Review paper. Рубрика в журнале - Pravo - teorija i praksa
Статья научная
Decentralizacija fiskalnog sistema jedne države zahteva pružanje odgovora na više pitanja. Najznačajnije pitanje, svakako, je raspodela javnih rashoda, jer se finansiranje određuje prema potrebama. Takođe, ne manje važno pitanje je i raspodela javnih prihoda. Značajno je navesti kako u različitim državama deluju različiti faktori koji utiču na stvaranje društveno-političkog i ekonomskog sistema, a takođe i na stvaranje fiskalnog sistema. Evropska Povelja o lokalnoj samoupravi predstavlja instrument za definisanje i zaštitu principa lokalne autonomije, i predstavlja jedan od stubova demokratije koju Veće Evrope brani i razvija kao temeljnu evropsku vrednost. Cilj Povelje je da ispravi nedostatke zajedničkih evropskih standarda za ocenu i zaštitu prava lokalnih organa vlasti, te da se građanima pruži mogućnost učešća u donošenju odluka koje se tiču njihovog svakodnevnog života.
Бесплатно
Extraordinary legal remedies with regard to the solutions of the previous civil proceedings laws
Статья научная
One of the features of procedural proceedings including the civil proceedings too, is a possibility of declaring extraordinary legal remedies. After the decision made by the first-instance courts, there is a regular remedy being declared, and an extraordinary legal remedy can be issued to the final decisions. In this paper, the author will show the development and types of extraordinary remedies, from the first Law on Civil Proceedings brought in 1929 (entered into force in 1932) to the applicable Law on Civil Proceedings from 2011. By using the historical, normative and comparative methods, there will be shown both the positive and negative sides of extraordinary legal remedies in the Serbian legislation.
Бесплатно
Family and unemployment: The current state and perspectives in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina
Статья научная
Nowadays, in Serbia, almost 30% of families live without any income. Unemployment is the biggest source of disorders, and, according to some authors, it is the source of all pathologies degrading human personality. In order some fundamental changes to be made, the traditional Serbian families and system of high quality values to be preserved, it is necessary, starting from primary school, to educate both children and parents, because, in many cases, they do not notice a problem, and consequently they do not know how to treat it adequately. In this paper the author analyzes the relationship between the family and social phenomenon of unemployment primarily through its impact on children in the family. The paper is based on the research conducted on the territory of the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina. Through the conclusions the author makes certain suggestions, which, in the future, should lead to the stabilization of the undermined role of the family in our society.
Бесплатно
Family as a factor of socialization and resocialization
Статья научная
A family represents the basic unit of the society. It has a crucial influence on developing both positive and negative tendencies in the young population. A social role of a family comprises the active relationship of its senior members, especially the parents, in the process of socialization of the youngs – children and minors. In a process of resocialization, a proper positioning of family members represents the highest achievement in the realization of its social role. In such a way, a family gives an active contribution to affirming the positive social values. However, the expected social role of the family is often being corrupted by the deviant and criminal behavior of its junior members. Thus, this is a clear signal that the socialization was unsuccessful. The reasons may be found in its partial or complete deficiency. When a family fails to complete its role, then we have on the scene the members of the young population who do not comply with moral and legal norms. Consequently, they must be subjected to a process of resocialization. This process includes various subjects: the court, social welfare center, local community, school, family and the offender him/herself. They jointly participate in a resocialization process as a form of rehabilitation. Although in this process the family role is being realized within the legal frames (issued sentences or decisions), it is undisputable that it plays the important role. Hence, we find necessary to point out the specific role of the family as a factor in the socialization and resocialization process.
Бесплатно
Family law protection in light of rehabilitation of persons with conduct disorder
Статья научная
Family law protection and rehabilitation of persons with conduct disorder is a serious medical, psychological, socio-economic and general social problem. The attention of a large number of experts in various fields of science, such as economics, medicine, sociology, law etc., is focused on solving this problem, and all of them offer their own interpretation. However, a comprehensive analysis of family law protection, rehabilitation and social integration requires an interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approach. From their perspective, the above mentioned fields of science devote considerable time to solving this problem, but an adequate result has not been achieved yet. With this regard it is necessary to associate the system of family law protection with rehabilitation of persons with acute or chronic conduct disorder.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
Domestic violence is a widespread and deeply rooted social problem. With the aim of stopping violence and preventing further manifestations of domestic violence, the Family Law prescribes protection measures, but also a special procedure for protection against domestic violence. The goal of this paper is to analyze some processual aspects of this procedure and the challenges that the courts are faced, especially as regards the beginning of the procedure, i.e. a legal nature of lawsuits for protection against domestic violence, a special urgency of the procedure and deviations from the principle of disposition, as well as the measures for protection against domestic violence and the criteria by which the court is guided in the procedure of their passing.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
In the modern society, domestic violence is a socially unacceptable phenomenon. The most common form of domestic violence is the violence against women, while as the most severe form of violence against women singles out femicide - a gender-based murder. One of the measures taken by Republic of Serbia in order to reduce domestic violence is the adoption of the Law on Prevention of Domestic Violence. In order to prevent femicide, the most important innovations provided by law are urgent measures imposed by the competent police officer; a mandatory risk assessment of recurrence violence; a mandatory coordination and cooperation between the competent services and case records violence. This paper analyzes not just criminal and family law measures providing protection from domestic violence, but also the results of the application of these measures in the context of femicide prevention.
Бесплатно
Financial statements and audit in the insurance company
Статья научная
In accordance with the Law on Insurance and the Law on Accounting and Audit, insurance companies in Serbia are required to prepare financial statements. These materials are submitted to the Agency of Business Registers and the National Bank of Serbia from 31st December of the reporting year according to the Law on Accounting and Audit. Insurance companies which undergo a change in a legal position, such as mergers, divisions, i.e. sales, have to submit financial statements with a cut-off on the day determined by the decision on the change of a legal position or on the day determined by the sales contract. Furthermore, financial reports are submitted in the cases of the insolvency proceedings or liquidation of an insurance company. The notion of audit in an insurance company has its importance from the Insurance Law itself, in which the entire Chapter 9 is dedicated to the audit of financial statements. It deals with the performance of the audit, prior consent to the selection of the audit company, liabilities of the audit company, and the check of the audit report and the notification of the body responsible for supervising the audit.1 The significance and role of audit in an insurance company is far broader, which will be explored later in this paper.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
Broadly defined, codification is every complete legal regulation of a legal area, regardless of whether it was achieved through one or various legal acts. There were codifications in the ancient history (Hammurabi Code, Code of Justinian), as well as in the medieval period, though feudalism was the epoch of uncodified and particular law. Still, the number of codifications rose even further in the transition period from feudalism to capitalism, with the creation of national markets and centralised nation states. Thus commenced the epoch of bourgeoisie codifications with the French civil code in 1804. Following the French, the Civil Code of Austria was enacted in 1811, followed by the General Property Code for the principality of Montenegro in 1888, the German Civil Code in 1896, and in 1844 Civil Code of Laws of Principality of Serbia, which constitute the topic of this paper.
Бесплатно
Flexible forms of work and work engagement
Статья научная
Global trends in the working world clearly show the changes in the character of labor relations with a significant representation of flexible forms of work. It is an atypical form of work organization that arises as a consequence of strong globalization flows, economic crisis, information and technological revolution, and which stands against the labor law standard of a classical employment, being represented in the form of the employment contract for an indefinite period of time with full time employment. Starting from the concept of flexicurity as the dominant concept in the EU, flexicurity seeks to establish a balance between flexibility in the organization of work in order to preserve stability. Through the flexible organization of work and working hours, there establishes a kind of balance between working hours, the rest time and time for socialization and social activity. However, on the other hand, a flexible organization of work can reduce the rights of the employees and workers outside the employment relationship, especially if this form of work is abused in practice by the contracts concluded contrary to their essence or legal norm. The authors use the historical, comparative- legal and sociological method, as well as the statistical data in the analysis of research subjects with the aim of providing the concrete proposals for the improvement of the existing normative framework.
Бесплатно
Forging payment cards and cybercrime
Статья научная
Payment card forging and high-tech crime are deeply rooted problems in today’s society. These sophisticated forms of crime utilize advanced techniques and high-tech tools to illegally access financial resources and commit fraud. Payment card forgery involves the creation of fake copies of debit or credit cards with the intent of conducting illegal financial transactions. Access to card data is achieved through various methods, including skimming (illegally collecting card data), phishing (fraud through fake emails or web pages), or the physical theft of cards. Simultaneously, high-tech crime encompasses a wide range of activities aimed at the misuse of digital technologies and networks to achieve financial gain or harm to individuals, companies, or states. These crimes often include computer fraud, cyber-attacks, and digital fraud. This paper aims to highlight the importance and seriousness of payment card forgery, explore different methods and patterns of these criminal activities, and emphasize their specific connection with high-tech crime. Different methodologies were applied in the research including quantitative and qualitative content analysis, comparative analysis, as well as descriptive and analytical statistics. The obtained results clearly indicate the growing importance of this problem both in the legislative and in the criminological contexts, with a constant increase in the number of committed criminal acts. Additionally, the research highlights the inextricable link between payment card forgery and various forms of high-tech crime, which often intertwine and together constitute an overarching challenge to the justice system and the security of society. Finally, the paper will consider various strategies and methods that society and the state can use to counter the spread of these criminal activities. The ultimate goal is to preserve the safety and integrity of the financial system and protect the interests of individuals.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
The concept of fundamental breach of contract under the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) of 1980 plays a pivotal role in determining the legal remedies available to the aggrieved party. It allows for contract termination only in instances where a breach is deemed fundamental. This paper delves into a comprehensive analysis of the institution of fundamental breach of contract and its characteristics, providing insight into how the Convention distinguishes between a fundamental breach and a non-fundamental breach. As a result, it assists in resolving potential uncertainties and dilemmas the aggrieved party might face concerning the choice of legal remedies. The analysis begins with an exploration of the background and drafting process of Article 25 of the Convention. The focus then shifts to an in-depth analysis of the institution of fundamental breach of contract. This covers how and why the distinction between a fundamental breach and a non-fundamental breach emerged, leading up to an intricate examination of all the conditions and features of a fundamental breach of contract, all with the aim of accurately defining this term in line with the provisions of the Convention. The study also encompasses a review of pertinent judicial and arbitral practices, aiding in a better understanding of the practical application and interpretation of the institution of fundamental breach of contract. Special attention is devoted to analyzing how the aggrieved party can be confident in its right to terminate the contract and how to sidestep potential hazards and consequences of an unjustified termination. Through a detailed review of the Convention's provisions and both judicial and arbitral practices, this paper offers a succinct insight into the institution of fundamental breach of contract in the context of international sales of goods. It investigates how contracting parties can safeguard themselves and how they can act in accordance with the rights and obligations stipulated by the Convention.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
Region se posmatra kao 'izvesno jedinstvo država u geografskom smislu, grupa državnih teritorija koje čine jedinstvenu teritoriju, a čiji stanovnici su posebni ili drugačiji u odnosu na druge stanovnike, zbog specifičnosti u bilo kom vidu koje oni žele da sačuvaju, bilo da su to nacionalne, kulturne ili druge specifičnosti'. Tako shvaćen region se suočava tokom svog postojanja sa brojnim izazovima, kao što su: neravnomeran ekonomski razvoj regiona unutar jedne države, koji nužno vodi do polarizacije i separacije regiona u nezavisne države; nedovoljno snažan državni aparat koji može da nadvlada sve globalizacijske procese posebno kad su 'države nacije' u pitanju, i problem da se ljudi teže navikavaju na misao o 'Evropi regiona', umesto dosadašnje prihvatljive 'Evrope država'. No i pored svih problema i izazova, region, regionalizam i regionalna država stoje kao 'treći put', kompromis između federacija i konfederacija.
Бесплатно
Građansko-pravna zaštita prava intelektualne svojine
Статья научная
Predmet ovog rada je pravna zaštita prava intelektualne svojine, s posebnim osvrtom na građansko-pravnu zaštitu, koja je predviđena zakonima u oblasti intelektualne svojine, kao lex specialis, uz osvrt na sudsku praksu posle 2000. godine. Građansko-pravna zaštita obuhvata četiri vrste tužbi. Tužba zbog povrede prava se sastoji od šest tužbenih zahteva. Sud može doneti privremenu meru i naložiti sredstvo obezbeđenja.
Бесплатно
Građanskopravni osnovi odgovornosti stečajnog upravnika i države u stečajnom postupku
Статья научная
Stečajni upravnik odgovara ličnom imovinom za štetu prouzrokovanu učesnicima u postupku namerno ili krajnjom nepažnjom, a teret dokazivanja takvih kvalifikovanih oblika nevinosti je na oštećenom licu. Kada je šteta prouzrokovana običnom nepažnjom - nehatom postoji odgovornost države - Republike Srbije, kao pravnog lica za štetu koju prouzrokuje njegov organ. Za štetu prouzrokovanu učesnicima u postupku namerno ili krajnjom nepažnjom postoji solidarna odgovornost stečajnog upravnika i Republike Srbije. Prigovor u postupku prodaje imovine stečajnog dužnika, ne utiče na punovažnost izvršene prodaje, već predstavlja osnov za utvrđivanje odgovornosti stečajnog upravnika ako je šteta nastala radnjom stečajnog upravnika u postupku prodaje.
Бесплатно
Hibridni sud za Istočni Timor - pravna i politička dimenzija
Статья научная
Međunarodni krivični sud u Istočnom Timoru Ujedinjene nacije su ustanovile nezavisno od odluka nacionalnih vlasti. On je, kao i drugi sudovi tog tipa, bio plod političkih dogovora u okviru Ujedinjenih nacija. Osnivanje ovog suda u velikoj meri bilo je uzrokovano činjenicom da u toj državi nakon povlačenja Indonezije gotovo da nije bilo pravnika s iskustvom rada u pravosuđu. Sud za Istočni Timor prvi je hibridni sud koji je počeo sa radom. Iako mešovitog sastava, on je bio deo nacionalnog pravosudnog sistema. Do osnivanja ovog suda došlo je neposredno nakon što su Ujedinjene nacije uspostavile prelaznu upravu u toj državi. Iako je bilo predloga da se osnuje zaseban tribunal za suđenje osobama odgovornim za zločine, Savet bezbednosti nije postupio po tim preporukama. Umesto toga osnovana su Posebna veća za ozbiljne zločine sastavljena od domaćih i međunarodnih sudija za suđenje osobama osumnjičenim za zločine učinjene u Istočnom Timoru. Posebnim većima data je isključiva nadležnost nad zločinima genocida, ratnim zločinima, zločinima protiv čovečnosti, ubistvima, seksualnim zločinima i mučenjima koja su se dogodili u Istočnom Timoru u razdoblju od 1. januara do 25. oktobra 1999. godine, a pod određenim uslovima i za zločine učinjene pre toga datuma. Materijalna prava koje su primenjivala Posebna veća za zločine genocida, ratne zločine i zločine protiv čovečnosti gotovo je u potpunosti preuzeto iz Rimskog statuta Međunarodnog krivičnog suda.
Бесплатно
Historical development of life insurance
Статья научная
The origins of certain forms of property and life security date back to a very distance past. The beginnings of commodity and monetary relations and class society mark the beginning of insurance activities as well. The basic function of insurance has not changed throughout its history and it amounts to the property and individual protection. Life insurance, as a special type of a personal insurance, occupies an important place in insurance activities today. Insurance premiums keep growing in the global market and so does the share of life insurance in the total premium structure. As early as in 1996, it constituted 57%, while the others, non-life insurances, constituted 43%. This paper treats the historical development of life insurance, from the very origins of this type of insurance to this very day.
Бесплатно
Ilegalne migracije stanovništva u Libiji
Статья научная
Migracije sežu daleko u istoriju, sve do nastanka samog čoveka. Izražavaju se njegovim stalnim kretanjem iz mesta u mesto, bez ograničenja i ometanja u potrazi za bezbednošću ili begom od prirode i vremenskih prilika. Motivacija i pokretač za to su volja za opstankom, očuvanjem života i produženjem vrste ili želja da se otkriju okruženja koja su podobnija i više odgovaraju njegovim potrebama i ambicijama. Libija spada u red zemalja koje su ozbiljno zahvaćene procesom ilegalnih migracija. Oni su uzrokovani dejstvom dva osnovna faktora od kojih prvi predstavlja geografski položaj a drugi zavidan nivo životnog standarda građana Libije u odnosu na zemlje u njenom okruženju. Shodno tome, u radu će biti prikazani, kako teorijski okviri, tako i praktična iskustva koja je autorka imala tokom svog života i rada u Libiji.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
Trade, as a form of commodity-money relations, has a long history. It begins with the first forms of exchange of goods for money and other valuables. Given that the purpose of trade is the acquisition of profit based on the sale and purchase of goods and services, this activity undoubtedly enabled the commercial class of society to accumulate significant wealth. This is why merchants are considered to be among the wealthiest people in the society, from the beginning of the first states, up to the present day. However, trading often represents an ‘ideal’ way of acquiring illegal gains, which can rapidly increase if it is carried out over a long period of time. The suppression of various forms of illegal trade is carried out at the legal and institutional level. Hence, regulations in this field can be classified into basic ones (governing trading activities), criminal ones (specifying particular criminal offenses), and misdemeanor ones (prescribing penalties for legal entities and individuals). The legal peculiarity in regulating trade, including its legal forms, lies in the extensive catalog of different procedures. In the field of criminal law, there is an independent criminal offense of the same name with multiple forms. In our country, judicial practice is full of various cases in which the criminal ingenuity of the actors of illegal trade is especially manifested. The inspection authorities are the society’s first line of defense against various forms of illicit trade. In the process of carrying out regular and extraordinary supervision, they observe and initiate investigation into the responsibility for offenses in the domain of illegal trade. In the field of criminal law, there is an independent criminal offense of the same name, which has several forms. Consequently, this paper gives an overview of the legal mechanisms for suppressing illegal trade in our country.
Бесплатно
