Статьи журнала - Arctic and North
Все статьи: 988
Статья научная
In 1914, the Canadian Arctic Expedition (CAE) attempted to advance Canadian sove-reignty in the Arctic as part of the colonial project, itself propelled by imperialist impulses rooted in complex imperialist ideology. The CAE came to an abrupt end with the sinking of one of its ships, the Karluk, with survivors setting up camp on Wrangel Island in the Arctic Ocean. With the Alaskan Inupiaq Claude Katаktovick1, Robert Abram Bartlett, captain of the Karluk, trekked hundreds of miles over rough ice to and then through Chukchi territory in Siberia. From there, Bartlett was able to mount a rescue of the remaining Karluk survivors. Bartlett’s accounts of his weeks with Kataktovick and the Chukchi serve as a case study of explorer-Indigenous relations in the era of exploration. The Indigenous people of the Arctic were subject to explorers in a hierarchical relationship built around supporting exploration. Despite their often central and sometimes life-saving roles, as actors, Indigenous people are generally invisible in polar narratives. Yet the story of the Karluk demonstrates that, even within the constraints of this context, Indigenous people could emerge as central agents and explorers could move towards more egalitarian relations with Indigenous people.
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India and the Arctic: environment, economy and politics
Статья научная
The article analyzes the main trends in the development of India and the development of the Arctic: the participation in the study of global warming and the state of the Arctic ice; the use of the Northern Sea Route for transportation; expansion of international cooperation in the Arctic direction, including with Russia.
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India’s Arctic Policy: The Historical Context
Статья научная
India released its Arctic Policy in March 2022, a long-awaited document by one of the four Observer countries to the Arctic Council indicating India's realisation of the significance of the Arctic. This article examines the evolution of India's Arctic engagement through a historical analysis of India's Arctic discourse. Apart from enunciating the scientific and political endeavours to date, the article traces the historical evolution of India's Arctic dialogue by political, strategic and academic experts and the process of India's engagement in the region. The objective of the article is to trace the historical context of India's Arctic policy. The article's analysis of India's recently published Arctic policy suggests that India's cooperation with Arctic council countries needs to be expanded, and it also must build up on its Arctic expertise by forging links with scientific institutions and universities across the Arctic. The practical significance of the article is in its use by policymakers and researchers interested in cooperation with India in the Arctic and for academic use at universities.
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Indigenous people of the Arctic: concept, the current status of culture
Статья научная
Disclosed the etymological roots and essence of the concepts of ‛indigenous man’, ‛indigenous people’, displays the evolution of the content of the definitions of ‛indigenous people’ in the Russian and international legal practice, the ratio found in the evolutionary tradition and culture of the indigenous people of the Arctic.
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Статья научная
It is showed the dynamics of the number of the indigenous people of the North of Yakutia, according to the lists of the Population of the twentieth century and it was constructed the maps of the settlements with GIS technologies.
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Indigenous people of the arctic and north: bibliographical list
Статья научная
Published bibliographical references and sources on ‛Indigenous people of the Arctic and the North’.
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Indigenous tourism and the Barents Euro-Arctic Region (BEAR)
Статья научная
In this article, it is argued that indigenous tourism must be understood as shaped by European ideas of the Other, as well as a more recent development in global politics. Such broad and increasingly global structures frame those heterogeneous populations that are labeled and label themselves indigenous. Furthermore, the current situation of these peoples is also shaped by their relationships to surrounding majorities and nation states. Therefore, definitions of indigenous tourism should rather be built on minorities’ degree of control of tourism activities than by ideas of emblematic cultural features. The growth in the tourism industry in many parts of the Barents Euro-Arctic Region also represents an opportunity for representing and maintaining cultural features among minorities. Nevertheless, minorities might also face challenges by being relegated to a position in the tourism industry where other more powerful actors define a rather narrow field of what indigenous tourism is. This article is based on literary studies of contemporary research on indigeneity, tourism, and Sámi tourism and draws upon the author’s extensive previous research on Sámi tourism in Norway.
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Статья научная
The purpose of the work is to assess the consequences of the industrial development of the territories of traditional nature management of the indigenous peoples of the North. In order to achieve the goal, the investment projects planned on the territory of the Arctic and considered in the ethnological expertise of the Yakutia are analyzed. The structure of the Yakutia economy is dominated by the mining industry. The Arctic and northern territories of Yakutia are characterized by high vulnerability to technogenic impacts. In 2012–2021, 39 investment business projects were considered in the republic’s ethnological expertise, including 12 ones in the Arctic and northern regions. In order to improve the health and quality of life of indigenous peoples in the areas of industrial development, it is necessary to conclude a trilateral Cooperation Agreement between the project customer, state authorities and authorized representatives of indigenous peoples. In order to monitor the quality of life of indigenous peoples, it is necessary to adopt the Program of ethno-ecological monitoring in the territories of traditional nature management. The study was carried out using historical-geographical, analytical, synthetic, statistical methods. The results of the work can be applied by specialists of state structures, scientists, students.
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Industrial Gas Potential of the Western Arctic in the Strategic Perspective
Статья научная
The state of the mineral resource base of natural gas requires special control, as it is a strategic resource necessary for the sustainable functioning and development of the Russian Federation’s economy, ensuring national security and defense, competitive advantage in foreign trade in hydrocarbons and deep-processing products, and meeting the domestic needs of high-tech sectors of the economy for hydrocarbon raw materials. An analysis of the state of the mineral resource base in terms of the country’s energy and economic security was carried out, and an assessment of natural gas reserves replenishment based on the reproduction coefficient was given. A study was conducted on the level of resource potential and prospects for increasing the mineral resource base of natural gas in the Western Arctic. It has been determined that the requirement for guaranteed gas production necessitates a change in subsoil use strategy. The depletion of profitable Cenomanian deposits in several traditional fields has become an incentive to develop projects for the development of hard-to-recover natural gas reserves — Upper-Cenomanian and deep-lying Neocom-Jurassic and Achimov. It has been concluded that it is necessary to compensate for the depletion of profitable gas reserves in traditional gas production regions, primarily in the Nadym-Purskaya and Pur-Tazovskaya fields, by shifting the raw material base to the Yamal and Gydan regions; development of transit fields in the Kara Sea, Ob, Tazovskaya and Gydanskaya bays; development of complex hydrocarbon deposits within the developed fields of traditional gas production centers.
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Industrial Policy and Transformation of the Consumer Market of the Russia’s Arctic Regions
Статья научная
The article considers the state of industrial policy in the subjects of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation both in terms of the status and dynamics of the regional consumer market and the mechanisms of state regulation and support. In the current situation of economic sanctions and external threats, the main problems of the consumer market are the following: rising prices, transformation of transport and logistics schemes, declining quality of goods and services, reduction of their assortment. Opportunities for solving them could include: location of production sites closer to the end consumer, inter-production and interregional cooperation and specialization, state regulation and compensation of fuel, energy and transport tariffs, infrastructure development. The article considers a number of generalized cases of consumer preferences formation depending on the goods belonging of local producers to this or that sector of the “Price x Quality” matrix. A number of systemic problems associated with the need for local producers to respond to the transformational changes to which the regional consumer market is exposed today has been identified. In order to create a set of support measures and effective tools, it is necessary to develop a system of long–term guidelines and strategizing in the field of regional industrial policy: on the one hand, it is integrated into the state vertical of industrial management, on the other hand, it takes into account territorial features, industrial potential and consumer expectations of the population in the regions. Based on the analysis, the authors propose to create a single document in each region of the Russian Federation with the working title “Fundamentals of regional industrial policy and consumer market development”.
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Статья научная
South Yakutia is the territory of residence of the native population (Evenki) and intensive industrial development. Sector studies have shown the presence of permanent factors that substantially affect the process of adaptation to the realities of life. Rapid changes of socio-economic structure of modern society have led to the emergence of new social and socio-political factors that have an intense impact on the Aboriginal community Evenki. The system of belief, constant communion with nature help to survive in the harsh environment of Evensk taiga, uncomfortable conditions of the national settlement with one hand. On the other, the invasion of industry on the territory of traditional nature compels Aboriginal community to increase their civic position, be able to assert their rights.
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Статья научная
The work shows the results of studying the oxygen transportation function of blood of northerners of working age. It shows the dynamics of hematological variables depending on the length of living in the North (northern time record), which is important for human ecology.
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Informal Employment: Features in the North and South of Russia
Статья научная
The spread of informal employment is relevant for the labor market of the Russian Federation as a whole, and for its regions. The relevance of the research problem is associated with the lack of comparative data on the informal sector of the economy of the territories of the north and south of the Russian Federation. The reason for the growth of employment in the informal sector is associated with the development of the service sector and digitalization of the economy, increased competition in regional markets, which leads to the growth of flexible forms of employment. The purpose of the study is to assess the scale of employment in the informal sector in the northern and southern regions of Russia using a production approach. The work attempts to identify and assess the economic conditions affecting informal employment in the regions under consideration. The author examined three groups of conditions and selected indicators characterizing these conditions, which formed the basis for the analysis of employment dynamics in the informal sector. Panel data were collected on the basis of Rosstat information for recent years, maintaining comparability of data collection and processing methods. The study provides an assessment of employment in the informal sector for the regions of the south and north of the Russian Federation draws conclusions on the impact of the above groups of economic factors on employment in the informal sector in these regions. The relationship between per capita gross regional product and informal employment is revealed. The practical significance of the study lies in the fact that the results obtained may be in demand when assessing the processes of employment change during the development of strategies and programs for regional development. The prospects for further research are determined by a more in-depth analysis of the degree of influence of the current socio-economic situation on the level of employment in the regions.
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Infrastructure projects — general resource for increasing the economic potential of the Arctic
Статья научная
The study examines modern challenges affecting the development of the Arctic marine transport system and the economic situation of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation (AZRF). The basic normative legal acts that determine the activities of economic organizations in the Arctic are presented. It was determined that in the context of the world economy regression caused by geopolitical, economic, natural and other reasons, increasing the AZRF economic potential is a priority goal, and the implementation of tasks for the Arctic zone development and ensuring national security corresponds to the implementation of the Fundamentals of State Policy of Russia. The tendency of competitive struggle by the Arctic countries on the issues of economics and geopolitics is noted. The Northern Sea Route (NSR) is presented as the basis of the Arctic sea transport system, its economic potential, international importance, international integration with the People's Republic of China is shown. The main infrastructural projects of the Arctic for the development of the oil and gas complex, the construction of an icebreaker fleet, the construction of new and modernization of the existing ports of the NSR, etc. are presented to solve the problems of increasing cargo traffic along the Northern Sea Corridor. New projects for modernization of port infrastructure, transport development, etc. are considered. The purpose of the study is to assess the ongoing and planned infrastructure projects carried out by the state and business to increase the economic potential of the Arctic. Many of them are unique, which expresses firm confidence in the modern development of the Arctic zone, in ensuring the national security of the Russian Federation.
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Innovation Potential of the Arctic Regions of Russia
Статья научная
The paper provides a comparative analysis of foreign and Russian methodologies for assessing innovation potential. It is shown that foreign methodologies cannot be used to determine the innovation potential of the Arctic regions of Russia due to specific indicators that are not calculated by Russian statistics. It is determined that the use of Russian methodologies for an objective assessment of the Arctic regions in terms of innovation potential is difficult. In this regard, the authors developed a comprehensive methodology for assessing innovation potential, the principal novelty of which consists, firstly, in the use of specific indicators (in other methods, the authors use not specific, but absolute statistical indicators); secondly, only indicators that characterize innovation development are used; thirdly, expert research methods are excluded. According to the results of the analysis of statistical data, it is determined that the Arctic regions have low rates of innovation development and lag behind the average Russian values. Based on the proposed methodology, the innovation potential was calculated and the Russian regions were ranked for ten years, including 2011, 2013, 2017 and 2020, in order to compare the dynamics of the Arctic regions. It is shown that the Arctic regions are characterized by rather low values of innovation potential and are mostly below 50th place in the ranking of Russian regions.
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Innovation Processes in the Energy Sector of the Arctic Region
Статья научная
Moving forward, striving for perfection of any human activity is associated with innovative development of technologies, manufactured products, labor relations and other factors. The study presents the results of the joint activities of educational, scientific and industrial organizations in the energy sector of the country. It has been established that with the acceleration of scientific and technological progress, innovations and investment technological processes are becoming key components of government and business activities that contribute to the development of energy sector companies to ensure their long-term competitiveness, which is especially important when implementing Arctic projects. The importance of developing and creating an innovative technological product is especially acute in the energy industry that provides life support for people, businesses, and the country. The energy sector is a rather conservative industry in terms of innovations (this is due to the long life cycle of the main equipment, which is several dozens of years), created by domestic enterprises using exclusively domestic components. Modernization and construction of new facilities in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation in the energy sector requires significant investments with long payback periods, which is a significant factor in decision-making. Small and medium-sized businesses operating in the energy sector are set to make a profit in the short or medium term, but such companies are characterized by a low level of research and development. Nevertheless, the reconstruction of the energy sector is an urgent topic for the industry today, due to the fact that the wear and tear of equipment exceeds its service life. The key results of investment activities and key trends in the development of the energy sector, including in the Arctic, are highlighted. The purpose of the study is to identify long-term trends in innovative technological solutions in various areas of the country’s energy sector and to determine methods for their application in Arctic projects.
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Innovation in education by the eyes of the students of NArFU: problems of the transition period
Статья научная
The article tries to compare the ideal vision of NArFU and reality, marked by the student audience.
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Innovations in Western Arctic Fisheries
Статья научная
The purpose of this article is to substantiate the possibility of increasing the efficiency of fishing and crab harvesting in the Western Arctic through innovation. The relevance of this issue is related to the decline in fishing efficiency due to sanctions imposed by the United States and the European Economic Community on fishing, as well as other factors that increase costs and reduce product value. An analysis of selected indicators of the economic efficiency of fishing in the Murmansk Oblast in 2021 was carried out in comparison with 2013, which is considered the last period of the development stage of fishing in accordance with the classic business life cycle. It was shown that the main impact on the decline in the efficiency of crab fishing and fishing in general was the loss of the crab market in the United States and European countries, as well as the need to reorient sales to the Asia-Pacific region. As a result, import prices for crab in China, Korea and Japan became significantly lower than in the United States ($40/kg) and in the EEU countries. It was found that prices for live crab in China are almost 3 times higher than for frozen crab, and an innovative system for delivering it to China alive was developed. It was shown that the main innovative factor in increasing efficiency in fishing is the new fleet. The use of new vessels for crab fishing will ensure a 20–50% increase in fishing results, while labor productivity in fishing should increase by about 2 times, and costs should decrease. Proposals have been made to potentially increase fishing efficiency through other innovative factors: introduction of a new catch accounting system, improved logistics, release of new products, digitalization, development of the domestic market through improved pricing and competition, etc. In 2024, prices for live crab in China reached their pre-sanction level in the United States — $40/kg.
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Innovative Potential of the Regions in the Russian Arctic Zone: State and Spatial Differentiation
Статья научная
The article considers the components of the innovation potential of Russian regions that are fully or partially included in the Arctic zone. The purpose of the article is to analyze and evaluate the state and dynamics of innovative development of the regions of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. The methodology for calculating the composite index of innovative development is proposed. The calculations are made on the basis of the database formed by the authors, which consists of four blocks; the main conclusions on the blocks are formed. According to the composite index for the period 2015-2021, the leading positions are occupied by the Krasnoyarsk Krai, the Arkhangelsk Oblast and the Komi Republic, and the Republics of Karelia, Sakha (Yakutia) and Komi in terms of the index growth rate. The study of the state, dynamics and level of innovation development in the regions of the AZRF shows that some components of innovation potential are unevenly developed in the regions that are fully or partially included in the AZRF. At the same time, the regions differ in the dynamics of innovative development. Thus, the worst indicators of innovative development in accordance with the proposed methodology are observed in the Arkhangelsk Oblast, Chukotka and Nenets Autonomous okrugs. The high correlation between the composite index of innovative development and indicators of socio-economic development of the regions revealed by the authors characterizes the positive impact of innovation activity on the socio-economic development of the AZRF subjects. In this regard, the key recommendations are the following: improvement of legislative support for the formation of eco-industrial, tourist zones, innovation sites and cluster formations in the Arctic territory within the framework of testing new formats of economic intensification of the Russian Arctic regions; formation of a macro-regional register of suppliers of innovative products for the projects of residents of the AZRF with the distribution of preferential measures of a special economic and administrative regime. The prospects of the research are related to the study of critical vulnerabilities in the production and technological processes of the sectors of specialization of the Arctic regions in import substitution.
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Innovative and Technological Development of the Fuel and Energy Complex of the Russian Arctic
Статья научная
The article discusses the process of development of the Arctic zone of Russia, in particular, in the energy and oil and gas industries. Particular attention is paid to the fact that comprehensive development of the Arctic is currently one of the strategic priorities of the state. As a measure to increase the attractiveness of this region for entrepreneurs, investments and innovations, a decision was made to create a special economic regime in the Arctic zone, which is already proving to be effective. The development of the Arctic is impossible without the active introduction of innovations and technologies adapted to specific natural and geographical conditions. Russian companies play a key role in this process, and cooperation with friendly countries such as China opens up new opportunities for solving common tasks and achieving mutual goals. The main areas of such cooperation are the development of trade in energy resources and the expansion of scientific and research cooperation, which ultimately contributes to more effective development of the Arctic region. The article also touches on the development of the Northern Sea Route logistics corridor, its infrastructure and its role in delivering resources from the Arctic to Asia. Examples of successful projects such as Yamal LNG and Arctic LNG-2, Prirazlomnaya and Kola wind farms are considered. In general, the article provides an overview of the current state of development of the Russian Arctic zone in terms of innovative development and its further prosperity.
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