopted new laws which regulate state government. Their adoption represents harmonization with European Union law regulation. By new laws it is established new state government system in Republic Serbia and it is declared different status for government employees. Now it is expected the use new regulation in municipalities and state government.
Бесплатно
EU producers at the mercy of Chinese competitors?
Статья научная
Like any other WTO member the EU is entitled to use antidumping measures to protect its market from certain imports in the case of unfair competition. As far as China is concerned, the EU has extensively been using the 'analogue country' method for calculation of anti-dumping margin, as a method applicable for non-market economies, which enabled it to protect domestic producers from low Chinese prices. However, on 16th December 2016 this country will be granted a full market economy status within the WTO, as enshrined in Article 15 (d) of the China's Accession Protocol. This effectively means that the EU will not be able to charge such a high anti-dumping duty to Chinese products and shield domestic industry from a fierce competition. This article argues that the EU treatment of Chinese exporters was based on trade protectionism, and that, due to the forced change in December 2016, the internal market will face danger after China is granted a full market economy status.
Бесплатно
Ekonomska politika Evropske unije
Статья научная
Oduvek je Evropska unija izazivala najrazličitije reakcije, pogotovo u našoj zemlji, gde aktuelnost pitanja priključenja Uniji iz dana u dan sve više dobija na značaju. Stavovi su mnogobrojni i veoma suprotstavljeni, pa se otuda javlja nužna potreba za izučavanjem ključnih karakteristika i načina funkcionisanja ove moćne međudržavne zajednice. Slobodno možemo konstatovati da Evropska unija predstavlja jedan od najrazvijenijih i najuspešnije realizovanih oblika ekonomske i političke integracije u svetu. Neizostavno se mora naglasiti da je Unija prošla veoma dug i naporan put sopstvenog razvoja, uložila značajna sredstva i preduzela mnogobrojne aktivnosti kako bi sebi obezbedila današnji položaj u svetu. Evropskoj uniji u budućnosti predstoje dalja proširenja, prijem novih zemalja u članstvo i konstantno jačanje međusobne saradnje i povezanosti zemalja članica. Interesantna pojava je da su zemlje članice prihvatile zajedničke ciljeve koje Unija propagira, pristale da unificiranju sopstvene politike i priklone se nadnacionalnom interesu. U daljem toku rada ćemo se ukratko podsetiti osnovnih obeležja Evropske unije, njenih članica i faza u procesu proširivanja. Zatim, detaljnije će biti obrađen sistem zajedničke ekonomske politike čijom realizacijom unija teži da ostvari sopstvene, a takođe i pojedinačne, nacionalne ciljeve i interese svojih članica. Upoznaćemo se sa osnovnim parcijalnim politikama u sistemu zajedničke ekonomske politike EU, kao i instrumentima njihovog ostvarivanja. Zaključnim razmatranjem ćemo ukazati na perspektive budućeg razvoja Evropske unije i njen ogroman značaj u ukupnim svetskim tokovima.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
Ovaj rad analizira proces primene i usvajanja zajedničke transportne politike Evropske unije od strane zemalja zapadnog Balkana kao veoma važan korak u uspostavljanju kako boljih međusobnih veza i odnosa ovih zemalja, tako i njihovog približavanja Evropskoj uniji. Kvalitetnija prekogranična trgovina i saradnja zemalja zapadnog Balkana je važan element budućeg razvoja ovih država. Značajnu ulogu u ovim procesima imaju i deregulacija i liberalizacija tržišta transporta. U ovom radu se razmatra trenutna situacija na polju zakonske regulative transporta u regionu, kao i transportna infrastruktura, pogotovo uloga Dunava kao evropskog i regionalnog saobraćajnog koridora. Poređenjem podataka o stepenu korišćenja rečnog saobraćaja pokazuje se da ovaj resurs nije iskorišćen na zadovoljavajući način, ali i da predstavlja značajan potencijal na koji treba računati u budućnosti.
Бесплатно
