Статьи журнала - Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast
Все статьи: 1587
Статья научная
June 23-24, 2023, Russia witnessed an attempt of an armed rebellion committed by the private military company Wagner headed by businessman Evgenii Prigozhin. Despite the rapid relief of the crisis, many experts note that it has deep and long-lasting implications for the public administration system, the President and Russia as a whole. We consider the causes and consequences of the events that occurred on June 23-24, drawing on our knowledge and experience accumulated during many years of monitoring the effectiveness of public administration, which includes the analysis of expert opinions, findings of diverse empirical studies regarding the state of Russian society, and the study of key regulatory legal acts and strategic documents adopted at the federal level. We think that the attempt to start a rebellion manifests a long-term crisis of statehood, which was caused by the clan-oligarchic structure of the public administration system flourishing in Russia in the post-Soviet period. We analyze certain aspects of the formation of the worldview of the modern extremely liberal ruling elite, provide concrete facts that indicate that the liberal wing of the government does not implement the President's decrees and instructions effectively, and evaluate the role of the public administration system in the formation and implementation of the Social Contract as an informal institution representing a set of mutual obligations between the state and society. We conclude that there is an urgent need for decisive action (first of all, on the part of the President) on the personnel renewal in the public administration system; it is also necessary to staff the system with people focused on Russia's national interests rather than liberal values of the Collective West, the people that have successful experience in solving complex managerial and economic tasks, especially in crisis conditions and in the context of the special military operation. Like many experts, we believe that in this case the public administration system will be able to provide an adequate response to an unprecedented range of internal and external challenges created by increasing threats to national security and global geopolitical changes that led to the special military operation.
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Статья научная
The legislative framework of taxation of agricultural producers in the Russian Federation is considered. Based on the analysis of taxation of agricultural enterprises of the Vologda region a conclusion about the imperfection of state tax regulations in the agricultural sector is made. Ways of improving the unified agricultural tax, allowing increasing the profitability of this regime are suggested.
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The three-year budget: should we wait for stability?
Статья научная
For the first time the Vologda oblast accepted the budget for three years. In the conditions of sharp means’ deficiency it is not an easy task to generate the main financial document in such a way so as to follow the social orientation and to list in the means for economic growth. In the article the basic results of the regional budget’s consideration (for the period from 2011 to 2013) having been carried out by the ISEDT RAS are represented. The main objective of the analysis was estimation of correspondence of the budgetary parameters to the prior problems of the area’s development, to the growth of its population’s well-being, to providing of the macroeconomic stability.
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The tourism industry: administrative levels and methods of forming
Статья научная
The article describes how to assess the potential and the formation of cultural and recreational area at the country, region, and municipality level. The position of the international approach to evaluating the competitiveness of the tourism sector and travelling are revealed and the trends of its development in Russia identified. On submission of the Komi Republic, the resources are described and the goals of regional tourism forming are set, and also the analysis and design of prerequisites for the development of municipal districts cultural and recreational complex experience is presented.
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The transition from extensive to intensive demographic policy
Статья научная
The article analyzes the “window of opportunities” to overcome the demographic crisis through the actualization of intensive approach to the implementation of demographic policy. The main areas of this approach, according to the author, include the redirection of demographic policy from the quantity to the quality of the population, the accumulation and realization of human potential; the adjustment of migration policy taking into account the strategic interests of the indigenous peoples of Russia; the provision of support to traditional values of the Russian people with regard to family life and happiness. The transition to intensive demographic policy can serve as a long-term basis for improving the demographic situation.
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The transport complex of the Far East: development trends and economic role
Статья научная
The mutual influence of transport and economic development has been the focus of scientific research for a long time. Despite this, to date there has not yet formed a single point of view; the results of different authors' assessments are contradictory. Russian Far East is a region whose transport complex importance is difficult to overestimate. The additional relevance of this research area at the present stage is determined by the use of new forms and tools of the region's state policy, as well as the emergence of new promising areas of foreign economic cooperation in the field of transport. The purpose for the present study is to analyze the performance of the role of transport in the economy of the Russian Far East during 2000-2016, as well as to study the factors affecting the significance of transport in the regional economy at the present stage. The methodological research framework lies in the system approach and methods of system-functional and statistical analysis...
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The usage of renewable energy sources in the arctic: the role of public-private partnership
Статья научная
Sustainable development of the Arctic regions of the Russian Federation requires reliable energy supply, which is possible to achieve through searching for new environmentally clean energy sources. The Russian part of the Arctic possesses a great potential of renewable energy sources (RES), and it has required prerequisites for their accelerated development. In these conditions, the transition to renewable energy sources allows not only the provision of required energy resources to the region, supplement and partial substitution of the usage of expensive imported fuel, but the minimization of environmental damage and the preservation of natural resources for future generations. In this article, problems and prospects of the renewable energy usage in the energy system of the Arctic regions of the Russian Federation are systemized and presented. On the basis of the content analysis, the successful experience of their application in the Russian part of the Arctic is summarized, and the tasks of their promotion on these territories are shown. Besides, pros and cons of the renewable energy sources usage in the economy of the Arctic regions are defined. It is revealed that one of the most acute problems of the further development of the RES potential is related to the attraction of funding for “green” energy projects. To solve this problem, we propose the activation of cooperation between the state and business through the development of public- private partnership. We present the specifics of public-private partnership in the field of non-traditional energy and justify the importance of its application for the Arctic regions of the Russian Federation. The scientific novelty of the research is the development of theoretical provisions aimed at the cooperation between government authorities, business structures, and modern society in solving energy issues of the Russian Arctic with the goal of the sustainable development of its territories. The practical relevance of the study is the development of conditions for applying the public-private partnership mechanism to the solution of the priority objectives related to the usage of renewable energy sources in the Arctic region.
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The use of median rank for the comparison of alternatives in the long-term
Статья научная
The article offers the author’s approach to the comparison of the alternatives for the long-term development of the system/object, based on the use of ordinal variables. The best alternative is compared and selected using the author’s method of supramedian ranks. The article illustrates the application of the proposed approach when choosing the option of economic development of the Komi Republic.
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Статья научная
Importance and role of small enterprises during the transition of northern regions to innovation development are determined. Condition, problems and development prospects of small innovation entrepreneurship are considered. Proposals on improvement of the system of governmental support and conditions, influencing survival and development of small enterprises are worked out.
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The victory of capitalism in Russia: history and myths
Статья научная
Interpretation of development of Soviet society in the context of the capitalization with appropriate social and class changes (the emergence of new classes) is suggested in the article. Postsovetsky period, according to the authors, is associated with the loss of the accumulated capital of our country or decapitalization.
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Статья научная
The article considers the problems of power savings and increase in power efficiency in the housing and communal services economy of the Russian northern regions and the ways of solutions to these problems on the basis of innovation techniques using power servicing contracts as a possible mechanism to finance the investments in this sphere. As an example the author examines the implementation of pilot project “Power efficient quarter” in the city of Apatity in the Murmansk Oblast.
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The “May” decrees of the president: objective, indicators, implementation dynamics
Статья научная
Two and a half years have passed since the RF President’s adoption of a number of decrees aimed at improving social welfare of the citizens. The objectives of the given legal documents concern the issues of education and science, health, demography and social policy, economy and foreign policy, military service and development of the Armed Forces of Russia, inter-ethnic harmony, governance and quality of housing and utility services. V.V. Putin has set targets to be achieved in Russia by 2020. However, the acute budget crisis of regional systems hinders the implementation of Presidential Decrees.This article provides the reader with the analysis of the achieved results and states the problems of “May” requirements funding. In addition, there are possible options for the implementation of the targets laid down in the presidential decrees in the prescribed period.
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The “avoidant individual” as a social personality type in the Russian Trauma Society
Статья научная
In the context of socio-cultural traumatization of Russian society, specific social personality types are formed, which require the attention of researchers. The aim of the work is to analyze the “avoidant individual” as a social personality type. The methodological basis of the work includes the theories of trauma society (J. Alexander, P. Sztompka, Zh.T. Toshchenko) and the anthroposociocultural approach (anthroposociocultural evolutionism; N.I. Lapin). We used general scientific methods: analysis, synthesis, generalization, induction, formalization, idealization, typologization, generalization, analysis of scientific literature, secondary data analysis. The results obtained and the novelty of the study are as follows: we were the first to demonstrate the heuristic potential of using Zh.T. Toshchenko's theory of trauma society and N.I. Lapin's anthroposociocultural approach to develop a concept of the “avoiding individual” as a social personality type in a trauma society; we showed the possibility of using a crucial protective mechanism - avoidance of traumatic situations experienced by an individual - as a basis for identifying a specific social personality type “avoidant individual”; we defined its features that are formed under the influence of trauma society: high anxiety, lack of a clear image of the desired future, value orientations on material well-being, career, family, health, hedonism, a tendency toward antisocial behavior. It is the presence of post-traumatic motivation, which underlies the value orientations manifested by the respondent, that acts as a criterion for classifying a person as belonging to this social type. The findings of the research can be used for the development of sociological theories of personality, sociology of culture, sociology of management, sociology of social change. It is of practical importance to study the distribution of this type of personality in various social groups, strata and regions of the country. One of the important areas of future research is to analyze the influence of representatives of this type of personality on the social processes taking place in Russian society.
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Theoretical and methodological approaches to studying social reality
Статья научная
The processes occurring in Russia are pressing for the search for new infrastructure development and social development models. In the context of the ongoing crisis the government and the society must solve the common issue of qualitative changes in the life of the country, economic and social development. In this regard, studying social reality is becoming more relevant. The purpose for this research is to analyze the main approaches to the concept, nature and ways of forming social reality as the research object of social philosophy and sociology. Philosophical approaches to the nature and formation of social reality, which are based on works of European scholars of the 19-20th century, reflect the essence of this phenomenon in a number of ways. Modern world is characterized by an increasing importance of virtual reality, the opportunities of which are widely used for the formation of public consciousness. According to analysis results, profound sociological study of social reality requires the use of achievements of all philosophical schools and approaches. Without their integration, the image of social reality will be one-sided, which will make in impossible to apply the research results for effective social management.
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Статья научная
He article proposes certain methodological approaches to the formation of conditions for the development of innovation clusters, aimed at the structuring, appraisal and promotion of innovation processes. The article highlights some efficient conditions for the formation and development of “ideal” innovation clusters on the basis of these approaches.
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Статья научная
The research is aimed at developing theoretical aspects of the latent category “social comfort”, searching for new assessment methods and opportunities for using various types of information resources (big data, continuous and sample population surveys, state and administrative statistics). Development of the axiomatics of a new category and its modeling are necessary to determine a real level of population's well-being in dynamics, to assess true quality of people's life. The purpose of the research is aimed at development of theoretical and methodological foundations of social comfort as a latent category in the discourse of social processes and the test of its assessment using the method of generalized principal components. The main results of the study include the clarification of connotations and development of axiomatics for the new category “social comfort”; systematization of relevant international surveys, and the formation of reliable categories that ensure the validity of the results; assessment of the level of social comfort using the method of generalized principal components for a space-time sample - the STATIS method. The peculiarity of the method, used for space-time sampling, is an opportunity to simultaneously study object-feature matrices, related to different time points, and the identification of the parameters that mostly determine the scattering of observation objects: in our case, the regions of the Russian Federation, on a plane of main components of the generalized (compromise) space. The scientific novelty of the research is development of the axiomatics of the new category “social comfort”, which allows measuring and studying a person from the point of view of his inclusion in society, semantic correlation of various types of activity with time and external situation, expanding the subjective aspect of measuring the quality of life as one of the most important categories of social and economic science; the formation of new approaches to modeling and evaluating social comfort. The study is of practical interest to researchers, and its results may be used for creating socio-economic development programs in Russian regions.
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Статья научная
The article raises the issues of motivation in the context of individual approaches (Freudian, behavioral, cognitive-psychological, etc.) in the framework of theoretical-personal and theoretical-associative fields. The goals of the article are as follows: to structure the main existing approaches to the study of motivation, and to determine the provisions that can be used in the framework of the motivation for people’s creative labor activity. The study used general logical methods and techniques, such as system approach, generalization, analysis, and synthesis. We conclude that the main source of people’s activity is need-based tension, and the aim is to eliminate it using external incentive factors. We show that the nature of behavior will be determined by the degree of consistency between different groups of motives, correlation of motives and external goals, and in the absence of such coordination - by volitional mechanisms of regulation. We point out that scientific literature contains no unambiguous definition of motivational-stimulating mechanism; the paper provides its interpretation from the standpoint of behavioral approach and A.N...
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Theoretical aspects of agent-based modeling in the development of the forest complex
Статья научная
One of the ways to ensure sustainable economic growth in modern Russia is to enhance the efficiency of utilization of forest resources. The forest complex is a comprehensive open system with close relationships between different aspects such as ecological, social, economic, cultural, educational, and public administration. It is difficult to find a comprehensive solution to the issues of development of the forest complex if there is no evidence-based system for management decision-making. One of the promising areas of scientific research in this direction could be the application of agent-based models simulating the processes of using, protecting, and reproducing forests, forest products and forest management. The aim of the paper is to study scientific approaches to the construction of agent-based models applied to the forest sector in order to define common approaches to the formation of a set of agents and create an environment for their functioning. We provide an overview of the experience of simulation modeling of individual processes in the forest complex with the use of the agent-based approach...
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Статья научная
This article deals with the theoretical aspects of temporal databases. There is one of the definitions of temporal databases in the first part of the article which reflects the essence of temporal databases exactly. The existing approaches to temporal databases are also described in the article as well as three approaches to create such databases are highlighted. The article proposes a way to implement temporal extension for existing relational databases. Therefore new data types and new operations with them are proposed. All descriptions are given through the abstract data types. The final part of the article deals with the application of temporal database to store the social and economic information and creating of DB to keep the results of monitoring studies.
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