Статьи журнала - Pravo - teorija i praksa
Все статьи: 699
Статья научная
Odgovornost prevoznika za štete na robi u drumskom prevozu proizilazi iz ugovora o prevozu koji se zaključuje sa naručiocem prevoza. Oblik i vrsta te odgovornosti definisana je važećim propisima za takvu vrstu prevoza, odnosno propisima koji uređuju odgovarajući ugovor o prevozu. Ukoliko tokom prevoza dođe do štete na robi za koju je odgovoran prevoznik, on će takvu štetu morati nadoknaditi. Imajući u vidu širok spektar transportnih rizika koji mogu dovesti do nastanka štete na robi, sa jedne strane, kao i visok iznos potencijalnih šteta, sa druge strane, prevoznici svoj ekonomski interes mogu zaštititi ugovaranjem osiguranja. Zaključivanjem osiguranja od odgovornosti za štete na robi koju prevoze, prevoznici štite svoj interes na način da nastalu štetu, za koju su oni odgovorni, umjesto njih treba da nadoknadi društvo za osiguranje. Cilj rada je da se na jednom mjestu ukaže na problematiku odgovornosti prevoznika u Republici Srpskoj sa aspekta aktuelnih zakonskih propisa, kao i na veoma značajnu ulogu osiguranja odgovornosti prevoznika. U zaključku se daje kratak osvrt na uočene probleme u postojećoj zakonskoj regulativi posmatranog problema, te mogućnostima obezbjeđenja adekvatne zaštite prevoznika kroz ugovaranje osiguravajućeg pokrića.
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Gender equality in the European labor law
Статья научная
The author gives an overview of the last European Commission report on equality between men and women, with the aim to draw attention to new trends in the development of labor law in the European Union to move towards the design of new types of strategies and policies that should contribute to the implementation of the new concept of work-life balance that allows you to have some sense of professional most of its capacity with full respect for the rights of women. Women are most often due to their biological role in raising families, forced to renounce a career because it is in the current system of labor market almost impossible to achieve balanced relationship between life and work, and that all rights guaranteed to be full.
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Статья научная
Compensation for non-economic damages, the debate over its justification, and the adequacy of compensation awarded for harm to non-economic goods have been contentious issues among domestic legal theorists for decades. The provisions of the 1978 Law on Obligations resolved this debate by introducing the right to monetary compensation for non-economic damages in explicitly enumerated cases. The aim of the authors is to use appropriate scientific methods to demonstrate how failures by state authorities, specifically the police and judicial bodies, can cause non-economic damage to individuals through miscarriages of justice and false imprisonment. Freedom is a fundamental human right, guaranteed by the Constitution, laws, and ratified international documents. This raises the question of how, and to what extent, a wrongful conviction or unlawful deprivation of liberty violates this fundamental right, and what legal remedies are available to the victim. The focus of the paper will be on the legislation of the Republic of Serbia, as well as the views and interpretations in legal theory and in practice regarding the victim’s claim for monetary compensation for harm to non-economic goods, such as reputation and honor.
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Globalna ekonomska kriza i porast nezaposlenosti
Статья научная
Globalna ekonomska kriza nije nastala odjednom. Njoj su prethodile okolnosti koje su svojim implikacijama na makroplanu uvećale broj nezaposlenih, siromašnih i gladnih ljudi u svetu. Krah globalnih privreda doprineo je istovremeno nekontrolisanoj globalnoj nesigurnosti, što su pojedini analitičari stidljivo najavljivali još od ulaska u novi milenijum, a što se ostvarilo objavljivanjem vesti da je 'svet upao u najdublju ekonomsku krizu još od drugog svetskog rata i da se nalazi u kandžama recesije'. Uzroci krize i njene manifestacije se razlikuju od zemlje do zemlje, ali svima je zajednička karakteristika da proizvode nesagledive posledice i ozbiljne probleme. Tamni oblaci su se nadvili nad svetskom privredom, a oni donose otpuštanje radnika, nezaposlenost i siromaštvo, što dalje vodi i rezultira talasima protesta i štrajkova širom sveta. Udar svetske ekonomske krize u Srbiji očekuje se intenzitetom koji je teško i nezahvalno predvideti.
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Статья научная
Region se posmatra kao 'izvesno jedinstvo država u geografskom smislu, grupa državnih teritorija koje čine jedinstvenu teritoriju, a čiji stanovnici su posebni ili drugačiji u odnosu na druge stanovnike, zbog specifičnosti u bilo kom vidu koje oni žele da sačuvaju, bilo da su to nacionalne, kulturne ili druge specifičnosti'. Tako shvaćen region se suočava tokom svog postojanja sa brojnim izazovima, kao što su: neravnomeran ekonomski razvoj regiona unutar jedne države, koji nužno vodi do polarizacije i separacije regiona u nezavisne države; nedovoljno snažan državni aparat koji može da nadvlada sve globalizacijske procese posebno kad su 'države nacije' u pitanju, i problem da se ljudi teže navikavaju na misao o 'Evropi regiona', umesto dosadašnje prihvatljive 'Evrope država'. No i pored svih problema i izazova, region, regionalizam i regionalna država stoje kao 'treći put', kompromis između federacija i konfederacija.
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Građansko-pravna zaštita prava intelektualne svojine
Статья научная
Predmet ovog rada je pravna zaštita prava intelektualne svojine, s posebnim osvrtom na građansko-pravnu zaštitu, koja je predviđena zakonima u oblasti intelektualne svojine, kao lex specialis, uz osvrt na sudsku praksu posle 2000. godine. Građansko-pravna zaštita obuhvata četiri vrste tužbi. Tužba zbog povrede prava se sastoji od šest tužbenih zahteva. Sud može doneti privremenu meru i naložiti sredstvo obezbeđenja.
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Građanskopravni osnovi odgovornosti stečajnog upravnika i države u stečajnom postupku
Статья научная
Stečajni upravnik odgovara ličnom imovinom za štetu prouzrokovanu učesnicima u postupku namerno ili krajnjom nepažnjom, a teret dokazivanja takvih kvalifikovanih oblika nevinosti je na oštećenom licu. Kada je šteta prouzrokovana običnom nepažnjom - nehatom postoji odgovornost države - Republike Srbije, kao pravnog lica za štetu koju prouzrokuje njegov organ. Za štetu prouzrokovanu učesnicima u postupku namerno ili krajnjom nepažnjom postoji solidarna odgovornost stečajnog upravnika i Republike Srbije. Prigovor u postupku prodaje imovine stečajnog dužnika, ne utiče na punovažnost izvršene prodaje, već predstavlja osnov za utvrđivanje odgovornosti stečajnog upravnika ako je šteta nastala radnjom stečajnog upravnika u postupku prodaje.
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Статья научная
Ljudska prava su segment univerzalnih, prirodnih i neotuđivih civilizacijskih vrednosti. Kao takva deo su međunarodnog prava, a posebno nacionalnih pravnih sistema kroz koje se realizuju. Posebnu ulogu u ostvarivanju, obezbeđenju i zaštiti ljudskih prava imaju policijski organi država. Posledica unifikacije ljudskih prava na međunarodnom nivou je stvaranje međunarodnih standarda policijskog delovanja. Reforma policije se u Republici Srbiji intenzivno vrši kroz harmonizaciju zakonodavnog okvira policijskog organizovanja, delovanja i postupanja od 2000. godine u skladu sa visokim standardima Saveta Evrope i Evropske unije, kao jedna od pretpostavki evropskih integracija. Načela zakonitosti, proporcionalnosti, profesionalnosti i postupanja u skladu sa policijskom etikom postaju kodeksi delovanja.
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Haški tribunal - izveštaj obaveštajnog analitičara - forenzički nalaz ili analitička informacija
Статья научная
Potreba da se izvede ovo istraživanje javila se nakon što je u procesu pred Međunarodnim krivičnim sudom za bivšu Jugoslaviju izveštaj obaveštajnog analitičara vojne obaveštajne službe označen i prihvaćen kao isprava koja u sebi sadrži nalaz i/ili mišljenje veštaka/forenzičara. Ovo stoga, što se, u krivično-procesnoj praksi Suda ne uočava jasna razlika između istražnog analitičara, forenzičkih radnji na osnovu forenzičkih znanja (legaliteta i legitimiteta) i forenzičkog nalaza i/ili mišljenja i obaveštajnog analitičara i obaveštajne analitičke informacije koja nastaje kao proizvod obaveštajnog analitičkog procesa. U radu se ukazuje da je obaveštajna analitička informacija samo nastavak obaveštajnog rada u njegovom kružnom procesu, odnosno da je zaključak obaveštajnog analitičara samo metod obaveštajnog rada, a ne forenzički nalaz i/ili mišljenje, kao i to da je obaveštajna analiza samo jedan segment u obaveštajnom ciklusu. Nije nezavisna delatnost veštaka u krivičnom postupku.
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Hibridni sud za Istočni Timor - pravna i politička dimenzija
Статья научная
Međunarodni krivični sud u Istočnom Timoru Ujedinjene nacije su ustanovile nezavisno od odluka nacionalnih vlasti. On je, kao i drugi sudovi tog tipa, bio plod političkih dogovora u okviru Ujedinjenih nacija. Osnivanje ovog suda u velikoj meri bilo je uzrokovano činjenicom da u toj državi nakon povlačenja Indonezije gotovo da nije bilo pravnika s iskustvom rada u pravosuđu. Sud za Istočni Timor prvi je hibridni sud koji je počeo sa radom. Iako mešovitog sastava, on je bio deo nacionalnog pravosudnog sistema. Do osnivanja ovog suda došlo je neposredno nakon što su Ujedinjene nacije uspostavile prelaznu upravu u toj državi. Iako je bilo predloga da se osnuje zaseban tribunal za suđenje osobama odgovornim za zločine, Savet bezbednosti nije postupio po tim preporukama. Umesto toga osnovana su Posebna veća za ozbiljne zločine sastavljena od domaćih i međunarodnih sudija za suđenje osobama osumnjičenim za zločine učinjene u Istočnom Timoru. Posebnim većima data je isključiva nadležnost nad zločinima genocida, ratnim zločinima, zločinima protiv čovečnosti, ubistvima, seksualnim zločinima i mučenjima koja su se dogodili u Istočnom Timoru u razdoblju od 1. januara do 25. oktobra 1999. godine, a pod određenim uslovima i za zločine učinjene pre toga datuma. Materijalna prava koje su primenjivala Posebna veća za zločine genocida, ratne zločine i zločine protiv čovečnosti gotovo je u potpunosti preuzeto iz Rimskog statuta Međunarodnog krivičnog suda.
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Historical development of life insurance
Статья научная
The origins of certain forms of property and life security date back to a very distance past. The beginnings of commodity and monetary relations and class society mark the beginning of insurance activities as well. The basic function of insurance has not changed throughout its history and it amounts to the property and individual protection. Life insurance, as a special type of a personal insurance, occupies an important place in insurance activities today. Insurance premiums keep growing in the global market and so does the share of life insurance in the total premium structure. As early as in 1996, it constituted 57%, while the others, non-life insurances, constituted 43%. This paper treats the historical development of life insurance, from the very origins of this type of insurance to this very day.
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Human rights and the social position of citizens in ancient Rome
Статья научная
The paper analyzes the status aspects of human rights during the period of existence of the Roman state. Considering the fact that it was the empire lasted for several centuries, the position of a human in it and his/ her rights changed. The modern understanding of human rights originates from the period of the end of the 18th and the beginning of the 19th century, when The School of Natural Law laid the foundations of the understanding of human, natural rights, which did not exist in that form during the ancient period. The primary social differentiation of the population in ancient Rome was based on a simple division of people into free ones and slaves. From this premise, they built the foundations of their rights as well as their social, legal and political positions. In theory, Roman history is chronologically divided into four periods: The period of Kings, The period of the Republic, the Principate and the Dominate. In those periods, the social structure differed significantly. The aim of this paper is to show the position of the population in each of these periods, their rights and mutual relationships. The Roman law represents the cradle of contemporary continental law, and the germ of human rights was “sown” exactly in that period, which, for this reason, deserves to be the subject of a deeper professional analysis.
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Human rights’ approach to environmental protection – practice of the Human Rights Committee
Статья научная
The consequences of environmental degradation and pollution have raised the issue of the significance of the link between human rights and environmental protection. Since the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights does not explicitly recognize the right to a healthy environment, the Human Rights Committee has accepted the possibility that a State Party can violate a number of civil and political rights by its acts or failures in the field of environmental protection. The main purpose of the paper is to analyze the practice of the Committee in order to define the standards in the context of violation of human rights by environmental degradation. The paper will address regular reports submitted by State Parties, as well as general comments and concluding observations of the Committee. A special attention will be paid to the views of the Committee regarding the individual complaints received under the First Optional Protocol to the ICCPR. On the basis of the analytical discussion, the authors will provide a conceptual clarity to the interpretation of standards that might be useful in articulating the civil and political rights related to environmental protection.
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Human vs. Artificial intelligence - EU's legal response
Статья научная
Artificial intelligence (AI) has the capacity to improve not only the individual quality of life, but also economic and social welfare. Although the AI systems have many advantages, they also pose significant risks, creating a wide range of moral and legal dilemmas. The European Union has been creating a legal framework for developing, trading, and using AI-driven products, services, and systems to reduce the risks connected with the AI systems and to prevent any possible harm they may cause. The main focus of this paper refers to the analysis of the Proposal for the Artificial Intelligence Act submitted by the European Commission in April 2021. The goal of the article is to move toward a possible resolution to the dilemma of whether the AIA proposal is appropriate for the AI era by addressing the scope of its application, the prohibited AI practices, rules on high-risk AI systems, specific transparency obligations, as well as certain regulatory gaps. The article should be viewed as an initial analysis of the AIA proposal in order to provide a useful framework for the future discussion.
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Ilegalne migracije stanovništva u Libiji
Статья научная
Migracije sežu daleko u istoriju, sve do nastanka samog čoveka. Izražavaju se njegovim stalnim kretanjem iz mesta u mesto, bez ograničenja i ometanja u potrazi za bezbednošću ili begom od prirode i vremenskih prilika. Motivacija i pokretač za to su volja za opstankom, očuvanjem života i produženjem vrste ili želja da se otkriju okruženja koja su podobnija i više odgovaraju njegovim potrebama i ambicijama. Libija spada u red zemalja koje su ozbiljno zahvaćene procesom ilegalnih migracija. Oni su uzrokovani dejstvom dva osnovna faktora od kojih prvi predstavlja geografski položaj a drugi zavidan nivo životnog standarda građana Libije u odnosu na zemlje u njenom okruženju. Shodno tome, u radu će biti prikazani, kako teorijski okviri, tako i praktična iskustva koja je autorka imala tokom svog života i rada u Libiji.
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Статья научная
Trade, as a form of commodity-money relations, has a long history. It begins with the first forms of exchange of goods for money and other valuables. Given that the purpose of trade is the acquisition of profit based on the sale and purchase of goods and services, this activity undoubtedly enabled the commercial class of society to accumulate significant wealth. This is why merchants are considered to be among the wealthiest people in the society, from the beginning of the first states, up to the present day. However, trading often represents an ‘ideal’ way of acquiring illegal gains, which can rapidly increase if it is carried out over a long period of time. The suppression of various forms of illegal trade is carried out at the legal and institutional level. Hence, regulations in this field can be classified into basic ones (governing trading activities), criminal ones (specifying particular criminal offenses), and misdemeanor ones (prescribing penalties for legal entities and individuals). The legal peculiarity in regulating trade, including its legal forms, lies in the extensive catalog of different procedures. In the field of criminal law, there is an independent criminal offense of the same name with multiple forms. In our country, judicial practice is full of various cases in which the criminal ingenuity of the actors of illegal trade is especially manifested. The inspection authorities are the society’s first line of defense against various forms of illicit trade. In the process of carrying out regular and extraordinary supervision, they observe and initiate investigation into the responsibility for offenses in the domain of illegal trade. In the field of criminal law, there is an independent criminal offense of the same name, which has several forms. Consequently, this paper gives an overview of the legal mechanisms for suppressing illegal trade in our country.
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Imovina deteta - upravljanje, korišćenje i raspolaganje
Статья научная
The child is every minor who did not acquire full active legal capacity before the majority. Parents have the right and duty at the same time to be the lawful representatives of their child entering into all transactions of property acquisition. They can also represent their child on the base of contract in all the transactions that child can enter into on the ground of it's active legal capacity. The child who did not reach the age of fourteen is able to carry out by itself only the transactions for acquiring rights (donation, commodatum), not obligations. It may carry out the usual daily transactions too. The child who reached the age of fourteen can enter into all other transactions with the consent of it's parents. When the object of transaction is movable property of great value or real estate, the permission of the welfare committee is necessary for validity of such transaction. The 15-year-old child acquires the working capacity and capability of free managing and disposal of the property acquired by the work. The parents manage and dispose of the property not acquired by the child's work and of the property acquired by the work of the child who did not reach the age of fifteen. Adoptive parent has the same rights as parent on this matter. If a child is in guardianship, the custodian needs the consent of the welfare committee for the transactions beyond the ordinary managing of protégé's property and for the transactions of protégé's property disposal. Established fostering does not influence on the parent rights and duties to manage and dispose of the child's property.
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