Journal articles - Arctic and North
All articles: 1028
Human Capital and Social Capacity of the Regional Space of Arctic Karelia
Scientific article
The development of the Russian Arctic in the strategic perspective will require the attraction of significant labor resources. However, currently the population outflow trends prevail. The creation of territorial conditions for the expanded reproduction of human capital is of crucial importance in this context. The purpose of the study is to identify the territorial specificity of the conditions for the reproduction of human capital in Arctic Karelia in aspects reflecting the social capacity of the territory. The first task is to study the territorial conditions of human capital reproduction related to its social aspect: health care system, education system, culture, leisure and entertainment. The second task is to assess the possibility of applying the concept of social capacity of space to study the social component of the conditions of human capital reproduction. Complex economic and sociological tools are used. Information bases: Rosstat data, SPARK data, results of the population survey (autumn 2023). A comparative analysis of spatial aspects of the distribution of conditions for the reproduction of human capital and population estimates was carried out. According to the population’s estimates, the most important problems in the health care sector are the shortage of specialists, lack of modern equipment, inaccessibility of complex types of medical care and a narrow range of laboratory tests. The key problems in the field of education are lack of specialists and institutions of higher professional education, decline in the level of education and poor condition of school buildings and kindergartens. The conclusion is made about the structure of indicators of the prospective concept of social capacity of territories and the necessary addition of information bases in accordance with its conceptual logic. The practical significance of the research lies in the formation of analytical bases for ensuring the expanded reproduction of human capital in the territories of the Russian Arctic.
Free
Human Security in the Arctic: Threats through the Prism of the "Northern Mentality"
Scientific article
The article is devoted to the analysis of threats to human security in the Russian Arctic, taking into account the peculiarities of the “northern mentality”. The authors note that the concept of “human security” is relatively new for the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation (AZRF), as until recently security in the northern regions of Russia was defined mainly from the state-centric positions. The universalist approach is hardly applicable in practical policy: it is impossible to build a policy of “human security in general” and transfer it to the conditions of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. The concept of human security and corresponding policies must be adapted to the specific conditions of the Russian Arctic. Today, however, the AZRF faces a set of new threats to human security that require a response. The authors examine several groups of threats to human security that are relevant to the AZRF, the reasons for their emergence and the extent to which they affect the further development of the region. In conclusion, the authors conclude that the transition of the AZRF to sustainable development is only possible if the threats to human security discussed in the article are neutralised. The key directions of human security policy, which is based on the principle of enhancing the viability and self-development of the peoples permanently living in the Arctic, are highlighted.
Free
Human capital — a key factor of the Arctic economic development
Scientific article
The article deals with the demographic, social and economic situation in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. Its demographic trends, main indicators of the economic and social development, the situation in the labor market, as well as providing the population with the necessary training and healthcare are studied. The central role in solving the complex problems of the Russian Arctic revival belongs to the workforce as it is the main factor of the current economic growth.
Free
Humanization of the regional science»: Social Health of the European North
Scientific article
Given clause (article) is a projection of the social - ecological methodology to studying of the social health of the city communities in the Russian North. Regional science the North by the author is understood as a science of the studying of the city communities of the Arctic regions. Noospheres are that scientific approach which can positively solve questions of the development of the North.
Free
Identification of the Optimal Conditions for Functioning of the Arctic Marine Services Market
Scientific article
The article analyzes the prerequisites for the development of the Arctic sea-‐ market service, the main stages in the modernization of infrastructure of the Arctic transport sys-‐ tem, as well as barriers to the exploitation of the Northern Sea Route.
Free
Scientific article
This article analyzes the external view of the problem of the socio-cultural community of the Arctic territories of Russia and macro perspectives of forming a single regional identity of the Arctic. Analyzes the key meanings of the Arctic identities in the official discourse.
Free
Impact of Economic Factors on Sustainability of the Fishing Industry of the Russian Arctic Zone
Scientific article
The analysis of the influence of actual external and internal economic factors on the work of the fishing industry in general and in the Arctic zone in particular shows the stability and ability of the Russian fishery complex to fulfil the tasks of implementing the Food Security Doctrine of the Russian Federation and other strategic regulatory documents. Timely work of the state legislative bodies in decision-making at all levels of management in the current situation is noted. Key economic factors (export and import, supply and demand, shipbuilding and ship repair, logistics, etc.) that have direct and indirect impact after the introduction of sanctions are considered. The paper analyses the key performance indicators of the Russian fishery complex, provides an analytical review of the demand for fresh-frozen fish in the North-West region, the relationship between the population’s income and the consumption of fish and fish products in the country. The primary role of scientific support of the fishing industry in the successful realization of the general goals and achievement of the set tasks is emphasized. An assumption about opening of new logistic routes and expansion of geography of fish and fish products supplies to African and Latin American countries, countries of Asia-Pacific region is made on the basis of assessment of modern international relations. It is determined that the construction and repair of the fishing fleet in modern conditions is of concern to the state structures and fishing business community. The measures of state support of shipbuilding plants of the country are considered, the proposal on creation of ship repair cluster in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation is substantiated.
Free
Scientific article
The article examines the impact of fish products export by fishermen of the Murmansk Oblast on the realization of two main indicators prescribed in the Food Security Doctrine: the volume of products supplied to the domestic market and their economic accessibility to the population. As a result of the study, it was found that the main indicator of the Doctrine implementation — the threshold value of fish products supply to the domestic market — is not met due to its excessive export. The level of under-supply, compared to the recommendations of the Doctrine, amounted to 53.4% in 2021. Fish is supplied to the Murmansk Oblast and other regions in volumes that ensure its sale at high wholesale prices set by fishermen and with little competition. The bulk of the Arctic fish catch — up to 75%, and over 90% of cod and haddock — is exported, which is facilitated by high world prices and the low rate of the Russian ruble. Even when Russian fish is sold abroad at a discount, fish producers prefer to export it. In the absence of incentives for the supply of fishery products to the domestic market, it is advisable to increase the legal status of the Doctrine and make the implementation of its recommendations mandatory, or change the rules for allocating fishing resources to economic entities. The economic availability of cut fish for the population of the producing region — the Murmansk Oblast — is lower than the Russian average. There is a declining level of consumption. This is a consequence of the use of high prices set in the domestic market in a non-market way. There is a need to establish prices for fish products on the domestic market using auctions or exchange trading.
Free
Implications of the use of liquefied natural gas for marine transportation in the Arctic
Scientific article
The transition from the use of bunker fuel to the use of the liquefied natural gas (LNG) for the Arctic marine transportation has various consequences. The author is interested to present the issue in the political, economic, environmental, marine legal perspectives. Implementing the regime efficiency and niche selection approach as well as the Environmental Kuznets Curve, the paper demonstrates potential benign interdependence of the Arctic countries after they have transferred their vessels to LNG. In such circumstances, Norway, Canada and the US are shown as the most benefiting nations. The second part of the article is devoted to the significant environmental improvement after the transition with a particular attention to the dramatic decrease of black carbon (soot) which leads to increase of albedo. Finally, the paper examines the existing legal provisions regulating the transition to LNG and modulates a further development scenario based on the theory of the lifecycle of a norm.
Free
Scientific article
The successful development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation is directly related to the reliable and efficient operation of local heat supply systems, including those with minimal anthropogenic impact on the environment. Today, the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation uses mainly imported fossil fuels for heat generation, most of which (with the exception of coal and wood in some places) are delivered from other regions of Russia, which is associated with great financial difficulties and complicated logistics of fuel delivery to consumers. On the example of Teriberka settlement, located in the Murmansk region on the coast of the Barents Sea, it is shown that one of the solutions to these problems can be the use of wind turbines for heat supply needs together with the local boiler house, operating on organic fuel. The main effect from the use of wind power plants is expressed in the reduction of the boiler house participation in covering the heating load schedule of Teriberka settlement by 75-80% and, accordingly, by the same amount in saving fossil fuel consumed at the boiler house, as well as in reducing the negative impact on the natural environment.
Free
Scientific article
In the article gives a refutation of the generally accepted versions of the fate of the thirteen members of the expedition Brusilov, remaining on board the schooner “St. Anna” after the departure of the navigator Albanov V. A., in April 1914. For the first time, gathered together on the basis of available historical and geographical sources of currents, winds and drifting ice in the Arctic in a particular area, showing the most probable direction of the drift of the schooner, the reasons for its demise and the subsequent path of G. Brusilov expedition to the eastern coast of Svalbard.
Free
Scientific article
The article discusses the problems of increasing the multiplier effect of the agro-industrial complex of the Komi Republic as a result of investment, as well as ways to accelerate the economic growth of its spheres and individual enterprises. The problems of motivation to increase capital investments in order to increase production and competitiveness of marketable products remain without due attention. The aim of the study is to substantiate the transition of the agro-industrial complex of the Komi Republic to an innovative and investment path of development, to more active methods of using advanced technologies and resource provision of investments, increasing the share of the intellectual component in their composition. The subject of the study is to determine the level of the multiplier effect of the agro-industrial complex of the Komi Republic as a method for assessing its effectiveness and competitiveness. Research methods — quantitative assessment of the effectiveness of total costs, scientific abstraction, analysis and synthesis, systems approach, historical and logical method, statistical observations. The article reveals the main trends of the multiplier effect in the agro-industrial complex of the Komi Republic. It is proposed to increase the multiplier effect of the agro-industrial complex for business entities to focus on the tasks of coordinating the flows of available investment resources.
Free
Scientific article
In 1914, the Canadian Arctic Expedition (CAE) attempted to advance Canadian sove-reignty in the Arctic as part of the colonial project, itself propelled by imperialist impulses rooted in complex imperialist ideology. The CAE came to an abrupt end with the sinking of one of its ships, the Karluk, with survivors setting up camp on Wrangel Island in the Arctic Ocean. With the Alaskan Inupiaq Claude Katаktovick1, Robert Abram Bartlett, captain of the Karluk, trekked hundreds of miles over rough ice to and then through Chukchi territory in Siberia. From there, Bartlett was able to mount a rescue of the remaining Karluk survivors. Bartlett’s accounts of his weeks with Kataktovick and the Chukchi serve as a case study of explorer-Indigenous relations in the era of exploration. The Indigenous people of the Arctic were subject to explorers in a hierarchical relationship built around supporting exploration. Despite their often central and sometimes life-saving roles, as actors, Indigenous people are generally invisible in polar narratives. Yet the story of the Karluk demonstrates that, even within the constraints of this context, Indigenous people could emerge as central agents and explorers could move towards more egalitarian relations with Indigenous people.
Free
India and the Arctic: environment, economy and politics
Scientific article
The article analyzes the main trends in the development of India and the development of the Arctic: the participation in the study of global warming and the state of the Arctic ice; the use of the Northern Sea Route for transportation; expansion of international cooperation in the Arctic direction, including with Russia.
Free
India’s Arctic Policy: The Historical Context
Scientific article
India released its Arctic Policy in March 2022, a long-awaited document by one of the four Observer countries to the Arctic Council indicating India's realisation of the significance of the Arctic. This article examines the evolution of India's Arctic engagement through a historical analysis of India's Arctic discourse. Apart from enunciating the scientific and political endeavours to date, the article traces the historical evolution of India's Arctic dialogue by political, strategic and academic experts and the process of India's engagement in the region. The objective of the article is to trace the historical context of India's Arctic policy. The article's analysis of India's recently published Arctic policy suggests that India's cooperation with Arctic council countries needs to be expanded, and it also must build up on its Arctic expertise by forging links with scientific institutions and universities across the Arctic. The practical significance of the article is in its use by policymakers and researchers interested in cooperation with India in the Arctic and for academic use at universities.
Free
Scientific article
The article uses two regression models, previously constructed using panel data from the Central Federal District (CFD) and the Volga Federal District (VFD). The main focus of their application is on the Arkhangelsk Oblast. At the preliminary stage, two composite indicators were developed using principal component analysis combined with correlation analysis of the variables: the level of welfare and the development of transport infrastructure. They were calculated for each region using statistics from the CFD covering a number of years prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. In the next stage, two regression models with variable structures were constructed. The dependent variable in Model 1 is the indicator of the population’s welfare, in Model 2 —the life expectancy at birth (LEB). Both of these models are new; the specification of Model 1 is provided for the Pomorye region. Another novel aspect is the formalization of the relationship between the aggregate welfare measure and indicators of infrastructure, the digitalization of the economy and life expectancy at birth. The models enabled the identification of informative factor variables, which were then examined in detail. Finally, they were applied to two regions of the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation (AZRF) and a number of others. The factors in Model 1 that significantly influence the level of welfare were examined more closely: the infrastructure variable, digital economy indicators, life expectancy at birth, and others. Model 2, which functions well for many regions of the Russian Federation, is briefly described. Following a comparison of indicators for the Arkhangelsk Oblast and other regions, an illustrative example of forecasting for 2019 and 2020 is presented. The discussion identifies the region’s problem areas and provides a brief overview of work on infrastructure, digitalization, innovations, and LEB. A number of parallels identified in regional development may also be of interest. Similarly, the research methodology can be applied to other territories of the AZRF and neighboring areas, as well as to other regions. The findings of the study may be useful to the authorities responsible for managing the regional development of territories within the AZRF or a number of other regions.
Free
Indigenous people of the Arctic: concept, the current status of culture
Scientific article
Disclosed the etymological roots and essence of the concepts of ‛indigenous man’, ‛indigenous people’, displays the evolution of the content of the definitions of ‛indigenous people’ in the Russian and international legal practice, the ratio found in the evolutionary tradition and culture of the indigenous people of the Arctic.
Free
Scientific article
It is showed the dynamics of the number of the indigenous people of the North of Yakutia, according to the lists of the Population of the twentieth century and it was constructed the maps of the settlements with GIS technologies.
Free
Indigenous people of the arctic and north: bibliographical list
Scientific article
Published bibliographical references and sources on ‛Indigenous people of the Arctic and the North’.
Free
