Статьи журнала - Pravo - teorija i praksa
Все статьи: 713
Elementi individualizacije privrednog društva
Статья научная
Svako privredno društvo mora da ima poslovno ime čime dobijamo njegovu individualizaciju. Poslovno ime privrednog društva mora da bude određeno tako da nije zamenljivo sa poslovnim imenom drugog privrednog društva, niti da izaziva zabunu o privrednom društvu ili o njegovoj delatnosti. Individualna obeležja privrednih društava imaju za cilj da obezbede njihovo razlikovanje u pravnom i ekonomskom prometu.
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Endangering the public traffic – criminal law regulation and practical doubts
Статья научная
Due to their frequency and importance, traffic crimes are an important subject of theoretical study. Violation of traffic regulations is sanctioned by the norms of misdemeanor and criminal law, which makes this area complex, but also leads to certain difficulties in the interpretation and application of law. The authors thorougly analyze the legal description of the criminal offense of endangering the public transport and its qualified forms. A particular attention is paid to the the interpretation of certain subjective and objective elements of this criminal offense (consequence, mens rea and objective conditions of incrimination). The authors point out certain inconsistencies in the court practice and propose legislative changes to improve criminal protection and establish a more legitimate and pragmatic distinction between criminal and misdemeanor acts.
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Enforcement of public notary documents
Статья научная
By passing the Law on Public Notaries, the Serbian legislator regulates the issue of the operation of public notaries, their services and activities. The modern public notary practice represents a specific legal activity which contributes to the rise of legal security and the de-congestion of courts. It also leads to a more efficient exercise of the citizens rights and the realization of their civil rights much faster and more easily. A public notary performs a public service autonomously and independently being the party’s independent commissioner, and his/her participation in preparing the documents attests to their truthfulness and content. As a result, public notary documents occupy a significant place in contemporary legal transactions. According to the Law on Public Notaries, public notary documents have the property of enforceability, under certain conditions they can provide a basis to directly institute enforcement proceedings before a court of law when the stipulated conditions are satisfied. It is deemed a positive and very useful legal solution, because of which the authors will, in this paper, point out some relevant key points and specific features regarding the enforcement of public notary documents.
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Ethical and legal aspects of public relations
Статья научная
Public Relations (PR), a significant component of the media industry, also represents a management function that helps establish and maintain beneficial connections between the organization and various stakeholders. The evolution of the public relations profession is commonly perceived as a qualitative shift from the unethical practices that dominated several decades since the 1920s to strategically and ethically conducted campaigns in contemporary business. However, when considering the practice of PR in the first decades of the 21st century, numerous concerns arise regarding ethical dilemmas, conflicts, and, consequently, the ethical decisionmaking process. The main objective of this paper is to offer an overview of ethics and its development in PR. The application of ethical principles based on utilitarian, deontological, situational and virtue approaches is discussed. This study also analyzes the most frequently encountered ethical problems in contemporary PR practice. Finally, the paper delves into some models of the ethical decision-making process and discusses the legal consequences of PR.
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Etiology and phenomenology of violence against children
Статья научная
The attitude of the society towards children is conditioned by its cultural, social, economic, and political aspects. However, violence against children is a historical phenomenon present in every society, regardless of its level of development. The responsibility lies with the state and society to enable and ensure the equality of children’s rights with other members of the community and to protect children from violence, considering the fact that children cannot do this by themselves. Destructiveness of the consequences of violence against children indicates the necessity of a systematic fight against this phenomenon. The subject of this paper is to present the etiology of violence against children, i.e., the causes influencing the influx of violence against children, as well as the phenomenological aspect of this occurrence. In this context, this paper aims to indicate the causes, characteristics, and manifestations of violence against children through the presentation of empirical knowledge. The forms of violence against children overlap, but it is necessary to distinguish them in order to create more effective measures of their prevention and suppression.
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Evolucija prava konkurencije u Srbiji
Статья научная
Kada se govori o evoluciji prava konkurencije u Srbiji razmatranje se fokusira na nekoliko najvažnijih pitanja, tu spadaju, prvenstveno, pitanje oblika povređivanja konkurencije, mera za zaštitu konkurencije, kao i pitanje pozitivnih propisa kojima se zaštita konkurencije utvrđuje i sprovodi. Način koncipiranja pojedinih oblika i vrsta povreda kao i mera za njihovo eliminisanje evoluirao je kroz postojeće propise; stoga se ova analiza bavi najvažnijim pitanjima prava konkurencije u njihovom razvoju, počevši od rešenja datih Antimonopolskim zakonom, preko izmena utvrđenih u Zakonu o zaštiti konkurencije iz 2005, do trenutno aktuelnih, rešenja uspostavljenih novim Zakonom o zaštiti konkurencije, donetim 2009. god. Kratak vremenski razmak koji je prethodio usvajanju novog (istoimenog) zakona o zaštiti konkurencije je posledica postojanja većih anomalija u prethodnom. Najveće zamerke koje su upućivane propisu iz 2005. god. odnosile su se na njegov 'procesni' deo, odnosno pitanja koja se tiču sprovođenja zaštite konkurencije. Novodoneti zakon unosi značajne novine na tom polju, pa se osnovano može očekivati uspešnije funkcionisanje zaštite konkurencije u Srbiji.
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Статья научная
Autori su pokušali da ukažu na važnost analize i uporednog razmatranja iskustava u reformi pravnih sistema u oblasti rada i radnih odnosa koji očekuju našu zemlju u procesu evropskih integracija u kojima se nalazimo u poziciji potencijalnog kandidata za članstvo. Razmena međusobnih iskustava može biti dragocen izvor podrške i razrešavanja mogućih nepoznanica, ali i osnov za uporedno razmatranje i razumevanje procesa kroz koje prolaze zemlje bliske, ne samo teritorijalno nego i iz aspekta sličnih istorijskih i društveno političkih okolnosti i susedskih povezanosti. U radu se razmatra izveštaj koji je sačinjen i poslat Evropskoj komisiji od strane dvanaest država koje su se poslednje pridružile EU i iznose se njihovi zaključci po pitanju evolucije koju je doživela oblast radnog prava i radnih odnosa.
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Evolution of competition law in Serbia
Статья научная
Even though Competition Law began its outbreak in the Serbian legal arena less than a century ago, it was developing rapidly especially in the last decade maintaining the EU antitrust contours. One would say that it is only now on the right track with enforcement of the new Law on Protection of Competition, which makes our legal reality even closer to the EU role model. Thus, this law corrected all shortcomings of its predecessor, and only time will tell us more of his future application.
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Статья научная
Decentralizacija fiskalnog sistema jedne države zahteva pružanje odgovora na više pitanja. Najznačajnije pitanje, svakako, je raspodela javnih rashoda, jer se finansiranje određuje prema potrebama. Takođe, ne manje važno pitanje je i raspodela javnih prihoda. Značajno je navesti kako u različitim državama deluju različiti faktori koji utiču na stvaranje društveno-političkog i ekonomskog sistema, a takođe i na stvaranje fiskalnog sistema. Evropska Povelja o lokalnoj samoupravi predstavlja instrument za definisanje i zaštitu principa lokalne autonomije, i predstavlja jedan od stubova demokratije koju Veće Evrope brani i razvija kao temeljnu evropsku vrednost. Cilj Povelje je da ispravi nedostatke zajedničkih evropskih standarda za ocenu i zaštitu prava lokalnih organa vlasti, te da se građanima pruži mogućnost učešća u donošenju odluka koje se tiču njihovog svakodnevnog života.
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Статья научная
U radu se izučava Evropska ekonomska interesna grupacija (EEIG), kao poseban oblik povezivanja privrednih subjekata država Evropske unije (EU) koji imaju sedišta u različitim državama članicama EU, kao i njihova međusobna saradnja. Prilikom razmatranja navedenog pitanja, korišćen je normativni metod, tako što je analizirana Uredba sa kojom je Ministarstvo EU utvrdilo i uredilo ovaj institut. Dato je pojmovno određenje EEIG, osnivanje i registracija, delatnost, odgovornost za obaveze stvorene u pravnom prometu, kao i prestanak EEIG. Na kraju, dat je odgovarajući zaključak, koji sadrži rezultate istraživanja, sa određenim predlozima.
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Статья научная
U ovom radu autor se bavi pitanjem evropske kompanije, počev od prve ideje o njenom nastanku kao privrednog društva tipa akcionarskog društva, sa transnacionalnim i nadnacionalnim karakteristikama. Ovo praktično znači da evropska kompanija treba da postoji i posluje na teritoriji više država a da njena celokupna pravna regulativa bude izvan nacionalnih zakonodavstava i važi za sve delove evropske kompanije koji se nalaze u različitim državama Evropske Unije. Pošto se pokazalo da je nemoguće ustanoviti nadnacionalnu pravnu regulativu, autor se, dalje bavi pitanjem razgraničenja nadnacionalnog i nacionalnog putem sistema upućivanja i opcija. Posebno je, u ovom radu, iskazano dužno interesovanje za osnivanje evropske kompanije, za upravljanje istom, kao i za njen prestanak.
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Evropska unija i njene institucije
Статья научная
Uvek kada spomenemo Evropsku uniju, pomislimo na moćnu i jaku međudržavnu integraciju koja je na prikladan način uspela da poveže različite zemlje i narode i objedini njihove interese. Veoma je interesantna činjenica da su se evropske zemlje u određenoj meri odrekle sopstvenih nacionalnih suvereniteta i priklonile se uzvišenom, zajedničkom cilju. Evropska unija je od momenta svog nastanka pa do danas pretrpela brojne promene i transformacije, prešla veoma dug i naporan period razvoja da bi postala moćna i jaka ekonomska sila kakvu trenutno poznajemo. U budućnosti joj predstoji dalje proširenje i prijem u članstvo novih evropskih zemalja koje prethodno ispune propisane kriterijume pristupanja. Evropska unija ne bi mogla adekvatno da funkcioniše bez svojih osnovnih institucija koje su temelj njenog postojanja i delovanja, a to su Savet Evropske unije, Evropski parlament i Evropska komisija. Pomenute institucije su konstituisane na odgovarajući način, profesionalno obavljaju svoje aktivnosti, efikasno doprinose kvalitetu rada unije, pospešuju međusobnu saradnju zemalja članica i brinu se o pravovremenom i adekvatnom sprovođenju zakonodavne, izvršne i sudske vlasti. U daljem toku rada ćemo se podsetiti samog osnivanja Evropske unije, njenih osnovnih obeležja, zemalja članica i faza proširivanja. Detaljno ćemo obraditi ključne institucije, način njihovog delovanja i funkcionisanja i naglasiti njihov doprinos radu i razvoju unije. Činjenica je da pomenute institucije predstavljaju bazu institucionalne strukture unije, ali nikako ne bi mogle uspešno da izvršavaju svoje zadatke i ostvaruju zajedničke ciljeve bez konstantne i kvalitetne podrške sporednih institucija, koje ćemo ukratko objasniti. Zaključnim razmatranjem ćemo naglasiti trenutni i budući značaj Evropske unije, sadašnju poziciju na svetskoj ekonomskoj sceni kao i perspektive njenog budućeg razvoja.
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Extraordinary legal remedies with regard to the solutions of the previous civil proceedings laws
Статья научная
One of the features of procedural proceedings including the civil proceedings too, is a possibility of declaring extraordinary legal remedies. After the decision made by the first-instance courts, there is a regular remedy being declared, and an extraordinary legal remedy can be issued to the final decisions. In this paper, the author will show the development and types of extraordinary remedies, from the first Law on Civil Proceedings brought in 1929 (entered into force in 1932) to the applicable Law on Civil Proceedings from 2011. By using the historical, normative and comparative methods, there will be shown both the positive and negative sides of extraordinary legal remedies in the Serbian legislation.
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Family and unemployment: The current state and perspectives in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina
Статья научная
Nowadays, in Serbia, almost 30% of families live without any income. Unemployment is the biggest source of disorders, and, according to some authors, it is the source of all pathologies degrading human personality. In order some fundamental changes to be made, the traditional Serbian families and system of high quality values to be preserved, it is necessary, starting from primary school, to educate both children and parents, because, in many cases, they do not notice a problem, and consequently they do not know how to treat it adequately. In this paper the author analyzes the relationship between the family and social phenomenon of unemployment primarily through its impact on children in the family. The paper is based on the research conducted on the territory of the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina. Through the conclusions the author makes certain suggestions, which, in the future, should lead to the stabilization of the undermined role of the family in our society.
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Family as a factor of socialization and resocialization
Статья научная
A family represents the basic unit of the society. It has a crucial influence on developing both positive and negative tendencies in the young population. A social role of a family comprises the active relationship of its senior members, especially the parents, in the process of socialization of the youngs – children and minors. In a process of resocialization, a proper positioning of family members represents the highest achievement in the realization of its social role. In such a way, a family gives an active contribution to affirming the positive social values. However, the expected social role of the family is often being corrupted by the deviant and criminal behavior of its junior members. Thus, this is a clear signal that the socialization was unsuccessful. The reasons may be found in its partial or complete deficiency. When a family fails to complete its role, then we have on the scene the members of the young population who do not comply with moral and legal norms. Consequently, they must be subjected to a process of resocialization. This process includes various subjects: the court, social welfare center, local community, school, family and the offender him/herself. They jointly participate in a resocialization process as a form of rehabilitation. Although in this process the family role is being realized within the legal frames (issued sentences or decisions), it is undisputable that it plays the important role. Hence, we find necessary to point out the specific role of the family as a factor in the socialization and resocialization process.
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Family law protection in light of rehabilitation of persons with conduct disorder
Статья научная
Family law protection and rehabilitation of persons with conduct disorder is a serious medical, psychological, socio-economic and general social problem. The attention of a large number of experts in various fields of science, such as economics, medicine, sociology, law etc., is focused on solving this problem, and all of them offer their own interpretation. However, a comprehensive analysis of family law protection, rehabilitation and social integration requires an interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approach. From their perspective, the above mentioned fields of science devote considerable time to solving this problem, but an adequate result has not been achieved yet. With this regard it is necessary to associate the system of family law protection with rehabilitation of persons with acute or chronic conduct disorder.
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Статья научная
Domestic violence is a widespread and deeply rooted social problem. With the aim of stopping violence and preventing further manifestations of domestic violence, the Family Law prescribes protection measures, but also a special procedure for protection against domestic violence. The goal of this paper is to analyze some processual aspects of this procedure and the challenges that the courts are faced, especially as regards the beginning of the procedure, i.e. a legal nature of lawsuits for protection against domestic violence, a special urgency of the procedure and deviations from the principle of disposition, as well as the measures for protection against domestic violence and the criteria by which the court is guided in the procedure of their passing.
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Статья научная
In the modern society, domestic violence is a socially unacceptable phenomenon. The most common form of domestic violence is the violence against women, while as the most severe form of violence against women singles out femicide - a gender-based murder. One of the measures taken by Republic of Serbia in order to reduce domestic violence is the adoption of the Law on Prevention of Domestic Violence. In order to prevent femicide, the most important innovations provided by law are urgent measures imposed by the competent police officer; a mandatory risk assessment of recurrence violence; a mandatory coordination and cooperation between the competent services and case records violence. This paper analyzes not just criminal and family law measures providing protection from domestic violence, but also the results of the application of these measures in the context of femicide prevention.
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Fenomen trgovine ljudskim bićima
Статья научная
Naučnotehnološki razvitak, uporedo sa tim što je pokrenuo snage koje integrišu našu planetu u cilju kvalitetnijeg života njenih stanovnika, omogućio je pretpostavke onima koji žele da iskoriste određene inovacije u svrhu vršenja kriminalnih delatnosti. Ogroman broj žena koje su bespomoćne pred siromaštvom i diskriminacijom koju trpe u svojoj okolini i pretpostavljenom odgovornošću za egzistenciju porodice, donosi odluku za odlazak negde gde su ubeđene da će im biti bolje. Taj potencijalni bolji život, restriktivna imigraciona politika razvijenih zemalja pretvara u iluziju jer većinu žena kanališe ka ilegalnoj migraciji. Na nesreću, većina od njih usled površno ili nimalo informacija o eventualnim posledicama takvih avantura, nesvesno i nesvojevoljno završava u kandžama trgovaca ženama. Trgovina ljudima je izuzetno unosan i siguran posao, isplativa i profitabilna kriminalna delatnost u kojoj su rizici vrlo mali u poređenju sa pojedinim oblicima organizovanog kriminala. Prostitucija se jasno razlikuje od trgovine ženama. Kada je žena žrtva trgovine ljudima, uskraćena je za slobodu izbora i nema nikakvu kontrolu nad onim što joj se događa, to jest ne može birati da li želi to da radi, na koji način, koliko i sa kim, uz izostanak odgovarajuće zarade. Organizovani kriminal u sadašnje vreme ne poznaje granice država i režima. U svojim istraživanjima eksperti koji se bave pitanjima organizovanog kriminala ističu da je na Balkanu, posebno na prostorima bivše Jugoslavije, u poslednjih nekoliko godina uočljiv porast korupcije i organizovanog kriminala, naročito u pogledu trgovine ljudima, prvenstveno žena, radi prostitucije. Ono što karakteriše tržište rada u Srbiji predstavlja: visoka stopa nezaposlenosti i njen trend koji je i dalje u porastu, relativno nizak nivo zaposlenosti stanovništva, visok stepen skrivene nezaposlenosti, mali udeo zaposlenosti u privatnom sektoru, niska primanja i niska mobilnost radne snage. Organizovani kriminal, koji donosi basnoslovne zarade u skladu sa duhom vremena u kojem egzistira, više nije 'tradicionalan'. On se ne bazira na tradicionalnim vezama, nego povezuje i zahvata različite segmente društva, pa je ponekad vrlo teško razdvojiti kriminalne od legalnih elemenata. Dakle, nedostatak obrazovanja i informisanja predstavlja polaznu slabost žrtve sa čime, naravno, računaju trgovci ljudima. Snovi o boljem životu u inostranstvu i beg od surove realnosti sa sobom takođe nose niz opasnosti i nepredvidivih situacija. Trgovina ljudima predstavlja grubo kršenje ljudskih prava, pa bi zato trebalo da bude prepoznatljiva i kao najekstremniji oblik povrede ljudskih prava.
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Financial statements and audit in the insurance company
Статья научная
In accordance with the Law on Insurance and the Law on Accounting and Audit, insurance companies in Serbia are required to prepare financial statements. These materials are submitted to the Agency of Business Registers and the National Bank of Serbia from 31st December of the reporting year according to the Law on Accounting and Audit. Insurance companies which undergo a change in a legal position, such as mergers, divisions, i.e. sales, have to submit financial statements with a cut-off on the day determined by the decision on the change of a legal position or on the day determined by the sales contract. Furthermore, financial reports are submitted in the cases of the insolvency proceedings or liquidation of an insurance company. The notion of audit in an insurance company has its importance from the Insurance Law itself, in which the entire Chapter 9 is dedicated to the audit of financial statements. It deals with the performance of the audit, prior consent to the selection of the audit company, liabilities of the audit company, and the check of the audit report and the notification of the body responsible for supervising the audit.1 The significance and role of audit in an insurance company is far broader, which will be explored later in this paper.
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