Статьи журнала - Сибирский онкологический журнал
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The impact of cancer diagnosis on employment status in a working population
Статья научная
The aim of this study was to investigate the status of return to work and the influencing factors in patients with common cancers referring to three medical centers during the years 2020 to 2022. Material and Methods. In the present study (a retrospective cohort), all patients who visited three medical centers during the years 2020-2022 and were diagnosed with common cancers (non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, Hodgkin’s lymphoma, gastrointestinal cancers and sarcoma), were included in the study. Work ability index (WAI) was assessed based on selected questions from the WAI questionnaire. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to assess depression and anxiety, and Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI-20) was used to assess the level of fatigue. Then, the data obtained from individuals who returned to work were compared with those who did not return.
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The inflammatory status and lymph node metastases in non-small cell lung cancer
Статья научная
Introduction. The development of inflammation is characterized by changes in blood hematology parameters and indices. Various inflammatory parameters are used to assess the inflammatory status (iS) during cancer treatment. Recent studies have revealed a relationship between tumor progression and the presence of chronic inflammation. Consequently, there have been many attempts to predict the risk of tumor recurrence and distant metastases, as well as patient's survival assessing the various inflammatory markers. The relationship between iS parameters and lymph node metastasis remains poorly understood in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Material and Methods. The prospective study included 35 patients with NSCLC (T1-4N0-2M0). Seventeen patients received 2-3 cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). A leukocyte formula was determined in the peripheral blood and inflammatory indices, such as neutrophils to lymphocytes ratio (NLR), platelets to lymphocytes ratio (PLR), lymphocytes to monocytes ratio (LMR) and systemic immuno-inflammatory index (Sii) were calculated. in addition, the concentrations of fibrinogen, C-reactive protein (CRP) and cortisol were evaluated. Results. NAC alone did not significantly change the parameters of patients' iS. Lymph node metastases were associated with changes in parameters indicating the enhanced iS. in the group of patients who did not receive NAC, lymph node metastasis was associated with fibrinogen blood levels (cut-off value 5.35 g/L), PLR index value (cut-off value 7.18) and cortisol blood concentration (cut-off value 414 nmol/mL). The confidence level was x2=10.118; р=0.018. in the group of patients who received NAC, lymph node metastasis was associated with the leukocyte count (cut-off value 7.1*109/L), PLR index value (cut-off value is 7.18) and CRP blood concentration (cut-off value is 8.5 mg/L). The confidence level was x2=8.193; р=0.042. Conclusion. Risk of lymph node metastasis in NSCLC is associated with iS. Parameters of iS can be used to predict the risk of lymph node metastases.
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Статья научная
Localized and metastatic tumors are known to lead to the formation of circulating tumor cell (CTC) clusters in the blood. Currently, there is a heightened interest in the study of molecular and biological characteristics of CTCs. Recent studies have shown the presence of different populations of CTCs in the blood of cancer patients. Some cells are cancer stem cells, some tumor cells undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and most CTCs do not have features of either stem cells or EMT. The aim of the study was to evaluate the five-year metastasis-free survival rate in patients with invasive breast carcinoma, depending on the presence of various populations of circulating tumor cells in the blood before treatment. Material and Methods. A prospective study included 47 patients with newly diagnosed invasive breast cancer (T1-4N0-3M0), who were treated at Cancer Research institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center. The patients aged 31 to 69 years. The presence of different populations of CTCs in the blood of patients before treatment was determined by multicolor flow cytometry on the BD FACS Canto system, using different fluorochrome-labeled monoclonal antibodies to EpCam, CD45, CD44, CD24, and N-cadherin. Five-year metastasis-free survival was evaluated by the Kaplan-Meier method. The differences were considered significant at p function show_abstract() { $('#abstract1').hide(); $('#abstract2').show(); $('#abstract_expand').hide(); }
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The role of EZH2 and ARID1A in the diagnosis of flat urothelial lesions with atypia
Статья научная
Background. Diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma in situ is of great importance because it has prognostic and therapeutic value. We aim to determine the utility of EZH2 and ARiD1A as a new tool in the diagnosis of carcinoma in situ. Material and Methods. This retrospective cross-sectional study included Twenty-four specimens of flat urothelial lesions, twenty specimens of CiS, and 10 of normal adjacent urothelium that was taken by cystoscopic resection biopsy procedure. immunohistochemical expression of EZH2 and ARiD1A. were evaluated in all studied cases. Results. All normal urothelium specimens showed high nuclear staining for ARiD1A and negative nuclear staining for EZH2. High EZH2 expression was observed in 80 % of CiS specimens compared to 20 % of flat urothelial lesions with atypia (p=0.001 ), while high ARiD1A expression was observed in 70.8 % of flat urothelial lesions with atypia compared to 25 % of CiS specimens (p=0.001). EZH2 was more accurate and specific in the diagnosis of carcinoma in situ. Conclusion. EZH2 and ARiD1A are promising diagnostic markers for urothelial CiS. EZH2 is more accurate and specific than ARiD1A in the diagnosis of carcinoma in situ versus other flat urothelial lesions.
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The role of liquid biopsy in the diagnosis of glioblastoma progression
Статья научная
Purpose: to summarize available data on the diagnostic value of various circulating biomarkers for the detection of glioblastoma recurrence. material and methods. a literature search was conducted using pubmed exocarta and silVa databases. results. glioblastoma multiforme (gBm) is the most common glioma in adults with an unfavorable prognosis. treatment of tumor recurrence can improve the survival of patients. Neuroimaging is the standard method of diagnosing brain tumor recurrence. However, a neuroimaging method to clearly distinguish between pseudo progression and tumor progression has not been found to date. current molecular tumor profiling relies heavily on tissue resection or biopsy. tissue profiling has several disadvantages in the central nervous system’s tumors, including the challenge associated with invasive biopsy, the heterogeneous nature of many malignancies where a small biopsy can under represent the mutational profile. liquid biopsy is a promising method in diagnosing malignant tumors. Blood collection is a simple, minimally invasive procedure, but cerebrospinal fluid allows tumor markers to be detected more confidently. However, collection of cerebrospinal fluid is a complex and invasive procedure that can be accompanied by serious complications. conclusion. Biological fluid markers such as circulating tumor cells, extracellular vesicles, cell-free dNa and cell-free RNa allow for the detection of gmB, determination of molecular genetic features of cancer during response to therapy, and early detection of gBm recurrence.
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The spectrum of BRCA1 gene mutations in early onset breast cancer patients from Russia
Статья научная
Aim of the study. Aim of the study was to estimate the occurrence of pathogenic mutations in the BRCA1 gene in Russian breast cancer patients. material and methods. Complete coding sequence of the BRCA1 gene of 445 early onset breast cancer patients (under 40 years) from Novosibirsk region (Russia) were analyzed by targeted Next generation Sequencing (NgS) using Ion Torrent platform. results. Forty (9%) carriers of various pathogenic mutations were revealed. Thirty five (7,9%) patients carried 5382insC mutation, described earlier as a founder mutation for Slavic population. Five (1.1%) patients carried various pathogenic mutations, namely C61g, 462delCC, E143x, 4153delA, and IVS18+1g>T. besides, 29 genetic variants with no clinical significance or with unknown clinical significance were detected in BRCA1 gene among 445 early-onset breast cancer patients. Conclusions. Data on the frequency of genetic variations in the BRCA1 gene among early-onset breast cancer patients in the Novosibirsk Region (Russia) were obtained. Proportion of the 5382insC mutation is 87.5% of all pathogenic mutations in the BRCA1 gene found in patients.
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Transcriptomic analysis of melanoma cells extracted from different sites of the primary tumor
Статья научная
Introduction. Intratumor heterogeneity is a characteristic feature for most malignant tumors, including cutaneous melanoma. This property represents one of the main obstacles for effective targeted therapy, due to the different sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents on various tumor cells subclones. Treatment of malignant tumors requires an individual approach to choose the most appropriate treatment regimen. The purpose of the study was to evaluate differences in melanoma tissue samples obtained from different parts of one patient’s primary tumor at the transcriptomic level. Material and Methods. Melanoma cell cultures obtained from both central and peripheral parts of the primary tumor of two patients were used in the study. Results. Subclones from different parts of the first patient’s tumor were similar, whereas the second patient demonstrated significant differences at the transcriptomic level (in 2953 transcripts out of 48226). In the cells of the central zone of the second patient’s tumor, an increase in mRNA of the genes encoding proteins associated with tumor-specific immune response, as well as ABC-family transport proteins and cytokine signaling molecules, were noted. In the cells from the peripheral area of the same tumor, a more intensive transcription of genes encoding extracellular matrix and inflammatory response proteins was observed. Taken all round, the differences between the subclones of the second patient’s cells were relevant to some signaling cascades playing a leading role in oncogenesis (MAPK, PI3K-Akt-mTOR, VEGFA-VEGFR2, etc.). Conclusion. The study allowed evaluation of differences between cancer cells within a tumor at the transcriptional level in order to search for further approaches to personalized melanoma therapy.
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Treatment of cervical esophageal carcinoma: systematic review and meta-analysis
Статья научная
Objectives. Up to date managing a cervical esophageal carcinoma (CEC) has remained a controversial challenge. The choice of treatment is still uncertain. In the present review we attempted to assess eligibility of surgery in treatment of CEC. Material and Methods. We have enquired particular publication databases and the enquiries yielded 24 contributions matching study selection criteria such as (1) original articles published from 2000 to 2022, (2) primary tumor localization in the cervical esophagus, (3) squamous cell carcinoma,(4) available characteristics of studied groups (age, sex, T, N, M, stage), (5) detailed description of curative procedures (radiation therapy, chemotherapy, surgery), (6) information about overall survival. These publications represented two arms of 14 surgical and 17 non-surgical subgroups to analyze. Individual patient data and parameter estimates have been renewed on the basis of original Kaplan-Meier curves plotted. Results. The analysis revealed a highly heterogeneous (I2=83.76 %; 95 % CI, 71.40-92.16) random effects model. Including a surgical option into treatment of CEC did not affect 3-year overall survival (р=0.665); 46.4 % (95% CI, 37.4-55.6) vs 43.7 % (95 % CI, 35.3-51.6), respectively. Possibilities of surgical and non-surgical modalities employment were discussed. Conclusion. In treatment of CEC CRT and surgery are non-inferior to each other. These modalities are evenly associated with posterior side effects and complications, which adversely affect functional outcomes and survival. The choice of a treatment mode may depend on tumor response to induction therapy. The latter demands further investigations.
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Treatment of early cervical cancer: survival, complications and economical aspects
Статья научная
The paper presents recent data on current methods of combined modality treatment of cervical cancer patients, comparative effectiveness of different regimes of neo-and adjuvant chemotherapy and cost-effective analysis.
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Treatment results for stage IV gastric cancer patients
Статья научная
Treatment results for stage IV gastric cancer patients treated at the Southern-Kazakhstan Regional Oncological Clinic during the period from 2003 to 2007 have been presented. One hundred patients underwent palliative surgery, 49 (49 %) of them underwent cytoreductive subtotal distal gastric resection, 31 (31 %) cytoreductive gastrectomy and 20 (20 %) cytoreductive proximal gastric resection. Postoperative lethality was 13 %. Sixty-one patients (61 %) received systemic polychemotherapy following surgery. The 3-year survival rate was 3,3 and 3,8 times higher after distal subtotal resection than after gastrectomy and proximal resection, respectively. The 5-year survival rate was 6,1 % after cytoreductive distal subtotal gastric resection. Patients who underwent cytoreductive distal subtotal gastric resection received up to 4 cycles of systemic chemotherapy.
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Ultrasound-guided interventional procedures - effective method of tumor morphological verification
Статья научная
From 2001 to 2006, 767 ultrasound-guided interventional procedures were performed, out of them there were 43 (5,6 %) with curative intent. Multi-functional digital ultrasound scan (HP Image Point NX) with the kit of multi-frequency sensors was used for making biopsies. All interventional procedures were done using mechanical needles with 14G in diameter. Specimens for pathomorphological examination were obtained in 68,2-97,5 % of cases.
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Unravelling the complex interplay: environmental mixtures and breast cancer risk
Статья обзорная
Background. Globally, breast cancer ranks as the fourth most frequent reason for mortality when it comes to fatalities from cancer. The worrisome increases in rates of occurrence and death observed during the previous thirty years or more can be linked to several factors, such as changes in risk factor profiles, advancements in cancer registration, and the development of more effective detection technology. A strong association exists between the progression of metastasis and the mortality rate in breast cancer, with environmental pollutants seemingly contributing to this phenomenon. This association prompts a significant inquiry into the mechanisms that regulate the formation of metastases due to environmental and chemical contaminants. The impact of pollutants and chemical substances on communication pathways, which are essential for the growth and spread of tumor cells, among the numerous possible risk factors is gaining increasing focus. Material and Methods. Scientific research on environmental variables and additional factors linked to breast carcinoma was located and reviewed using engines such as the PubMed database, the MEDLINE database the Scopus database, and Google Scholar, among others, with search terms like “Breast Cancer”, “Risk components”, “Chemical exposures”, “Environmental toxic exposure”, “Disease progression”, “Bisphenol-A”, “Heavy metallic materials”, and “Food preparations”.
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Venous thromboembolism in cancer patients in postoperative period
Статья научная
The modern methods of antithrombotic prevention and treatment were shown to result in 6,7-fold reduction in the incidence of postoperative thrombotic complications (p0,5). The 2-year survival rate was lower by 29,5 % for cancer patients with postoperative venous thromboembolism than for patients without complications.
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Virtual surgical planning in soft tissue reconstruction for oral cancer
Статья научная
Introduction. Reconstruction of soft tissue defects after radical surgeries in cancer patients is important for early surgical rehabilitation and improving quality of life. Our study presents technologies for virtual surgical planning (VSP) of soft tissue defect reconstruction in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity. Case presentation. We described VSP in a report of a 54-year-old patient with locally advanced buccal mucosa cancer after extensive radical resection and reported the results. VSP was used to construct a 3D model from CT images, which was used to accurately assess the margin of radical surgical resection, as well as to develop individually based reconstruction of soft tissue defects. Next, we reported a series of cases of patients with oral cancer of various locations, who, after radical surgery, underwent reconstruction with using of VSP (n=7) or conventional reconstruction (n=10). A comparative analysis of intra and postoperative results was carried out.
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Статья научная
Hereditary breast cancer (HBC) is a heterogeneous disease caused by mutations in genes characterized by ethnic specificity. The clinical heterogeneity of this disease significantly complicates its diagnosis. The use of high-throughput sequencing is one of the approaches that allow the search for genes and their variants associated with the development of HBC. The purpose of the study was to search for new genes associated with HBC in the understudied ethnic groups of Siberia by using whole exome sequencing (WES). Material and Methods. WES was performed on a cohort of 16 probands with BC (Tuvan, Yakut, Altai ethnos). The study material was genomic DNA isolated from peripheral blood leukocytes. Libraries were prepared using a BGI Optimal DNA Library Prep kit. An Agilent SureSelect Human All Exon V6 kit was used for hybridization. High-throughput sequencing was performed on a DNA nanoball sequencing platform (DNBSeq-G400).
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Статья научная
Аберрантное метилирование промоторных участков генов - основное эпигенетическое изменение, характеризующее колоректальные неопластические образования. В настоящей работе был исследован количественный уровень метилирования 42 CpG-сайтов промоторных участков генов MGMT, APC и CDH13 в опухолях толстой кишки по отношению к уровню метилирования прилежащей условно нормальной ткани 25 пациентов. С помощью метода пиросеквенирования выявлено повышение уровня метилирования промоторных участков генов MGMT, APC и CDH13 в опухолевых образцах от 3 до 5 раз. В этих же образцах опухолей проведен скрининг активирующих SNP-мутаций в онкогенах KRAS (40 %), NRAS (0 %) и BRAF (0 %). Наличие SNP-мутаций в гене KRAS сопровождалось гиперметилированием одного или более промоторов исследованных генов. Доказана ассоциация этого эпигенетического показателя с метастазированием опухоли. Полученные данные об увеличении метилирования промоторных участков генов-онкосупрессоров могут быть использованы в качестве чувствительных прогностических маркеров прогрессирования и метастазирования колоректального рака.
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Статья обзорная
Абскопальный эффект (АЭ) в онкологической практике известен на протяжении 70 лет, однако до последнего времени его клиническая значимость была относительно невелика. Развитие препаратов ингибиторов контрольных точек иммунного ответа привело к активному изучению этого феномена. В настоящее время имеются данные об улучшении выживаемости среди пациентов, у которых регистрировался абскопальный эффект, что открывает новые перспективы лечения онкологических заболеваний различных стадий. В этом обзоре представлены сведения о механизмах абскопального эффекта, экспериментальные и клинические данные, текущие ограничения и возможные перспективы. Цель исследования - изучить современную концепцию возникновения абскопального эффекта, оценить перспективы применения в терапии метастатических форм злокачественных опухолей. Материал и методы исследования. Проведен поиск публикаций в системе Pubmed с 2010 по 2023 г., найдено 286 статей, 72 из них использованы для написания обзора.
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