Статьи журнала - Cardiometry
Все статьи: 571
Статья научная
Background: Myocardial perfusion imaging by single photon emission computed tomography (MPI-SPECT) is noninvasive test that can give an important information for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD), detect reversible ischemia, quantify defect sizes and help in clinical decisions of interventions as well as assessment of disease prognosis. Tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) emerged as a potential modality for assessing systolic and diastolic LV performance. Strain doppler echocardiography (SDE) is a new tool for measuring regional myocardial deformation excluding the effect of adjacent myocardial tissue. The development of Instantaneous wave-free Ratio (IFR) as a relatively new invasive method for physiological assessment of coronary lesions without the use of pharmacologic hyperemic agents is the golden standard test for assessment of intermediate coronary lesions and guiding the revascularization decision.
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Evaluation of general repolarization of cardiomyocites with biphasic pulses of different shapes
Статья научная
According to data provided by the European Resuscitation Council (ERC), 76% of sudden cardiac arrests should be attributed to ventricular fibrillation [1-3]. The main treatment of this disease is an immediate cardiopulmonary resuscitation, one of the components of which is a defibrillation of abnormal rhythms. The paper presents an analysis of advanced shapes of biphasic pulses, which have found a widespread application and have been clinically tested. The aim is to study the main parameters of the impact of different shapes of the existing pulses and their due consideration in a development of a defibrillator. An evaluation has been performed using defibrillators Fluke Impulse 7000DP and device Impulse 7010 designed to simulate different loads. Evaluated has been the shape of each of 7 biphasic pulses, the amplitude and exposure time of each of different signal phases. Upon results of the conducted analysis, some recommendations on cardiopulmonary resuscitation have been prepared; in particular, the necessity to maintain a constant current density of 14 -16 A, delivered for 4 -5 ms, is proposed. The maintenance of these parameters can be provided using the current stabilization technology (CST).
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Статья научная
Objective: This study evaluated the role of two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2D-STE) in evaluation of the LV systolic function in patients had CTO of LAD at 1 day as well as at 3 months after revascularization Methodology: This prospective observational study included 100 patients diagnosed by coronary angiography to have a chronic complete occlusion of the left anterior descending artery. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was performed. When the residual stenosis was less than 30% of the intraluminal diameter and thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) grade III flow was achieved without any major complications, the operation was considered a success. Using speckle tracking echocardiography was to measure global longitudinal strain and left ventricular functions. Follow up of patients was done at day 1 and 3 months later after PCI. Results: Global longitudinal strain (GLS) and wall motion score index (WMAI) difference at baseline and follow up shows a positive correlation with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) changes at baseline and follow up (p˂0.001). Mean baseline left ventricular end systolic volume (LVESV) was 58.22±11.65 and follow-up LVESV was 50.60±14.07 with statistical difference (p=0.047). Mean value of baseline GLS (-14.26±0.93) and follow-up GLS was (-15.66±0.92) (p˂0.001). Periprocedural com-plications were contrast induced nephropathy in 3 %, cardiac tamponade 1 % and Emergency re PCI 1 % Conclusion: Revascularization via PCI to CTO of LAD can improve LV function. These results of the study provide ev
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Evaluation of proprotein convertase subtilsin /kexin 9(PCSK9) in serum of men hypertensive patients
Статья научная
High blood pressure is considered a major factor for the development of heart disease and vascular disease in elderly people, due to higher tension in arteries leading to hypertension. PCSK9 is a proprotein convertase that increases circulating LDL levels by directing hepatic LDL receptors into lysosomes for degradation. The effects of PCSK9 on hepatic LDL receptors and contribution to atherosclerosis via the induction of hyperlipidemia are well defined.
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Evolution of the cardiac analyzer “Pulse” and the mobile medical devices
Статья научная
The basis of one of the areas in biomechanics, associated with the development of hemodynamics and fluid mechanics of the heart muscle, has been the use of new fiber-optic sensors, previously developed to solve some engineering problems. In particular, the original sensors of pressure and other physical quantities have been modified for the purpose of measuring cardiac mechanical signals, namely tones, noises and other vibration signals of the heart and pulse pressure waves in the circulatory system. The main idea of introducing such sensors into medicine is formulated as an attempt to enable a general practitioner or a cardiologist, as well as any expert, to quickly collect the necessary data both on the patient’s state of the cardiovascular system and the condition of the entire organism in general. In parallel with designing the sensors, secondary equipment and signal processing algorithms have been developed.
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Exercise testing to stratify risk in asymptomatic moderate and severe aortic stenosis
Тезисы
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Статья научная
Aims: The aim of this study was to assess the expansion capacity of current commercially available Drug Eluting Stents (DES) with nominal diameters of 3.5-4.0mm in patients with Left Main disease. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 50 Patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)for Left Main disease at Benha university hospitals and National Heart Institute. PCI was done with Drug Eluting Stents (DES) with large diameters of 3.5-4mm and post dilatation was done with non-compliant (NC) balloons with diameters of 4.5- 5mm. Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) was used to measure maximal stent diameter and area. Results: Three commercially available DESs were used in our study; XIENCE Xpeditionᵀᴹ, Ultimasterᵀᴹ and Onyxᵀᴹ. Maximal stent diameter was 4.5±0.3mm and diameter expansion index was 0.96±0.05. Maximal stent area was 14.67±2.06mm² and area expansion index was 0.86±0.07mm². On IVUS images, significantly more calcification< 90 ̊ was detected in the group with expansion index - 0.85 (68.4 percent versus 25.8%, P=0.003) compared to the group with expansion index - 0.85. We found that DESs with diameters of 3.5-4.0mm can be expanded up to diameter of 5.3mm after post-dilation. No complications were reported in the studied patients, including perforation or stent fracture. Conclusion: Current DESs with nominal diameters of 3.5-4.0mm can be safely and effectively over-expanded to reach the predicted diameters in the left main, but the presence of calcification -90 may affect the achievement of the predicted area.
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Extracellular matrix of experimental hepatocarcinoma G-29 under the influence of lithium carbonate
Статья
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most aggressive human tumors with a high mortality rate. Despite the fact that the incidence rate of this sort of tumors is high, the mechanisms of its pathogenesis and metastasis are not fully understood, and the existing therapy is often unsuccessful. There is evidence in the reference literature available that in patients with HCC, alterations occur in the microenvironment of the tumor tissue, including the extracellular matrix (ECM) that stimulates the growth and metastasis of the HCC cells. Therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate the state of the tumor ECM during the spontaneous tumor development and with lithium carbonate introduction.
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Статья научная
The Healthcare sector has been emerging on the platform of data science. And data scientists are often using machine learning techniques based on historical data to create models, make predictions or recommendations. This paper aims to provide background and information for the community on the benefits and variants of Federated Learning (F.L.) with other technologies for medical applications and highlight key considerations and challenges of F.L. implementation in the digital health background. With this FMaaS, we envisage a future for digital federated health. We hope to empower and raise awareness about the environment and fog computing to provide a more secure and better-analyzing environment. The AutoML framework is used to generate and optimize machine learning models using automatic engineering tools, model selection, and hyperparameter optimization on fog nodes. Thus, making the system more reliable and secure for each individual by preserving privacy at their end devices. And this will lead to a personalized recommendation system for each individual associated with this framework by deploying the Model to their devices for on-device inferences through the concept of differential private Model averaging. With this framework, users don’t have to compromise with privacy, and all their sensitive data will be secure on their end devices.
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Factor analysis as a basis for mathematical modeling in living systems
Статья научная
Factor analysis, as the basis of mathematical modeling of living systems, is based on the interdependence of individual characteristics that form the specifics of a particular property, quality. The study is based on the method of factor analysis, which allows us to speed up the assessment of producers of Kalmyk and Hereford cattle breeds by the quality of their offspring. The studies were conducted on a large sample of data, including various evaluation parameters of 96 breeding bulls and 272 sons. Indicators have been developed for one feature, which is quite suitable for the preliminary selection of steers in breeding and commodity farms engaged in the breeding of beef cattle. For the final assessment, we have compiled new indicators as follows: two indicators - live weight at 8 and 15 months, live weight at 15 months and average daily increase from 8 to 15 months; three characteristics - live weight at 8, 15 months and average daily increase. These indicators are objective and easily measurable over a relatively short period of time. According to the estimates obtained for individual sons, it is possible to determine the evaluation of breeding bulls by the quality of offspring by summing the values of the new factors.
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Отчет
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia is a rare entity and a significant cause of sudden death especially in the Italian population and athletes. The familial form is uncommon especially in the Afro-Caribbean population. This Index family represents an Autosomal Dominant form in a maternal parent who had sudden death at 39 years of age. The Index case was diagnosed at 18 years with increasing palpitations since 8 years of age, becoming symptomatic two decades younger than her mother. This was confirmed using the Treadmill Stress test. This is the 1st Case of Familial Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia documented in an Afro-Caribbean family. Learning objective Familial Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia is a rare entity and a significant cause of sudden death especially in the Italian population and athletes. This the first case of Autosomal Dominant type of ARVD with variable penetrance, documented in an Afro-Caribbean family where diagnosis was aided by Ventricular Tachycardia occurring during a Treadmill Stress Test.
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Features of biochemical homeostasis in rats with anti-tumor effect produced by iron nanoparticles
Статья
Overloading a tumor with iron (Fe) is a promising strategy for cancer therapy. A number of papers have demonstrated a self-dependent anti-tumor effect of Fe nanoparticles (NPs) in vivo. However, an excessive amount of this trace metal can produce a negative effect on the organism. The aim of our study was to evaluate the metabolic changes in the rats with lymphosarcoma when exposed to FeNPs with anti-tumor activity.
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Статья научная
The aim of our research work was to study changes in the level of hormones of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland in mice of both sexes in different variants of the B16/F10 melanoma growth. BALB/c Nude mice (n=84) of both sexes were divided into groups as follows: intact males and females (n=14); a reference group of mice of both sexes with standard subcutaneous B16/F10 melanoma inoculation (n=14); the main group of mice (n=14) where B16/F10 melanoma and Lewis carcinoma were inoculated into the mice sequentially subcutaneously on two sides: one on the left side, the other on the right side. At the terminal stage of the tumor growth, with ELISA using standard kits in 1% hypothalamic tissue homogenates we determined contents of releasing hormones as follows: corticotropic hormone (CRH), thyrotropic hormone (TRH), gonadotropic hormone (GnRH), somatotropic hormone (STH-R); in the pituitary with RIA determined were TSH, LH, FSH and ACTH (Immunotech, Czech Republic). Results. In males and females of both groups, the level of TRH in the hypothalamus decreased by 9-3.7 times, and only in females of the main group, the level of TSH in the pituitary gland increased by 2.8 times. Other releasing peptides in the hypothalamus of females increased by 1.9-6 times, while in males they decreased by 1.4-7 times. In the pituitary gland in males of both groups, the level of LH increased by 1.3-1.4 times and ACTH by 2.5-4 times, but FSH decreased by 7.8-13.6 times. In females, the level of FSH and ACTH in the pituitary gland decreased by 1.5 times - 1.8 times (р˂0.05), only in the main group the content of TSH increased by 2.8 times and only in the reference group LH by 1.6 times (р˂0.05). Conclusion. With the development of B16/F10 melanoma, there was a sex-dependent dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary tract. Changes in the concentrations of GnRH, CRH, and STH-R in the hypothalamus in different directions in males and females indicate different mechanisms of hormonal imbalance in response to the growth of a malignant tumor.
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Features of expression of transforming growth factor beta in estrogen-positive breast cancer
Статья
Changes in the activity of growth factors and their receptors play a key role in shaping the response to treatment with anticancer hormonal drugs. The aim of this work was to study the relationship between the TGFβ1 and TGFβR1 expression and the progression of breast cancer (BC) during tamoxifen therapy.
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Статья
It is well known that extraordinary stress or chronic exposure to stressors is characterized by adverse immunological consequences due to stress-induced immunosuppression. It has been established that stress causes an increased incidence of malignant tumors and also worsens the prognosis in patients with already existing tumors. Among the mechanisms of carcinogenesis under stress, there is an increase in the level of cortisol, which has a significant inhibitory effect on the immune system and the secretion of pro-inflammatory interleukins. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) involves inactivation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and decreased secretion of cortisol in humans, or corticosterone in rats and mice. However, the question of whether PTSD is a risk factor for the development of cancer or tumor growth remains practically undeveloped.
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Статья научная
The aim is to study the features of life and the incidence rate of anxiety and depressive disorders among medical faculty students studying remotely during the epidemic of a new coronavirus infection (Covid 19) at the Kabardino-Balkarian State University named after H.M. Berbekov. Materials and methods. We examined 335 students (34% males, 66% females) at the Faculty of Medicine in November-December 2020. The average age of the students examined was 20.3±2.3 years. The study included an anonymous mail survey to examine educational conditions, lifestyle, levels of anxiety and depression. Results. 43.8% of the students had insufficient sleep duration, 58.5% had low physical activity, in 24.8% of them we recorded high levels of situational anxiety and in 82.1% of them personal anxiety, in 7.1% of the students we recorded clinically expressed anxiety and 1.8% had clinically expressed depression. During the transition to remote learning, students increased the time use to prepare for classes (51.2%) and the duration of sleep (61.5%), while their physical activity decreased (76.5%). Statistically significant linear correlations were identified between the level of anxiety and depression and the duration of sleep, low physical activity, preparation time for classes, academic performance, and academic debt. Conclusions. The results obtained by us can be used to optimize the educational process, as well as to preserve the mental health of students during the transition to distance learning.
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Статья научная
The present study is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between neuropsychiatric disorders and ophthalmological pathologies. The paper provides an overview of the latest scientific data on this problem, with an emphasis on the pathophysiological mechanisms linking both groups of diseases. The mechanisms of the influence of psychological factors, such as stress and anxiety, on the state of the visual system, as well as the influence of changes in neurochemistry and neuroplasticity on the development of ophthalmic diseases are considered. The clinical manifestations of ophthalmological pathologies in patients with various neuropsychiatric disorders, including depression, anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, etc., are analyzed in detail. The results of clinical observations and studies confirming the importance of this relationship are presented. In addition, the article highlights modern methods of diagnosis and treatment of ophthalmological manifestations in patients with neuropsychiatric disorders. Psychotherapeutic approaches and rehabilitation methods are considered, taking into account the specifics of the patient’s condition.
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Features of perioperative management of pediatric patients with congenital heart defects
Статья научная
The paper analyzes the features of perioperative management of pediatric patients with congenital heart defects. The authors note that the perioperative period is the period starting from the moment of the beginning of the operation and ending with the moment of transfer of the patient to the ward after the operation. This period is very important for the recovery of children after surgery for a heart defect. In the perioperative period, indicators such as blood pressure, pulse, oxygen saturation, respiratory rate and other indicators are monitored to make sure that the patient is in a stable condition and there are no complications. In the perioperative period, measures are taken to prevent complications such as infections, bleeding, thrombosis, etc. Doctors also monitor the balanced administration of fluids and electrolytes to maintain the stability of the patient, and try to minimize the time of surgery to reduce stress for the patient and reduce the risk of complications. During the period under review, procedures are also carried out to support the postoperative period, such as the administration of medications and infusion solutions, maintaining body temperature and other procedures. In general, the perioperative period is of critical importance for the recovery of children after surgery for a heart defect. Proper monitoring of health indicators, prevention of complications, proper anesthesia and other procedures help children recover faster after surgery and reduce the risk of complications.
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Features of pregnancy management and prevention of complications in patients with SLE
Статья научная
The article discusses the features of pregnancy management and prevention of complications in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. The authors note that pregnancy outcomes in patients with SLE are improving due to medical advances; however, pregnancy caused by lupus is still associated with a large number of maternal and fetal complications compared to healthy women. The frequency of exacerbations of lupus during pregnancy is high, and with SLE, the frequency of fetal loss, premature birth and the birth of newborns with a body weight deficit increases. Early prediction of possible complications is necessary to improve maternal and neonatal outcomes. The authors determined that in most cases, bearing children by women with a history of SLE brings favorable results. Consul-tations during the prenatal period, adequate interdisciplinary supervision and optimal processing of fundamental procedures allow us to achieve good results.
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