Статьи журнала - Вестник аграрной науки
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30 лет Международной ассоциации исследователей гречихи (IBRA) - вехи и тенденции
Статья научная
В статье рассматривается деятельность Международной ассоциации исследователей гречихи (IBRA), играющей важную роль в развитии кооперации научных исследований.
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Статья научная
In analyzing the spatial-structures of various object types represented on multispectral images, we propose a new spatial-structural model for classification and two models for change detection vegetation coverage. The model for evaluation of coastline dynamic change has eliminated the disadvantage of traditional methods. It can be applied to images received from various sensors. Both change detection models used the spatial-structural model for classification purpose. Results of analytical processes can be used for making vegetation maps, updating topographic maps, analyzing hydrology network change, agricultural land and residential areas.
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Статья научная
Materials on learning of a growth form and developing of separate muscles, a muscular tissue various anatomical ranges and the hulk as a whole buttresses of Simmental breed and its crosses with meat Simmental and charolias are given.
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Статья научная
The state of the art and problems of evolution of an agrofood field is observed. Dynamics of manufacturing and milk consumption in Ukraine is analyzed. Principal causes of a low level of consumption of milk are fixed.
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Air photography with use of unmanned aerial vehicle for solution of agriculture and cadastre tasks
Статья научная
Issues of information provision for agriculture and cadastre according to air photography materials from unmanned aerial vehicle are considered in the article. Materials of experimental air photography from air plane and copter were used. The work suggests technology of executing works on photography and processing of materials. Air photography parameters were proposed according to image quality and requirements for ground images resolutions for solving tasks of cadastre and agriculture.
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Статья научная
It is established that in the conditions of three main agro climatic zones of Stavropol region the complex of root rot activators is presented generally by fungi of the sorts Fusarium and Bipolaris, and since 2009 and Gibellina cerealis Pass. The affection by root rot and injuriousness of a disease vary depending on high-quality features of winter wheat and cultivation soil climatic conditions. The amount of produced lignin for each percent of the disease in plants varieties of winter wheat, the degree of development of the disease does not exceed the minimum value of economic threshold of injuriousness, ranges from 29 to 54 mg/g of dry weight, plant varieties, the intensity of the disease for which reaches and exceeds economic threshold, synthesize not more than 27 mg/g.
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Analysis of the factors and ways of meat subcomplex development in the Republic of Mari El
Статья научная
Disparity of prices in the Republic of Mari El leads to the redistribution of value, created by the producers of meat raw materials, in favour of the processing industry and trade through reduced prices when buying raw meat. However, the exchange between the related sectors should be equivalent, that is, to ensure the normal level of profit on expended equal capital. One of the main conditions of the intensive development of meat industry in the Republic of Mari El is an accelerated growth of the consumption of meat inside the Republic, which means the transfer of this product category to the goods of prosperity for the inhabitants of the Republic. This will require significantly increasing production capacities of meat processing enterprises in the territory of the Republic, which, in turn, leads to the establishment and development of regional meat cluster.
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Analysis of using of energy resources by educational institutions of Nizhny Novgorod region
Статья научная
In work the analysis of use of energy resources is carried out. Object of research were educational institutions of the Nizhny Novgorod Region. Result of research is the revealed potential of irrationally used volume of energy resources in the form of thermal energy, the electric power, firm and liquid types of fuel, motor fuel, and also water. Capital costs of energy saving actions will make about 239,644 million rubles, with a payback period is about 3.64 years. These figures show the enormous potential which can be used in educational institutions having aimed it at the development of material base for the purpose of improvement of quality of rendered educational services.
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Application of remote sensing to extract flood areas using ENVISAT ASAR data
Статья научная
Flooding is the most common natural disaster and can occur anywhere. Heavy rain is the most frequent cause of floods, but there are many other natural triggers, including hurricanes, tidal surges, ice jams and snow melt. Radar images with many advantages over optical images such as no cloud coverage or solar illumination problem have been effectively used for flood monitoring. In this study, for extraction of flooded areas, pre and post event ENVISAT ASAR satellite images were analyzed. The results obtained in this study can be used to immediate assessment of flood risk and damage.
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Статья научная
The implementation of the state food programme can be accelerated essentially, using the complex of up-to-date biogeotechnology and agrotechnics. According to the experience of some countries the genetically modified plants (GМР) - resistant to herbicides, phytophagans, phytopathogenes, abiotic stress factors - the relevant component of this complex. GMP are of certain concern as well as for a forestry, an amenity planting, landscape ecology, the ornamental floriculture and a perspective, renewable radiant of engine fuel. Annually in the XXI-st century the world acreage under GMP, manufactured in concerns of crop protection and a crop, increase by ~10 %. In Russia these plants are not manufactured yet. Principal causes - a deficiency of the information on biosafety GMP and the imperfect gear of state regulation of their manufacturing.
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Assessment of impact of social factors on agribusiness development
Статья научная
The article describes methodical approaches to an impact assessment of social factors on development of the agribusiness as a subsidiary tool applied in development and adjustment of social and economic programs and plans for the rural territories.
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Статья научная
Scientific dairy farming with low cost feed storage technology was desired by the rural farmers of Sikkim to improve their livelihood status. Indian Council of Agricultural research (ICAR) Sikkim Centre, disseminated the technology through participatory approaches and use of trainers from the communities. Farmers were encouraged to rear high lactating crossbred dairy cows like Jersey cross or Holstein Friesian (HF) cross and managed locally available feed with minuscule commercial feed. Low cost feed storage technology was introduced in the state to minimize the feed scarcity during winter season. Awareness of farmers was undertaken by arranging training programmes in collaboration with Govt and Non Govt Organizations (NGOs), distribution of leaflets, pamphlet, technical bulletins and the communication channels like AIR, Television, news papers, farm journals, farm magazines etc. The average income from a Jersey cross dairy cow was recorded as US$169.17 for the first year and US$587.92 for the second year. ICAR maintained close functional, collaborative and coordinative linkages with various development departments and financing institutions for launching various programmes effectively to create long-term sustainability.
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Статья научная
Solid matter accumulation by plants is the most important indicator of production process of a grade. It is known that this crops indicator is conservative and in the course of selection it significantly doesn't change significantly, and growth of a seeds and grain crop is reached, mainly, by means of more effective use of assimilates on formation of generative organs. But, the possibilities of this way of selection are limited - now the harvest index of the majority of modern variety crops is 40 - 50% that is near to optimal value. Therefore there is a task to reveal and involve in the form crossing, differing high activity of organic substance synthesis at early stages of development and thus to raise possibilities of production process in crop formation. Taking all this into account we conducted special laboratory researches of an assessment of initial growth of verities' buckwheat planted in different times, and this scientific article is devoted to the results of these researches.
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Broiler poultry of Russia: achievements and perspectives of development in the WTO conditions
Статья научная
The article presents the analysis of the condition of national poultry development and the ways of the main branch problems solution are outlined. It is stressed that according to quality indicators the Russian market is practically provided with poultry meat. The main problem for the nearest future is to create the conditions to provide high quality and safety of production, to take measures to increase its competitive capacity in the WTO conditions. To realize it is necessary to master new resource saving technologies of keeping and feeding, which allow using maximum genetic potential of poultry effectiveness. The authors developed the scheme of profit calculation in broiler production as a relation of income from a production unit (from 1m² of poultry house) to a time unit (for the feeding cycle or for one year).
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Buckwheat in the conservation of insects species diversity
Статья научная
Buckwheat - one of the most important of the field rotation crop, attracting and keeping a large number of insects. Entomocenosis of a buckwheat field consists of more than 170 species of insects pollinators, phytophags, entomophags. The dominant species are pollinators; there are about 90 species of them. They feed on nectar, pick up it and make pollination possible. Bee honey, wild bees, bumblebees, wasps, other hymenopterans, dipterous, beetles are widely spread. All of them are polytrophs - they visit many species of flowering plants, including buckwheat. Insects-phytophagous is the second largest group; about 50 species feed on seeds, roots, shoots and vegetating plants until the crop harvesting. The third group of insects, whose imagos feed on flowers and larvae (and sometimes imago) hymnical or parasitize on phytophags of buckwheat and on other crop rotation fields or on neighboring natural biotic communities: Coccinellidae, Chrisopidae, Syrphidae, Tachinidae, Phasiae, parasitic hymeonopterans. These insects need not only buckwheat plants, but also its phytophags that are food for their larvae. Entomophags is a group which includes about 30 species. The fifth group of insects is real predators - includes Carabidae and Staphylinidae mainly. The sixth group is insects, occasional visitors of buckwheat agrobiocenosis. Relations between insects, living in the buckwheat field, with other biocenosis components, are generally trophic (direct and indirect): «plants - insects phytophags»; «plants - insects phytophags - entomophags», «insects «neutrals» - entomophags»; and phoryc (zoochory): plants - insects pollinators. Topical communications appear under the influence of the plant defining living conditions of phytophags and entomophags (buckwheat crops as a habitat of insects with granting possibility of a shelter, a meeting of genders, reproduction and habitation of different stages of evolution).
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Combined feeds for broilers containing triticale grain
Статья научная
Triticale is wheat ray hybrid. Grain is characterized with high nutrient value. The number of non-starch polysaccharides (NPS) in it is less than in ray. The article presents the research results on studying the efficiency of usage of triticale in combined feeds of different structure for broilers. The rational levels of its introduction into combined feed content, its digestibility and fodder nutrients usage by broilers are defined. The efficiency of combined feeds enrichment with triticale by means of enzyme preparation CelloLux-F is defined.
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Статья научная
This article provides a comparative analysis of indicators of milk productivity and quality of the main lines of the Holstein breed cows in one of the pedigree reproducers of the Orel region - "ES "Streletskoye". Among the three evaluated lines, the best results were shown by Reflection Sovereign first-calf heifers, which exceeded in milk yield the first-calf heifers of the Montviс Chieftain line by 13.6% and the first-calf heifers of the Vis Back Ideal line by 42.3% (P≤0.001). Milk production coefficients of first-calf heifers of the Montviс Chieftain and Reflection Sovereign lines exceeded those of the Vis Back Ideal line by 27.1% and 42.0% (P ≤ 0.001). In turn, Reflection Sovereign first-calf heifers also exceeded first-calf heifers of the Montviс Chieftain line by 11.7% (P ≤ 0.001). Similar results were obtained for the second and third lactations. In terms of AMF and AMP, the Montviс Chieftain and Reflection Sovereign cows significantly exceeded Vis Back Ideal cows in 305 days of each of the first three lactations. In turn, Reflection Sovereign first-calf heifers outperformed the AMF and AMP of Montviс Chieftain first-calf heifers. The highest positive correlation coefficients between the amount of milk fat and milk yield for 305 days of lactation were found in cows of the Vis Back Ideal line - from 0.36 to 0.90 (P≤0.05-0.001). Concerning the correlation between the amount of milk protein and milk yield for 305 days of lactation, cows of all studied groups showed high levels of interdependence, characterized by a high degree of reliability - from 0.45 to 0.99 (P≤0.01-0.001). The total cost of base fat milk produced in 305 days of the first three lactations by Montviс Chieftain and Reflection Sovereign cows (per head) exceeded the cost of milk produced by Vis Back Ideal cows by 87.7 and 144.1 thousand rubles, respectively.
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Статья научная
Many have studied the influence of Holstein cows in connection to lactation, as well as their linearity on milk productivity. The study of this problem relating to the Orel region is also very relevant and has practical value. The first-calf heifers of the Reflection Sovereign line had a significantly higher milk yield and were characterized by higher milk production rates than the first-calf heifers of the Vis Back Ideal line by 6.48 and 6.06%, respectively (P≤0.05). At the age of the third lactation, the Reflection Sovereign cows exceed the Vis Back Ideal cows in terms of milk yield and milk yield by 10.58 and 9.55% (P≤0.05). A significant margin of indicators of the amount of milk fat and the coefficient of relative fat content of cows of the Reflection Sovereign line was revealed over the cows of the Vis Back Ideal line of the first and third lactation age. The milk of first-calf heifers of the Reflection Sovereign line contained more milk protein than the first-calf Vis Back Ideal by 6.49% (P≤0.05). At the same time, the indicator of the coefficient of specific white milk production exceeded the indicator of first-calf heifers of the Vis Back Ideal line by 6.87% (P≤0.05). The amount of milk protein obtained from the experimental cows of the Reflection Sovereign line in the third lactation exceeded the indicator of the Vis Back Ideal peers by 10.48% (P≤0.01). A fourfold shape of the material is formed. By the second lactation, the cows of the Vis Back Ideal line exceeded the milk yield of first-calf heifers by 16.55% (P≤0.001). Indicators for the third and second lactation did not have significant differences than the milk yield for the fourth lactation by 7.3% (P≤0.05). The milk yield of cows of the Reflection Sovereign line in the second lactation significantly exceeded the milk yield of first-heifers by 10.95% (P≤0.01), and the milk yield in the third lactation exceeded the milk yield in the second lactation by 11.09% (P≤0.01).
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Conceptual framework, principles, background and essence of precise farming systems
Статья научная
Improving and successful realization of innovations are impossible without creation of the corresponding associative framework. Slow development of associative framework in the sphere of farming resulted in mixing of key concepts and notions. The most remarkable example of notions mixing is «high technology farming» - precision farming - farming precise systems, etc. This resulted in intensive implementation of «high technology farming» and the lack of order for creation of the advanced national precise farming systems.
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Consideration of anisotropy and contact of cracks edge at stress calculations of rolling bearings
Статья научная
Investigation of influence of anisotropy on stress-deformed state of base (roller bearings track) considering the appearance of cracks with contacting edges in it is done in the work. The boundary integral equation method is used to determine the stresses. Solution of the Integral equation is done numerically by the mechanical quadrature method. At the task solution it is considered that cracks can be located in the compressive stresses areas, wherefore the cracks edges can contact. The unknown contact stresses on the cracks edges and contact area were determined correspondingly from the set quadratic programming problem. The stresses under the bearings were determined according to the Hertz formula. On the ground of the carried out investigations the following conclusions can be done: mechanical anisotropy of bearings at the track edge allows increasing resistance to brittle crack initiation or decreasing growth rate of fatigue cracks. At that, it is necessary to choose such thermo-mechanical methods of processing at which the module of elasticity in circular direction will be larger than in radial direction (perpendicular to the edge); additional compressive stresses decrease the stress intensity factor (SIF) and tension stresses increase. In this regard in the track neighborhood it is reasonable to do thermal processing to create residual compressive stresses in circular direction. One of the ways to create mechanical anisotropy and compression stresses is insertion of the previously heated thin-walled anisotropic cylinders; the calculated maximum values of the stress intensity factor (SIF) give the possibility to calculate the growth rate of fatigue cracks for different lengths and crack angular inclinations. At that, in the early stages the calculations process is simplified, because here there is the crack edges contact and hence K I =0. Under such conditions a crack will grow along the strait line where it is located. At long lengths of cracks when the crack edges contact is absent, these SIFs allow calculating critical values of crack lengths. Analogical results are obtained for other values of the relations of elasticity modules w, friction factors k, values of parameter m, characterizing the level of additional stresses. These results (which are not provided here) confirm the stated above conclusions on influence of these parameters on the SIF values.
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