Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast @volnc-esc-en
Статьи журнала - Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast
Все статьи: 1640
Статья научная
The paper dwells on specific characteristics, factors, and conditions stimulating or hindering technical and socio-economic development of the agrarian sector in the Northern region in the case of the Komi Republic. It reveals conditions and threats to the Northern agricultural modernization upon Russia's entry into the WTO; analyzes risks caused by the reduction in the volume of direct state support that pose a serious threat to the sector modernization; suggests measures on improving budget support for the agrarian sector in accordance with the WTO requirements.
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Opportunities and prospects for the emergence of new refineries in Russia's northern regions
Статья научная
The article is devoted to the study of the issue concerning the improvement of the system of regional oil products supply of Russia's Northern territories. It considers the key issues of the formation of oil industry, the regional economic branch that is new for the Murmansk Oblast. The research information base consists of analytical and statistical materials of the regional authorities of Russian Northern subjects and of data presented in the electronic media. The paper is addressed to economists, specialists of regional and local authorities, representatives of oil enterprises, and to all those interested in the range of problems of fuel-and-energy development of our country's North.
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Статья научная
Nation-wide modernization is possible only if it is carried out in all of the regions of a country. And the elaboration of the plans for the country’s (regions’) modernization implies quite reasonably the comparison of the key parameters of the territory’s modernization with those of developed countries, the countries leading in innovation development. Due to significant territorial differences in Russia’s development, it is necessary to differentiate the approach to determining the level of the regions’ modernization. A scientifically proved strategy is required specifically for each federal district and region (supported by the population and implemented by management authorities), such a strategy should take into consideration the problems hindering modernization in the given territory.
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Статья научная
The growing social importance of scientific knowledge leads to the gradual penetration of scientometric indicators in the sphere that regulates the activities of researchers. At present, publishing and citation indicators are declared in government documents as target indicators of the state of science. The article presents general approaches to the scientometric analysis of activity of research institution; an attempt is made to estimate the publication activity of the institutions included in the Economics Section of the Social Sciences Department of RAS, as well as research and education organizations of the Vologda Oblast. The statistical data of the Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI) were used as a tool for evaluating the research work. Organizations have been ranked according to several criteria: the total number of publications in RSCI, the number of citations and the value of the Hirsch index. The results of the research indicate that at present, efficient administrative decisions in the sphere of science require establishment of the system for objective evaluation of research results...
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Opportunities for the consolidation of rating products in the internet environment
Статья научная
The article reveals the experience of a project on consolidation of rating products within the single portal with related services for users. We describe the ideology of an open Internet platform, its structure and navigation, and specially designed analytical tools. We focus on the developed and tested trust index in relation to all the ratings on the website, which helps approach a possible solution to the problem of rating verification. We point out the fact that the proposed analytical verification tools are vulnerable to manipulation that is manifested in users' hostile attacks on selective ratings by giving the ratings deliberately low trust scores. The paper shows the relevance of the portal designed, which is manifested not only in the number of views of its content, but also in the public reaction to various ratings of both individuals and organizations. In addition, we disclose the experience of using academic ratings over the period of several years to reveal undesirable trends and emerging threats in the market of economic research...
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Статья научная
The article indicates socio-economic problems of the northern territories of the Karelian Republic. Now in the north of the area one can observe population reduction, closure of the industrial enterprises and high unemployment. On the basis of program-target method to manage territorial development the author proposes some ways of overcoming the situation. The sector of small business is considered as an important factor of territorial development, which gives us the opportunity to increase self-employment, to preserve and to improve the social and economic system of the region. The article has been prepared on the basis of researches conducted by the order of the Republic’s government and according to the data of municipal districts.
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Opportunities to promote economic growth in Russia at a rate not lower than the world average
Статья научная
The article considers economic growth in Russia in the context of fundamental concepts that include the formalization of the mechanisms of economic development from the standpoint of determining the relationship and substantiating the optimal ratio of production factors for Russia’s GDP. In the framework of the study, we address four problems. First, we substantiate the model of production of Russia’s GDP, expressing the functional relationship between the volume of GDP, on the one hand, and the production factors such as labor (number of people employed in the Russian economy) and capital (investment in fixed capital). The model is consistent with the initial statistical data, so that the coefficient of determination between the model data and real data is more than 99%. Second, we substantiate the optimal ratio between investment and employment for the purpose of increasing Russia’s GDP. Third, we analyze in detail how these optimal ratios correspond to the real processes of GDP production...
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Optimization of carrier vehicles for the transportation of rotted straw
Статья научная
The use of roll technology in our country’s flax cultivation is hampered due to the lack of special transport. The article analyses and determines the volumes and legs of transporting rotted straw from fields to the Vologda oblast flax-processing plants; several perspective options for using technical means available at enterprises are proposed for transportation of flax rolls. Their influence on saving of time, fuel, and on labour productivity increase is shown.
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Organization of medical equipment service in the region
Статья научная
This paper presents the results of the research of medical equipment servicing in the region based on the survey by questionnaire of the head doctors and service organizations managers in the Vologda Oblast. Due to the fact that regional medical institutions haven't their own technical services, the author has analyzed the key indicators of the institutions' development registered in the Vologda Oblast and engaged in the service of medical equipment. The author has identified the factors constraining the development of regional infrastructure of the medical equipment service as well as he has identified the areas of the public authorities' activity to ensure the effective work of medical equipment under the limited finance conditions.
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Organizational and economic mechanism of agriculture modernization
Статья научная
The article substantiates the preconditions for the modernization of Russian agriculture. The effectiveness of the authorities’ measures to stimulate the sector transfer to the intensive way of development is briefly described and evaluated. The article defines main disadvantages of the organizational and economic mechanism of the production modernization in the agricultural sector, consisting in different orientation of operations tools regulating the agrarian and industrial complex, absence of the accounting of climatic conditions and industry specialization. The methodological recommendations with regard to the allocation of budget support funds between different types of agricultural producers depending on their susceptibility to the use of scientific and technological progress are defined.
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Organizational-economic maintenance of innovation activity in the region: comparative assessment
Статья научная
The article proposes the approach to evaluate the organizational-economic maintenance of innovation activity in the regions in quantitative and qualitative indicators, as well as the method to calculate the assessment of regulatory support of this activity. It justifies the author’s approach of comparative efficiency evaluation of innovation legislation and regions’ innovation development level. The article gives the qualitative estimation of regulatory support of innovation development in the regions that are innovation leaders. It singles out key directions to develop regulatory support of innovation activity, which encourage RF subjects’ innovation activity.
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Статья научная
Effective functioning of economy is possible only if all economic sectors function successfully. However, only the regions with a developed industrial complex can provide a decent quality of life and promote economic growth. At the same time, certain systemic problems have emerged in the industrial complex during the years of market reforms; these problems can be solved only with the help of profound and comprehensive transformations, such as an extensive use of advanced scientific and technological achievements and the formation of a fundamentally new approach to the development of the industrial complex. Under current economic conditions the functioning and development of the industrial complex depends to a great extent on the efficiency of their management mechanism. Therefore, it is expedient to begin modernization of the industrial complex and enhance its competitiveness with the changes in the existing management system. The paper outlines main problems in the development of the industrial complex, presents the typology of regions according to the level of development of the industrial complex...
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Outsourcing as a specific form of inter-firm cooperation
Статья научная
The present paper contains an analysis of organizational and economical nature of outsourcing. A classification of outsourcing types based on economic criteria is proposed. It is demonstrated that financial leasing may be considered as a particular case of outsourcing operation. An analysis of terminology used for description of outsourcing is made and amendments to this terminology are proposed. A list of criteria of differentiation between outsourcing and other forms of cooperation is described.
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Overcoming social disintegration as a factor in promoting social health
Статья научная
The article dwells on the key indicators, reflecting the state of social health. The data is presented geographically among different demographic groups. The results of the public opinion monitoring, held by ISEDT RAS, with regard to public mental health in the Vologda Oblast are revealed. The article considers the process of social disintegration as a factor, negatively affecting the state of social health. The effect of a victim behaviour on the prevalence rate of social pathologies is analysed.
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Overcoming social inequality as an impetus to socio-cultural modernization
Статья научная
The article shows that the main factors constraining socio-cultural modernization are social inequality and low standard of living. A swift modernization development requires the presence of a favorable environment that gives an impetus to the society for modernization, as well as certain (modern) level of innovation, technological and socio-cultural development. In addition, the advantages and problems related to the assessment of modernization in the regions of the Federal District, based on the methodology developed at China Center for Modernization Research, the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Modernization is considered as a process that leads not only to technological and innovation progress, but mainly to favorable changes in society and to the improvement of human potential with the preservation of traditions and cultural heritage. The study has found out that the hampering of modernization in the Northwestern Federal District includes two aspects: economic and cognitive...
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Статья научная
As the spatial structure of the economy is undergoing transformation, we observe the aggravation of a number of problems that hinder sustainable development of constituent entities of the Russian Federation; and a special place among them belongs to significant intraregional differences in socio-economic parameters. Overcoming spatial disparities should become an imperative for the development of the country and its regions in the long term. This confirms the need for further scientific understanding of the complex of issues related to the improvement of regulation of spatial development of regions; this determines the goal of our paper. In the course of the study conducted on the materials of the Vologda Oblast, we have found out that the majority of municipalities have an asymmetrical type of development with increasing differences between the areas of concentration of economic activity near major cities in the region and the rest of the territory; this indicates the process of compression of space. The paper proposes an approach to state regulation of spatial development of the region, based on its representation, on the one hand, as a complex system, and on the other hand, as a socio-economic area. Scientific novelty of the approach lies in the fact that it is based on principles and methods that help promote the development and self-development of municipalities, take into account their features and patterns of functioning, and orient municipalities toward solving strategic problems. The study is based on methods such as system analysis and system synthesis, generalization, comparison, and comparative analysis. The results of the study can be used in the activities of regional authorities and local government. Theoretical generalizations contained in the article can be used as materials for scientific discussion.
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Статья научная
The paper presents an overview of the agent-based models of complex socio-economic systems of the meso-level developed by Russian and foreign scientists. It considers agent-based models of municipalities: cities, urban agglomerations, suburban areas, etc. When choosing models for the review, preference was given to municipal level models that have a detailed description of agents, their behavior and rules of interaction accompanied by a visual diagram of the conceptual model. However, the important criterion was the availability of information about the testing of the constructed model on the actual data for a specific municipality. Foreign experience of application of the agent-based approach to the study of socio-economic systems of the meso-level is disclosed on the example of the models of municipalities that are the most interesting and promising from our point of view: these models are models of the virtual economy of the city, the model of interrelated markets for housing and land, the models of expansion of the city area, the models of reducing the city, the model of intra-city migration, the models of interconnected development of creative industries and spatial structure of the city...
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Статья научная
The economic significance of the problem of preserving and strengthening the health of shrinking child population as an important component of reproductive, labor and human potential requires the search for and development of mechanisms to manage risk factors. We present sample results of a multi-year monitoring study of child health in the Vologda Oblast for 25 years of research (1998- 2022). The purpose of our research is to evaluate the degree of risk to the health of preschool children caused by certain factors on the part of parents. The research methodology is the intracohort method of data analysis on 1,454 children from five cohorts (1998, 2001, 2004, 2014 and 2020 years of birth) by calculating the relative risk index. The scientific novelty is a comparative analysis of the influence of age, health and hazardous working conditions of future parents on the child health in the pre- and postnatal period. We have found that young maternal age is often a risk factor for child health, while mature maternal age increases the risk of cesarean section and delayed neuropsychological development in children by the age of 7. In contrast, father’s young age acts as a protective factor during intrauterine child development, but increases the risk of disease development in the future. Mature father’s age creates risks of congenital abnormalities of the cardiovascular system, but its negative effect is mitigated later on. We assume that the reason for this lies in the higher level of material wealth, medical literacy, and responsibility of aging parents. Parents’ hazardous working conditions have a deleterious effect on the child health after birth, and on the maternal health in the prenatal period as well. A complicated obstetric history of previous and current pregnancies is the most significant risk factor on the maternal part. Her chronic diseases showed no association with abnormalities in the child health, the exceptions are obesity and thyroid dysfunction. In contrast, father’s complicated obstetric history demonstrates a strong association with intrauterine fetal development disorders, the use of surgical childbirth, congenital abnormalities, the low Apgar score for the newborn, and child’s disease in the future. Practical significance of the work lies in emphasizing father’s role in the formation of child health and preparing recommendations for the prevention of child health disorders taking into account the data on the risk factors of both parents.
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Статья научная
The article presents the results of the study on the performance of the region’s schoolchildren of the final stage of the All-Russian Olympiad over the past 10 years, based on the open data of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation and the Vologda Oblast Department of Education. The article reveals the Oblast to be the country’s leader in the Olympiads training efficiency. The groups of disciplines are distinguished by the results achieved (high, average, low). The article provides information on educational institutions that trained the largest number of winners. The article outlines key problems on the Olympiads training and proposals for improving the region’s performance results in the All-Russian Olympiad.
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