Статьи журнала - Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast
Все статьи: 1587
Problems and prospects of social sphere financing in Russia
Статья научная
The article contains an overview of such main trends in the financial support of Russia's social sphere, as growth in funding, priority increase of pension provision, maintenance of the priority role of centralized sources and evening-out the inter-regional inequalities. The article presents a scenario forecast of the social systems funding up to 2020, according to which the solutions of the main tasks of the coming years, which include adaptation to demographic changes and the elimination of disproportions in remuneration, will require joint efforts of the government, business, citizens and employees.
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Problems and prospects of spiritual and moral well-being of the Russian people
Статья научная
The article reviews statistical and sociological characteristics of spiritual and moral well-being of the Russian people during 2000-2015. The authors present their own system of indicators consisting of three components: personal, family and social well-being. Special attention is paid to issues of mortality caused by external causes, harmful addictions, family breakdown, abortion, crime and economic inequality. The article suggests there is a nonlinear correlation between the level of economic development and moral and psychological climate in the society. It shows that Russian society starting from 2000 is characterized by a trend of spiritual recovery; however, some indicators indicate stagnation or even deterioration. The general level of population's spiritual and moral health is far from perfect and is nowhere near the indicators of many foreign countries. The authors characterize the recent positive changes in these spheres and stress the need to pay even more attention to the social and educational component in the government policy...
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Problems and specific features of sub-federal budgets execution in 2015
Статья научная
Last year has been marked by worrying trends in the development of a budgetary crisis in Russian regions; the crisis became apparent in 2013, when regional authorities had to get into huge debts in order to provide finances for the social obligations in the framework of the presidential decrees of May 7, 2012. The budget process in 2015 was characterized by expanding negative trends in those regions that had previously been the engines of economic growth and budget donors, which contradicts the regional development strategy. The crisis response measures consist in a large-scale optimization of expenses. Despite an attempt undertaken by the Government to replace commercial borrowings with budget loans, there are still no prospects for solving the debt issue. On the contrary, expert forecasts predict a doubling of the debt stock in regions by the end of 2017. Cuts in the expenditures on human capital development should be considered as a new negative trend, naturally resulting in the deterioration of material well-being of Russians, which was expressed in the decline in their real incomes and raising poverty level...
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Problems of agrarian sector development in the region
Статья научная
The article contains the analysis of the modern state of agriculture in the Vologda region. The factors influencing over its development and increase in efficiency are considered.
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Problems of agri-food sector in the Pechoran arctic region
Статья научная
The article shows the significance of providing people with fresh products in the development of mineral resources base in the Arctic subregion of the European North-East. The article describes the environmental conditions of the region, analyses the labor and agricultural resources. It reveals the forms of business ownership and their place in the production of certain types of goods. The article shows the influence of 1990 - 2000 transformation processes on agricultural production dynamics and the state of the industry’s production capabilities. Analytical data allowed to reveal present-day social and economic problems of the agrarian sector that are connected with macroeconomic and inter-sectoral deformation.
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Problems of designing new types of integration spaces
Статья научная
The article analyses the conceptual content of the concept ‘space', the widespread use of which in different fields of scientific knowledge is the most obvious indication of ‘spatial turn', which was outlined in modern science in the late 1980s. The structure of the integration spaces formation theory, developed by the Belarusian researchers, is revealed. The necessity of designing the new types of integration spaces, the main economic resource of which is the latest scientific knowledge, is justified.
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Problems of development and institutional reformation of the power-supply complex of Russia
Статья научная
In this article the problems of the current state of the power-supply complex of Russia and efforts for their decision by the basic institutional changes, their purposeful directivity, the difficulties for their realization and expected consequences are analyzed.
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Problems of legal support of Chinese-Russian economic cooperation
Статья научная
In recent years, the economies of China and Russia and their trade relations have withstood the global economic downturn and the pandemic tests. The volume of trade between the countries has exceeded the 100 billion USD mark for three years in a row. Cooperation has expanded from trade to investment, finance, energy, aerospace, high technology, high-speed railways, agriculture and other areas; from cross-border trade to major strategic projects where the economic interests of the countries are very closely intertwined. However, at the same time, there are certain problems in trade and economic cooperation between China and Russia, including a slowdown in the economic development of the two countries, flaws in the trade structure, system mechanisms, legal framework, etc. Alongside a slow recovery of the world economy and a rapid expansion of Chinese-Russian economic and trade cooperation, these problems hinder the free and favorable development of trade and economic cooperation between the two countries. The aim of the study is to examine the experience of the European Union and the North American Free Trade Area in the field of economic integration, especially the guarantees of the relevant legal systems in the field of trade and economic cooperation, and identify whether they can be useful for the development of Sino-Russian trade and economic cooperation. We show that by creating and improving the legal system, modernizing bilateral investment agreements, intensifying the study of free trade zones, strengthening the link between The Belt and Road Initiative and the Eurasian Union, as well as improving the cooperation mechanism of the BRICS countries, it is quite possible to provide legal guarantees of Chinese-Russian trade and economic cooperation. The main methods used in this work are empirical research, case analysis and comparative analysis.
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Problems of local government personnel quality
Статья научная
The article presents a generalized analysis of statistical data and results of sociological studies in the Vologda region addressing the problem of quality of local government personnel, and also shows the level of public approval of the authorities.
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Problems of management accounting formation at domestic enterprises
Статья научная
The article is devoted to the consideration of theoretical problems of the formation of management accounts at Russian enterprises. The article contains an analysis of interpretations of management accounts and consideration of its multifunctionality. Following is the author's point of view on the process approach to the realization of management accounts at the company; the problems that arise during the formation of management accounts practice are presented. Finally, the need to create a unified concept of the formation of managerial accounts is given. It is proposed to study and comprehend the concept of controlling. To remove the contravention between scientific treatment of “management accounts” and its practical contents it is proposed to integrate the concepts of management accounts and controlling.
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Problems of providing balanced development of the northern region: ecological and economic aspect
Статья научная
Under current conditions, considering the national development goals of Russia through to 2030, one of the urgent tasks is to provide the development of country`s regions on the principles of ecological and economic balance, which is especially important for the Russian northern territories because of their greater vulnerability and lower rate of ecosystem restoration. In this regard, the purpose of the work is to study the features and problems of ecological and economic balance in the development of the northern region, as well as to justify the tools to solve them. The object of the study is the Russian North as a region which has enormous natural resource and geostrategic potential, and occupies an important place in the territory of the North. The basis of the methodology is the of P. Victor model, which makes it possible to assess the presence or absence of the decoupling effect in the regional development. Subsequently, we analyze the trends for compliance with the principles of ecological and economic balance. As a result, we have found that there is no decoupling effect for all types of anthropogenic impacts in 2007™2018. Moreover, the considered trends do not meet the key principles of ecological and economic balance including the reason of the low implementation rate of environmental innovations in economic activity due to their high cost. This necessitates the need to form a mechanism of ecological and economic balance of development; it`s most important element could be a regional fund to support the implementation of the best available technologies. The fund plays the role of a financial tool to stimulate the introduction of innovations in the enterprises that are greening their activities. The scientific novelty of the work is to improve the methodological tools for assessing and providing the ecological and economic balance of the regional development. The direction for further research will be a more detailed elaboration of the mechanism to provide ecological and economic balance in the development of the northern regions in the country.
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Problems of socio-economic development of Russian territories in the post crisis period
Ред. заметка
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Problems of sustainable development of rural areas in the Vologda oblast
Статья научная
The article is devoted to the sustainable development of rural areas in the Vologda Oblast. It deals with the nature and objectives of sustainable development of rural areas. The analysis of the key indicators of agricultural activity and the state of social infrastructure in rural areas has been carried out and the main problems have been revealed. Regional and international experience in the development of rural areas is presented here. The results of this research allow us to suggest the ways of sustainable development in rural areas, which will be helpful to employees of regional authorities, managers of enterprises and organizations to create an effective system of rural development in the region.
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Статья научная
The challenges that Russia has to face due to the unstable geopolitical situation in the world make it necessary to search for internal sources of development and enhance the efficiency of territorial management. Under the circumstances, in our opinion, the priority object of state policy should be the Northern and Arctic territories, which have a huge natural resource and economic and geopolitical potential. At the same time, their development in the post-Soviet period has accumulated a set of issues that require understanding and development of mechanisms to address them, which is the goal of the present paper. The analysis has shown that the market reforms of the 1990s carried out in the European North of Russia and in its Arctic zone led to increased depopulation, degradation and primitivization of industrial production, curtailment of agricultural production, decline in the quality of life, growth of concentration of economic and social activity in the “nodal” points and degradation of the potential of peripheral municipalities...
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Problems of the state formation within economic digitalization industrial policy
Статья научная
Upcoming stage of the Russian economy formation is related to breakthrough toward new technologies that provide accelerated and advanced development of the country. In this situation, organizational and structural changes that meet the growth requirements of the economy and its foundation - industrial base - act as priorities of the socio-economic development. Newly emerging industrial policy, aimed at the deep structural modernization of the production sector of the Russian economy as the main object of this policy and digital transformation, is especially important in this context. The purpose of this work is to study problems of the formation of the industrial policy within scientific and technological changes and economic digitalization, as well as to substantiate areas of the state regulation concerning the industrial sector of the Russian Federation. We sum up theoretical and methodological basics of the industrial policy formation, review theoretical foundations of the industrialization essence and technological changes within economic digitalization, conduct the analysis of the state, trends, and problems of scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation’s industrial sector, assess the readiness of the industrial sector to digital transformation, define priorities of the Russian Federation’s industrial policy aimed at economic intensification and socio-economic development of the country. The scientific novelty of the study consists of the expansion of methodological approaches to ensuring the growth of the Russian economy and increasing its competitiveness within the new industrialization based on the formation of industrial policy in accordance with scientific and technological changes and economic digitalization.
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Problems related to regional budgeting amid fiscal consolidation
Статья научная
The development of the major financial plan of the Vologda Oblast for 2018-2020 was carried out amid stagnating GRP growth rates, a sharp decline in investment activity, further decrease in population's real money incomes. In this regard, conceptual approaches to budgeting, which should be determined in view of its orientation on providing conditions for future sustainable development, is becoming more relevant. However, according to the study, the concept of a new financial cycle is based on fiscal consolidation, which is reflected in extremely low average annual growth rates of own revenues and budget expenditure which do not compensate for inflation. Such approaches to regional budgeting are predetermined by federal guidelines, which absolutize the principle of achieving surplus at the cost of reducing the funding of the territory's future development. Year after year, the opportunities of using budget as a tool for triggering the investment policy are being missed...
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Статья научная
Scientific interest in the topic of hunting and game husbandry is due to the fact that the problems of rational nature management are coming to the fore - it concerns not only land relations, development of minerals and exploitation of forests, but also procurement of hunting resources combined with the protection of wildlife. The latter most clearly shows the problems of greening the modern economic activity and the traditional Northern economy associated with the use of the “gifts of nature”. The paper highlights methodological principles of economic evaluation of wildlife and the analysis of Northern (domestic and foreign) experience of their taxation; we propose a scheme for transition from the disparate approaches to the taxation of this activity (resource, permission, compensation, etc.) to an integrated environmental-economic approach. In addition to the existing norms, this approach includes imposing excise duties on the production of weapons, ammunition and equipment; establishing a targeted environmental fee on the use of subsoil; imposing fines for unlimited or excessive withdrawal of wildlife objects; establishing funds for the protection of wild animals and birds in the system of local budgets. A new approach harmonizes the interests of the state (RF subjects and local government bodies), local population of the Northern territories, nature users (including hunters), subsoil users, and manufacturers of weapons and equipment. We determine the source of formation of tax revenues of local budgets; this measure makes it possible to finance environmental protection measures, reproduction of wild animals and birds, creation of infrastructure in remote Northern territories. The paper proves the necessity of introducing innovative methods for state monitoring of wildlife and correct distribution of functions of federal, regional and local authorities in its reproduction.
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Production and circulation in a simple exchange economy
Статья научная
The article is methodological: it does not seek to analyze new economic phenomena; rather, its major aim is to study how these phenomena were formed and developed and how the market system was formed and developed with them. The actual subject of the study is a simple exchange economy model at the stage when production begins to be considered as its endogenous factor. This makes it possible to smoothly introduce the social division of labor into the analysis, to consider in the simplest form its combination with the differentiation of production functions in the framework of an individual household. We pay considerable attention to the analysis of socio-economic implications of the deepening of the social division of labor manifested in the transformation of the production of objects and means of labor into its independent links. We show why at this very stage of the study it becomes possible to provide a well-grounded substantiation for the mechanisms that form the market exchange value of consumer durables and means of labor, and, as a consequence, the interest rate. The introduction of the resource limitation factor into the analysis makes it possible to substantiate the need for the institution of ownership of such resources, the importance of absolute and differential natural rent for the normal functioning of the market economy, and to identify the specifics of formation of the market exchange value of land. We emphasize the importance of making the spatial dimension of the economy a full-fledged subject of analysis for pure economic theory. We touch upon a possible approach to the formulation of an initial model that would take into account the influence of space on the general parameters of economic activity. The main conclusion is that the model of a simple exchange economy helps to form a holistic view of all key categories (albeit in embryonic forms) reflecting the action of the market mechanism. At the same time, it becomes clear why further institutional transformations are required to realize all the potentials available in this form of economic activity organization.
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Professional vocation: on the subject of non-economic factors in economic growth
Статья научная
The article substantiates the relevance of sociological analysis of a phenomenon such as professional vocation. Professional vocation is considered a characteristic feature of human potential. The author proposes to study the phenomenon of vocation as part of non-economic factors in economic growth.
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Programmed project modernization of the federative structure in Russia
Статья научная
The modernization is considered as a programmed project need for sustainable and balanced social development. Science and innovative should become a mover of this modernization. The article deals with the essence and meaning of modernization, it defines the forms of modernization and its features. The priorities and programmed project development institutions have been substantiated by the socio-economic development of the Russian Federation, regions, municipalities and market agents. The article also analyzes the theoretical and methodological approaches to the evaluation of the eventual result of modernization which is considered as a possibility to use a human development index and / or a human happiness index.
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