Статьи журнала - Cardiometry
Все статьи: 571
Features of the course of COVID-19 infection in children
Статья научная
The COVID-19 infection has become an unexpected challenge for global health in recent years. The SARS-CoV-2 virus, which causes severe illness in adults, was most often asymptomatic in the pediatric population. However, since the appearance of the new virus, the estimated share of infected children has risen from less than 2% to 8.5% of all infected patients. Taking into account the fact that asymptomatic and oligosymptomatic pediatric patients most often do not complain, it can be assumed that the exact occurrence rate of the SARS-CoV-2 virus among children is higher than officially published data. Similarly to adults, the presence of comorbidities in children was associated with severe forms of the coronavirus infection and the need for intensive care. The clinical pattern of COVID-19 in children is not fundamentally different from that in adult patients, but however, gastrointestinal symptoms are found much more often. In addition, complications characteristic of the pediatric population are observed. The aim hereof was to analyze the features of the manifestation of the COVID-19 infection in pediatric patients.
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Features of the course of cardiovascular diseases against the background of COVID-19
Статья научная
Based on the analysis of 308 electronic medical records of patients with a confirmed diagnosis of a new coronavirus infection COVID-19, the features of the course of cardiovascular diseases at the regional level were studied. It was found that in patients with cardiovascular diseases, the severity of the course and mortality are higher than in patients without cardiac pathology.
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Статья научная
In the modern world, patients suffering from chronic renal insufficiency quite often also have a number of other diseases, among which otolaryngological ailments occupy far from the last place. The causes of the development of ENT diseases against the background of the development or chronic course of kidney disease usually lie in the weakening of the immune system of patients, as well as in the use of certain pharmacological complexes by the latter, which have side effects expressed in a negative effect on the functions of ENT organs. Patients who have been shown and underwent kidney transplantation are particularly at risk of developing otolaryngological diseases, since such patients need lifelong treatment to suppress the immune system and minimize the likelihood of organ rejection. A decrease in the body’s defenses under certain conditions leads to the development of diseases of various natures, including otolaryngological ones. The authors believe that the otorhinolaryngological dysfunctions discussed above that have arisen in patients with CKD are usually permanent and difficult to control, have a negative impact on the quality of life of patients with CKD. For this reason, patients suffering from CKD should be regularly monitored by an otolaryngologist, undergoing regular examinations. The importance of these procedures is determined by the fact that individual otolaryngological disorders, in case of their early detection, may be reversible. In addition, correctly and timely prescribed treatment can limit the development of individual ENT pathologies.
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Features of the first-year students’ lifestyle at the faculty of medicine: an observational study
Статья научная
Introduction. Our analysis of studies of the lifestyle of medical students has shown that the students keep an unhealthy lifestyle with some differences in their lifestyle components, regions, and course of university study. Therefore, it is of scientific and practical interest to identify and analyze some factors which influence the formation of a healthy lifestyle for future medical doctors. The aim of the study is to investigate the lifestyle characteristics of the first-year students at the Faculty of Medicine and identify some key predictors of an unhealthy lifestyle. Methods. An observational cross-sectional study of the first-year students of the Medical Faculty at the Kabardino-Balkarian State University named after I.I. HM. Berbekov was conducted. The selection of units of the observation was carried out by the nesting method while maintaining the proportion characteristic of the general population. The sample set reflected the properties of the general population both quantitatively and qualitatively. The study included an anonymous survey using a specially designed questionnaire containing 80 questions to study socio-demographic characteristics that make up lifestyle (physical activity, daily routine, diet schedule and diet composition, the presence of bad habits), well-being, attention to one’s own health, using online Google Forms Designer. Results. More than half of the students surveyed (51.6%) consider their lifestyle not fully consistent with the principles of a healthy lifestyle. Herewith, 75.4% of the students did not adhere to the proper diet, 72.1% of them did not follow the daily scheduled routine, 24.9% of them slept less than 6 hours at night, 20.4% of the students did not engage in any type of physical activity. The number of smoking students was 8.9%, those drinking alcohol was recorded to reach 9.7%. Using the method of multiple logistic regression analysis for predicting lifestyle changes, the key predictors of an unhealthy lifestyle were identified as follows: the presence of bad habits, the number of cigarettes smoked and an unhealthy diet. Conclusion. The completed study made it possible to reveal the characteristics of the lifestyle of the first-year students of the Faculty of Medicine, identify significant predictors of an unhealthy lifestyle, and produce a social profile of a first-year student at the Faculty of Medicine. The results obtained by us can be used to adapt the curricula of the Medical Faculty for the formation of a healthy lifestyle among the students.
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Статья научная
Aim The aim hereof is a comprehensive study of the mental, adaptive and hormonal status in patients with lung cancer with varying prevalence of the malignant process. The obtained results are compared with data on the psychosomatic state and subclinical disorders in the thyroid system in patients with cardiovascular diseases.
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Статья научная
This article discusses the features of the use of regional anesthesia in the surgical correction of traumatic defects of the skull bones and reconstructive plastic surgery. Regional anesthesia is a safe and effective method of anesthesia, which reduces the risk of complications and speeds up the recovery process after surgery. The authors describe in detail various types of regional anesthesia, such as facial nerve blockade, blockage of the frontal branch of the trigeminal nerve, etc. The paper also discusses indications and contraindications to the use of regional anesthesia, as well as possible complications. In conclusion, it is noted that regional anesthesia is an important element in surgical practice during operations for the operative correction of traumatic defects of the skull bones and reconstructive plastic surgery. Keywords Regional anesthesia, Surgical correction, Traumatic defects of the skull bones, Reconstructive plastic surgery.
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Five decades of risk perception measurements of tobacco use: a review of literature
Статья научная
Perceptions of risk are beliefs about the likelihood of damage or loss. People make subjective judgments regarding the intensity and features of a danger. Smoking start and continuation are influenced by risk perception. Risk perception of tobacco use or smoking has always been controversial. Few studies found that risk perception is overestimated by smokers and tobacco users, while other studies found that smokers underestimate the risk of smoking. It has been observed that different authors have been using different approaches to measure the risk perception of tobacco use. The present literature review is an ontological exploration of the process of calculating this construct and determining which method gives more holistic and robust information. A literature survey was carried out to understand different ways in which risk perception can be measured. Fifty- seven studies were identified from 1970 to 2020 in which risk perception was calculated for any form of tobacco use. The literature review found that the researchers used two practical approaches to measure risk perception. In the first approach, the researchers tried to measure only the health risks of tobacco use, and in the second, multiple dimensions of tobacco use were measured. Most commonly perceived addiction and then the social risk of tobacco use was accessed. Though recent literature is dominated by an approach where a single dimension, i.e., perceived health risk of tobacco use, is most commonly access, it is inferring from the available literature that tools that access multiple sizes of the perceived risk of tobacco use give more comprehensive and robust information about that construct which can be used further to create tobacco use prevention intervention.
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Formation of the system of anti-stressor reactions as a non-specific basis for health and longevity
Ред. заметка
The proposed editorial article touches upon aspects of fundamental medicine associated with the discovery of systems of nonspecific adaptation reactions in the organism as a whole. It is shown that the key law of the organism's response to the actions of the external and internal environment consists in the dependence between the reaction quality and the quantity (measure, intensity) of an acting factor. Revealed is the historical sequence of events in the development of the general adaptation reaction theory, beginning with the creation of the theoretical basis of pathology, i.e. description of the adaptation syndrome of stress reaction by Hans Selye, up to the intimate-ly associated and logically continued studies and discovery of anti-stress- type reactions, namely, the reactions of training and activation, undertaken by Lyubov Garkavi, Maria Ukolova and Elena Kvakina. The characterization of archetypes of previously unknown, independent separate symptom complexes is given herein. The philosophy of adaptation discrete responses provided by the organism to different actions includes a higher stage of research pro-gress, when it would be possible to understand the unique natural ability of periodic repetition of the adaptation reactions tetrad in a very wide range of action intensities.
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Статья научная
Pleural effusion is a common occurrence in patients with latestage chronic kidney disease. In developing countries like Pakistan, many effusions remain undiagnosed after pleural fluid analysis and patients are empirically treated with anti-tubercular therapy.
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Статья научная
The article discusses innovative approaches and methods used in modern psychiatry to maintain the mental well-being of patients. The authors consider current approaches to the pre-vention of mental disorders and improvement of emotional well-being. The analysis of innovative methods and programs used in psychiatry for the prevention and maintenance of men-tal health is carried out. The effectiveness of these methods is considered based on the results of recent research as well as promising approaches to improving emotional state. The arti-cle focuses on the effectiveness of innovative approaches and evaluates progress in psychiatry and psychotherapy. As a result of the analysis of modern research the authors iden-tify key trends in use of technologies, software methods and therapeutic approaches to maintain mental health.
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Отчет
The present paper analyzes changes in coagulation system markers in 64 patients with malignant tumors of the GI in surgical treatment. Results obtained when using parameters of the expanded coagulogram and a new global hemostatic assessment test with the use of Thrombodynamics recorder T2 have been evaluated. Based on the findings, we have developed models for predicting postoperative venous thrombosis and compared different methods for the coagulation system examinations. The thrombodynamics test allows us to assess the state of thrombotic readiness in the postoperative period in 26.56% of patients with GI cancer upon the standard anticoagulant prevention. High levels of the thrombinemia markers and hypercoagulation at the fibrin clot growth rate have been detected after the surgery. Correlation between the plasma fibrinogen levels and the fibrin clot density has been observed. Therefore, the proposed highly sensitive global assessment test of the hemostatic system allows us to detect hypercoagulation and evaluate the efficacy of a preventive dose of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH)
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Отчет
The work is devoted to the study of the functional state of the cardiovascular system in female students with different academic success. From the results of our research, we can conclude that the average level of the maximum blood pressure and heart rate in female students with an improvement in academic performance significantly increase, and the minimum level thereof remains unchanged. Also, an increase in the average score in the record book is accompanied by a significant increase in PD, SBV, MBV and BCE, a decrease in TPR, while the values of MAP and CV do not change significantly.
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Functional state of the cardiovascular system in women during pregnancy
Статья научная
The article presents the results of studying the effect of pregnancy on the functional state of the cardiovascular system in women. Their evaluation indicates that during pregnancy there is a significant increase in heart rate, arterial blood pressure, systolic blood volume (SBV), minute blood volume (MBV), circulatory efficiency ratio (CER), a significant decrease in the total peripheral vascular resistance (TPVR), a significant fluctuation in both directions in the pulse pressure (PP), the average dynamic arterial pressure (ADAP) and the endurance factor (EF) in women. By the end of pregnancy, the heart rate increased to 89.1 beats per minute (P
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Functional state of the students’ cardiovascular system under the conditions of mountain hypoxia
Статья научная
The article presents the functional state of the cardiovascular system of students under conditions of high-altitude hypoxia. From the analysis of the results of our research, it can be argued that due to the fact that students live under conditions of a reduced oxygen content in the atmospheric air, there is a significant increase in the systolic output of their hearts. Thus, the systolic blood volume of students under the conditions of mountain hypoxia increases, reaching the maximum values of 63.4 ml (P
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Fundamentals of age-related and functional digital pulse diagnostics
Статья научная
The development of a matrix pulse wave (PW) analyzer became a reality thanks to the implementation of a 3-point PW sensor in 2017, when the test results of the mock-up sample were published. Later, a mobile medical device, which was given provisional name the Pranayama Gadget, was designed and developed by our research team. It is the first mobile medical device capable of tracing undistorted PW of the radial artery. Our article presents some algorithms for processing the PW signal, based on the authors long-term research in the field of measurement and analysis of the PW signals. In particular, a big role in the development of this discipline is played by the new spline base of PW reference patterns that forms the basis for the digital pulse diagnostics
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Статья
Genetically modified T cells expressing chimeric receptors (CAR-T) have become an important tool for the treatment of the CD19+ hematological tumors. Due to a single-chain variable fragment of the antibody as a part of the CAR receptor, the cells acquire their specificity against selected tumorassociated antigens. The 3rd generation CAR also includes transmembrane, co-stimulatory domains, and tyrosine activation motifs derived from CD3z. This design allows the T-cells to recognize antigens in an MHC-independent manner and provides activation and release of cytotoxic cytokines upon recognition of the target. There are several limitations to the effective use of the CAR-T cells for the treatment of solid tumors, among them tumor stroma suppressive activity, poor persistence, and migration of effectors in a tissue. The aim of our project is to improve the CAR-T cells targeting at GD2 and L1CAM neuroblastoma antigens by co-expression with membrane-anchored cytokines.
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Gallo-ellagi-tannins of chamaenerion angustifolium: antitumor activity
Статья
Currently, in Russia and abroad, there is a growing interest in the use of gallo-ellagi-tannins of fireweed (Chamerion angustifolium) as a source of antitumor and immunomodulating agents [1]. Fireweed (Chamerion angustifolium) is a popular tea; it is typical of the flora in many regions of Russia, and therefore studies on its chemical composition and biological activity are relevant. The aim of our research work was to study the possibility of isolating and using gallo-ellagi-tannins as adjuvant for immunization (obtaining a B-cell response) in an experiment in mice.
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Статья научная
Our study identified gas exchange and external respiration characteristics during hypoxia and hypercapnia exposure in young men of the Magadan Region. Materials and methods. A comprehensive survey in young men of military age, 18-21 yr., permanent residents of the Russia’s Northeast, was conducted. A hypoxic-&-hypercapnic respiration test with no CO2 absorption was used. Before and after respiration, using indirect calorimetry method, we analyzed gas composition in exhaled air, external respiration variables, body energy expenditure at rest, respiratory quotient, ventilation equivalents for oxygen and carbon dioxide (Carbonic gas analyzer, Medgraphics VO2000 gas meter). Statistical data processing was performed with Statistica 7.0 package. Results. Significant post-respiratory dynamics in most indicators of gas exchange and external respiration was found. In response to hypoxia and hypercapnia effects, an increase in the energy consumption at rest, in minute volume of body temperature and pressure saturation, in carbon dioxide emission and oxygen consumption per minute was observed with significantly decreased oxygen utilization factor. Conclusion. Effects of hypoxic-&-hypercapnic test can be seen as pronounced readjustments in analyzed variables: intensed metabolism at the test peak and that reduced below baseline in the recovery period. In this case, breathing patterns are readjusted with pronounced increase in pulmonary ventilation and higher values in breathing depth in comparison with the baseline value at each stage of the recovery period, up to its 3rd minute.
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Статья научная
Aims This paper treats general problems of metrology and indirect measurement methods in cardiology. It is aimed at an identification of error estimation criteria for indirect measurements of heart cycle phase durations. Materials and A comparative analysis of an ECG of the ascending aorta recorded with the methods use of the Hemodynamic Analyzer Cardiocode (HDA lead) versus conventional V3, V4, V5, V6 lead system ECGs is presented herein. Criteria for heart cycle phase boundaries are identified with graphic mathematical differentiation. Stroke volumes of blood SV calculated on the basis of the HDA phase duration measurements vs. echocardiography data are compared herein. Results The comparative data obtained in the study show an averaged difference at the level of 1%. An innovative noninvasive measuring technology originally developed by a Russian R & D team offers measuring stroke volume of blood SV with a high accuracy. Conclusion In practice, it is necessary to take into account some possible errors in measurements caused by hardware. Special attention should be paid to systematic errors.
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Статья научная
For the purpose of research of the cardiovascular system performance, various electromagnetic phenomena are widely considered. In particular, an ECG is treated as a result from the electrical activity by the myocardial cells. As to our research team, at the first stage of creating the cardiometric theory, we have focused on hemodynamics: our attention has been occupied in developing a fresh model of the human blood flow from the point of view of fluid mechanics [1]. Our mathematical concept of the cardiac cycle phase structure, which determines the cardiovascular system performance, has allowed achieving very good results in diagnostics. We have succeeded in making a number of scientific discoveries which have become the basis for a new science: cardiometry. But our experience has demanded to make further important steps in research, and we have concentrated our efforts on developing new methods of therapy to effectively solve the problems revealed by cardiometry.
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