Review paper. Рубрика в журнале - Pravo - teorija i praksa
Criminal act of violation of equality: Scope and specificity
Статья научная
The basic principles underlying every democratic society are the rule of law, respect for human rights and freedom and equality of all citizens. Discrimination is a direct violation of these principles. Protection against discrimination requires an effective social reaction which involves taking appropriate measures in the first place of a preventive, and then repressive character. In the system of repressive measures, the criminal justice measures occupy a significant place. Their application must enable the sanction not only of violence, due to racial, ethnic, religious or other diversity, but also the incitement to such behavior. This requires monitoring of international standards in this area and their implementation in domestic legislation. The numerous changes and amendments of the Criminal Code also intervened in the sphere of personal rights and freedoms of man and citizen, in addition to the existing ones, as well as the introduction of new incriminations that protect these rights. The legal description of the criminal offense of violation of equality represents a specific definition of discrimination and the basis from which other crimes that violate the rights and freedoms of man were defined. This criminal offense provides the most complete criminal justice protection of human rights.
Бесплатно
Criminal analysis of the offense – abuse in the privatization process
Статья научная
Compatibility with the standards of the European Union in terms of the criminal law regulation of all offenses that disrupt economic flows and values in a country, greatly affects, among the other things, the stability of economy as a basic social activity. The consequences of all individual criminal acts can have a very strong impact on certain aspects of economic relations. Comprehensive criminal regulation does a lot in the field of economic stability. Bearing in mind the topic of this paper, after a brief theoretical overview of the concept of privatization, the paper provides a criminological overview of the causes and forms of criminal behavior in the privatization process, as well as a criminal law analysis of the criminal act of Abuse in the privatization process. Abuse in the privatization process is a criminal offense regulated by the Article 228a of the Criminal Code of Republic of Serbia (2005), and it is classified in the twenty-second chapter entitled “Criminal offenses against economy”. The criminal act of Abuse in the privatization process belongs to criminal acts violating the rules of legal business operations.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
Undoubtedly, one of the leading movements at the global level in the past few decades was the movement for the global and intensive protection of the human environment, that is, the affirmation of the right of man to a healthy environment, as a distinct right. Bearing in mind the importance of a healthy environment and the importance of its protection, which has grown from a social need into a legal imperative, it is certainly justified to establish the environment as an independent and primary collective object of protection within the domestic criminal legislation. Taking into account the tendencies on the international and comparative level regarding the regulation of the criminal law protection of the environment, the domestic legislator dedicates an entire chapter of the Criminal Code precisely to incriminations that have the environment as an object of protection, in various forms. As the first offense provided for in Chapter 24 i.e., Criminal offenses against the environment, the legislator defines the general and most significant criminal offense from the group of criminal offenses against the environment, namely, Environmental pollution. This paper is dedicated to the analysis of this criminal offense in domestic criminal legislation, with reference to individual solutions contained in the legislation of the Republic of Croatia and pointing out their differences.
Бесплатно
Criminal offense of inciting national, racial, and religious hatred and intolerance
Статья научная
In our region, multi-ethnicity, multi-confessionalism, and multilingualism are common phenomena, and therefore the challenges they face are not exceptions. With the emancipation and transition of countries in the region, accession to the European Union, states have brought new legislative frameworks in which they have recognized long- standing personal characteristics of their citizens, provided protection for these characteristics, and criminalized attacks based on these personal characteristics, as well as incitement of hatred and intolerance based on the same. This paper presents the criminal offense of inciting national, racial, and religious hatred and intolerance, within the framework of constitutional and particularly criminal law. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the legal framework and the provision of the offense in the legislation of the Republic of Serbia, the actions and methods of committing this criminal offense. Additionally, attention is given to the analysis of motives and reasons, as well as the consequences of committing this offense, questions of causality and possibilities of concurrence with other criminal offenses. Some important characteristics of this criminal offense are also discussed, such as: place, object, time, perpetrator, and form of guilt for the execution of the crime.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
Based on the data from official documents of the Republic Statistical Office and judicial institutions of the Republic of Serbia, the paper analyzes and presents the results of research related to the threat to property and real rights in the Republic of Serbia in the period from 2009 to 2019. We performed the analysis of available data in order to detect the “loss of crime” in a group of crimes aimed at protecting property. The purpose of this paper is a causal analysis of crimes against property in the entire territory of the Republic of Serbia with the aim of revealing causal relations and links between the number of reported, accused and convicted persons for these crimes, to determine the degree of loss of crime and take systemic measures to reduce that loss measure, in accordance with the standards of developed countries.
Бесплатно
Da li sudije stvaraju pravo ili ga samo primenjuju?
Статья научная
Ovaj rad obrađuje pitanje sudskog stvaranja prava, kao jedno od retkih pitanja u pravnoj nauci koja su izazvala toliko interesovanja, nesporazuma i kontraverznih mišljenja. U pravnoj teoriji postoje oprečna shvatanja o mogućnosti stvaranja prava sudskim presudama, koji pored mnogobrojnih razlika imaju i zajedničke dodirne tačke. Mi smo prilikom postavljanja cilja ovog istraživanja ostali skromni i zadržali se u onoj problematici koja ne prevazilazi domen nauke, pa smo i postavljenom cilju prilagodili strukturu rada, u kojem smo analizirali sudsku presudu kao izvor prava, poredili sudsku presudu sa formalnim izvorom prava, odnosno zakonom, i bavili se ujednačavanjem sudske prakse u pravosudnom sistemu Republike Srbije.
Бесплатно
Decentralizacija, regionalizacija i oblici organizovanja policije
Статья
The paper first elaborates basic theoretical and practical political and legal factors which determine the position of the police; it then explains the role of police within the corrective state apparatus. At the same time terms of ’centralism’ and ’decentralization’, as principles of organizing government agencies, as well as police and security services, are being discussed from the point of view of their territorial division; organization and the status of security in the past two decades of the development of the Republic of Serbia are also presented. Experiences in the field of police organization and operation are being analyzed in context of police reform and prevailing theories on incorporating the police into a local community.
Бесплатно
Deliktna odgovornost pravnih lica
Статья научная
Istorija delikata je poznavala fizička lica kao jedine subjekte koji su, svojim konkretnim postupcima, činili različite vrste pravno-nedozvoljenih ponašanja. Kazniti se mogao čovek koji je preduzimanjem ili propuštanjem radnje proizvodio zabranjenu posledicu. Međutim, razvoj industrijalizacije i ekspanzija privrednih aktivnosti dovela je do osnivanja pravnih lica, odnosno privrednih subjekata. Oni su stupali u različite vrste pravnih odnosa u čijoj osnovi je bila želja za sticanjem profita. U tom kontekstu dolazi do pojave prvih oblika pravno-nedozvoljenih delatnosti pravnih lica koje se odvijaju u finansijskoj sferi. Krajnja posledica protivpravnih postupaka pravnih lica sastojala se u nanošenju enormno velike štete koja je prevazilazila onu koju su mogli učiniti ljudi kao subjekti deliktne odgovornosti. S obzirom da je pravoverni pratilac društvenih zbivanja prirodno je da se pravnim uređenjem delatnosti pravnih lica nastojalo odgovoriti njihovim pravno-nedozvoljenim ponašanjima. Otuda deliktnu odgovornost pravnih lica možemo podeliti na: prekršajnu, privredno-prestupnu i krivičnu. U Srbiji je prethodne decenije premijerno uvedena krivična odgovornost pravnih lica čime je naša država svrstana u red pravno uređenih evropskih zemalja. Međutim, time nije isključena njihova odgovornost za prekršaje i privredne prestupe kao posebne oblike deliktne odgovornosti. Polazeći od navedenog, autor želi ukazati na osnovne elemente sva tri oblika deliktne odgovornosti pravnih lica u našem pravnom sistemu. Redosled izlaganja biće usklađen sa momentom njihovog uvođenja u naše pozitivno pravo. Zato će najpre biti reči o prekršajnoj, a zatim o privredno-prestupnoj i krivičnoj odgovornosti pravnih lica.
Бесплатно
Deprivation of parental rights and “the best interest of the child”
Статья научная
In contemporary times, children are recognized as holders of their own rights, which is a departure from past practices. The state delegates authority to participate in and intervene in family matters through designated guardianship bodies and local courts. The deprivation of parental rights carries significant and enduring consequences for both parents and children, with the entire process governed by the legal principle of the best interest of the child. Unfortunately, the “best interest of the child,” while a widely used concept, lacks precise legal definition, potentially leading to adverse effects on the child’s psychological and physical development.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
Upbringing of a child and choosing a method, consciously or unconsciously, has existed since parenting. The aim of this paper is to present the choice of a violent method in upbringing – a corporal punishment of a child, the way how it affects a child’s development and consequences it can cause. Having in mind the complex and sensitive character of the phenomenon, the topic was explored from the aspect of a legal science, but also from the point of non-legal disciplines, such as psychology, sociology of a family and pedagogy. Observations of the achivements from the point of a child`s psychology are of an exceptional importance for the analysis of the consequences that a corporal punishment has on a child. The conclusion indicates that, although the family environment is the most desirable environment for a child, the choice of violent methods in education affects the proper growth and development of children, and it can lead to both temporary and permanent consequences related to a child`s mental and physical health as well as its emotional development. There are difficulties in determining how violent parenting affects a child’s emotional and physical safety and health, unless the result is a more serious physical injury or death. Although the responsibility lies primarely with the family and the activities of the parents, in practice, the most desirable approach is a close cooperation of all adults working with children, including educators, doctors and the whole society.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
Digitalization strongly affects the economy and society as a whole in different dimensions. The process of digitalization of the Business Registers Agency, including the registration procedure of business entities, is one of the priority tasks aimed at increasing efficiency and economy as well as economic prosperity in general. Certainly, there is a prerequisite referring to the existence of digital literacy, which is not an isolated category, but rather a superstructure of earlier forms of literacy. It is undeniable that every innovation arises as a privilege of the higher social classes, which, by inertia, turns into a need of the others. In this paper, it has been analyzed the legislative framework of electronic registration of business entities. Starting from the point of view that economic growth, competitiveness on the market, and socio-economic development represent the nowadays necessity, the authors, through this paper, primarily try to define the achieved progress of the work of the Business Registers Agency (BRA) in registering business entities in the digitalization process. The quintessence of this work is the identification of the availability of digital tools for the registration of economic entities, as well as their quantification and qualification.
Бесплатно
Dinamika ekonomskih reformi - uloga sive ekonomije u zemljama u tranziciji
Статья научная
Transfromacija bivših socijalističkih zemalja Evrope privukla je ogromnu pažnju svetske naučne zajednice, kako iz akademskih tako i iz ekonomskih i političkih razloga. Poučeni iskustvom zemalja latinske Amerike koje su par decenija ranije prolazile kroz sličan period paralelne demokratizacije i transformacije u otvorene, tržišne ekonomije, mnogi stručnjaci su tada predvideli teška vremena za tranicione zemlje Evrope, upozoravajući na destabilizacioni efekat koji proizilazi iz simultanog odvijanja ova dva procesa i njihovih unutrašnjih sukoba. Posledica toga je da se većina analitičara i savetnika dala u zagovaranje nekog oblika 'insulacije' izvršne vlasti od većinske volje, 'depolitizacije reformi' ili implementacije radikalnih ekonomskih programa koji isključuju mogućnost povratka na stari kurs. Danas, sve manja izlaznost na izborima i učestali izlivi javnih protesta i demonstracija od strane politički ekstremnih ili zapostavljenih grupa stanovništva izazivaju zabrinutost iz potpuno suprotnih razloga. Paradoksalno, jedno od najozbiljnijih pitanja u regionu danas je upravo pitanje, zašto protesta nije bilo, i zašto to može biti loše za kvalitet, a možda i stabilnost post-tranzicione demokratije i privrede uopšte. U ovom radu se kao razlog neobične trpeljivosti građana post-socijalističkih zemalja ističe uloga i razvoj sive ekonomije i razvija teza da upravo ovaj fenomen konstituiše mehanizam, koji pomaže stabilizaciju sveukupnih reformi ali i doprinosi njihovom nižem kvalitetu.
Бесплатно
Diversion model of responding to juvenile delinquency and the role of the social welfare system
Статья научная
Advocating for the widest possible diversionary response to juvenile delinquency is a general trend and a key tendency of modern juvenile criminal law. Scientific research and the focus on the best interests of the child strongly support the aforementioned facts. However, there is arisen a question concerning the fact how the general and abstract support for diversion and suspension of criminal proceedings, and transferring the juvenile offenders to the social welfare system, is reflected in everyday practice. Therefore, the paper starts with some introductory considerations about the concept and positive aspects of the diversion model, followed by the review of certain criticisms addressed to it. We devote the central part of the paper to the analysis of data related to Serbia and the social welfare service in Belgrade, in order to test the hypothesis of insufficiency of support for the diversion model in practice. The aim of this paper is to conceptualize recommendations for improving the practice of dealing with juvenile offenders in the juvenile justice system. We used an analytical-synthetic approach with the use of content analysis, normative, comparative and descriptive-statistical method.
Бесплатно
Divorce by mutual agreement and notary
Статья научная
Divorce by mutual agreement is subject to a court procedure, but in most countries a notarial procedure is applied in the case of a consensual divorce. In this article, the topic of discussion is a conventional divorce, which is characterized by the fact that the dissolution of marriage is solely the result of the consensual will of two spouses. In our legislation, a con sensual divorce is not entrusted to notaries. The aim of this paper is to outline the advantages and limitations of a divorce proceedings with notaries, and what the rights and obligations of notaries are in the event of solving such disputes. Also, the paper presents the postulates of divorce by a notary public in the practice of Great Britain, so that the best practice can be taken over and successfully implemented in the legal system of our country.
Бесплатно
Dobrovoljna likvidacija privrednih društava
Статья научная
Dobrovoljna likvidacija privrednih društava je redovan način prestanka privrednih društava. Likvidacija društva počinje danom registracije odluke o likvidaciji i objavljivanjem oglasa o pokretanju likvidacije u Registru privrednih subjekata koji vodi Agencija za privredne registre u skladu sa Zakonom o postupku registracije u Agenciji za privredne registre a prestaje brisanjem društva iz Registra. Likvidacioni upravnik zastupa privredno društvo u likvidaciji i odgovoran je za vođenje poslova društva i isplatu potraživanja poveriocima. Za vreme postupka likvidacije privredno društvo ima ograničenu pravnu i poslovnu sposobnost. Pokretanjem postupka likvidacije prestaje radni odnos zaposlenima. U radu su prikazani pravni aspekti dobrovoljne likvidacije privrednih društava - osnovni pojmovi; ovlašćenja, dužnosti i odgovornosti likvidacionog upravnika; pravne posledice pokretanja postupka likvidacije; posledice po zaposlene i poverioce; prava i odgovornosti osnivača društva koje se likvidira. Autor je, koristeći sudsku praksu, posebno osvetlio sporne situacije.
Бесплатно
Dokumentacija i obeležavanje vozila u drumskom saobraćaju
Статья научная
Ekonomska uloga i značaj drumskog saobraćaja u privredi većine nacionalnih ekonomija bitna je komponenta razvoja i instrument ostvarivanja finansijskih sredstava. Pravni instrumenti, kao sredstva za ostvarenje cilja, treba da su tako postavljeni da doprinose pravnoj uređenosti i sigurnosti nacionalne ekonomije, da se međusobno ne isključuju nego da doprinose razvoju drumskog saobraćaja, brzom i bezbednom prevozu robe i ostvarivanju ekonomskih efekata. Savremeni tokovi prometa zahtevaju kombinovanje različitih vidova saobraćaja i razvijenu saobraćajnu infrastrukturu ali i harmonizovana pravna pravila, dokumentaciju i obeležavanje vozila u drumskom saobraćaju, evidencije o efikasnosti troškova maziva i goriva u sistemu poreza na dodatu vrednost, ujednačena pravila prevoza u drumskom saobraćaju za sopstvene potrebe i dokumentaciju koja se drži u vozilima.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
Ovaj rad analizira proces primene i usvajanja zajedničke transportne politike Evropske unije od strane zemalja zapadnog Balkana kao veoma važan korak u uspostavljanju kako boljih međusobnih veza i odnosa ovih zemalja, tako i njihovog približavanja Evropskoj uniji. Kvalitetnija prekogranična trgovina i saradnja zemalja zapadnog Balkana je važan element budućeg razvoja ovih država. Značajnu ulogu u ovim procesima imaju i deregulacija i liberalizacija tržišta transporta. U ovom radu se razmatra trenutna situacija na polju zakonske regulative transporta u regionu, kao i transportna infrastruktura, pogotovo uloga Dunava kao evropskog i regionalnog saobraćajnog koridora. Poređenjem podataka o stepenu korišćenja rečnog saobraćaja pokazuje se da ovaj resurs nije iskorišćen na zadovoljavajući način, ali i da predstavlja značajan potencijal na koji treba računati u budućnosti.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
Electronic money and electronic banking represents a result of the wide application of the information and communication technologies. The paper contains an analysis of characteristics, factors of development and economic effects of the electronic money and electronic banking. In this paper we start from the hypothesis that the electronic money and electronic banking is necessary as a form of marketing communication, because it positively affects the speed and efficiency of operations.
Бесплатно
Enforcement of public notary documents
Статья научная
By passing the Law on Public Notaries, the Serbian legislator regulates the issue of the operation of public notaries, their services and activities. The modern public notary practice represents a specific legal activity which contributes to the rise of legal security and the de-congestion of courts. It also leads to a more efficient exercise of the citizens rights and the realization of their civil rights much faster and more easily. A public notary performs a public service autonomously and independently being the party’s independent commissioner, and his/her participation in preparing the documents attests to their truthfulness and content. As a result, public notary documents occupy a significant place in contemporary legal transactions. According to the Law on Public Notaries, public notary documents have the property of enforceability, under certain conditions they can provide a basis to directly institute enforcement proceedings before a court of law when the stipulated conditions are satisfied. It is deemed a positive and very useful legal solution, because of which the authors will, in this paper, point out some relevant key points and specific features regarding the enforcement of public notary documents.
Бесплатно
Ethical and legal aspects of public relations
Статья научная
Public Relations (PR), a significant component of the media industry, also represents a management function that helps establish and maintain beneficial connections between the organization and various stakeholders. The evolution of the public relations profession is commonly perceived as a qualitative shift from the unethical practices that dominated several decades since the 1920s to strategically and ethically conducted campaigns in contemporary business. However, when considering the practice of PR in the first decades of the 21st century, numerous concerns arise regarding ethical dilemmas, conflicts, and, consequently, the ethical decisionmaking process. The main objective of this paper is to offer an overview of ethics and its development in PR. The application of ethical principles based on utilitarian, deontological, situational and virtue approaches is discussed. This study also analyzes the most frequently encountered ethical problems in contemporary PR practice. Finally, the paper delves into some models of the ethical decision-making process and discusses the legal consequences of PR.
Бесплатно
