Original research. Рубрика в журнале - Cardiometry
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This article presents some results of processing of phonocardiography signals (PCG signals) for cardiac cycle tone identification under ambient noise of varying intensity. For PCG signal processing, proposed is a refined approach based on active band pass filter bank, which allows improving an accuracy of cardiac cycle tone identification under ambient noise. The efficiency of the application of the proposed approach has been demonstrated by the respective qualitative, quantitative results and experimental data obtained upon processing of PCG signals according the offered technique. A 3D model of the cardiac cycle tone identification system has been developed based on this conceptual idea.
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The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) makes the body’s response to various stress factors, interacting with the thyroid and gonadal axis. The aim of our work was to study the effect by induced hypothyroidism on changes in the functioning of the HPA axis in rats with Guerin’s carcinoma of both sexes. Materials and methods. The experiment was performed in white outbred rats of both sexes. Hypothyroidism was induced in animals by medication for 30 days with Mercazolil, and then Guerin’s carcinoma was transplanted (the main group). The reference groups covered animals with the independent growth of Guerin’s carcinoma and with independent hypothyroidism, as well as intact animals (the normal conditions). On day 18 of the tumor growth, the animals were sacrificed, and, using standard ELISA kits, in the serum and the homogenates of the adrenal glands, the tumor and the perifocal zone, the level of cortisol was determined; in the homogenates of the hypothalamus we measured the concentration of CT-releasing hormone (CRH) and in the pituitary gland the concentration of ACTH. Results. Induced hypothyroidism both in males and females caused adrenal insufficiency. The growth of Guerin’s carcinoma increased the level of CT-releasing hormone in males by 9.6 times and cortisol in the adrenal glands in females and males by 1.3 times and 2.3 times (p function show_abstract() { $('#abstract1').hide(); $('#abstract2').show(); $('#abstract_expand').hide(); }
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The article presents the results of the study of the nutritional, biological value and the chemical composition of the Nile tilapia fish, grown in the natural hot spring of Chondzhy, using different formulations of grower feed. Also, the chemical composition and nutritional value of the sharptooth catfish were investigated for comparative analysis. Nutritional value was characterized by the content of water, nitrogenous matter, lipids, minerals, carbohydrates and vitamins. It was found that this feed additive is completely harmless, does not have negative consequences.
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Chronic gastritis in pediatrics
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Chronic gastritis is one of the most common diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. High rates of gastritis in children are associated with poor nutrition, physical inactivity, drug abuse, bad habits, a number of concomitant diseases, immune disorders, allergization of the body, and stress. Although a significant proportion in the structure of chronic gastritis is occupied by gastritis associated with Helicobacter pylori infection, many clinical forms are diagnosed that are not associated with the presence of a microbial pathogen in the gastric mucosa. The goal is to highlight the problem of chronic gastritis in children, including risk factors, etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment.
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Our aim is to study special features of actions and effects of chronic neurogenic pain on concentrations of biogenic amines in the brain in tumor-bearing urokinase knockout mice (uPA). Materials and methods Our research work has been conducted in female/male mice line C57BL/6 (uPA+/+) n=48 and line C57BL/6-Plautm1.1Bug-ThisPlauGFDhu/GFDhu (uPA) -/-) n = 48 with targeted mutation of protein incapable of binding to receptor of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator, i.e. in the urokinase knockout (uPA) mice. The animals of each line have been divided into subgroups (n= 6) as follows: the intact animals, the chronic neurogenic pain mice (CNP), the mice with the growth of inoculated melanoma (B16/F10) and the mice with combination melanoma growth plus chronic neurogenic pain (B16/F10 + CNP). In 10% of the brain homogenates, with the use of standard analysis system method ELISA (Cusabio. China), we have determined concentrations of adrenaline (A), noradrenaline (NA), dopamine (DA), histamine, serotonin (5HT) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA). Obtained statistic data have been processed using the Statistica 10.0 package. Results The concentration of biogenic amines in the brain in the intact uPA-/- mice has been found to be higher than in the intact uPA+/+ animals, and the response to the growth of inoculatedmelanoma B16/F10 and CNP under single-factor action and combined-action variants depends both on the sex and the condition of the urokinase gene. In the uPA-/- female/male mice in response to the only CNP and the only B16/F10 growth the serotonergic system in the brain has been activated. In contrast thereto, in case of the melanoma growth against the CNP background, we have revealed a decrease in the level of 5HT, DA in the female/male mice and NA in the female animals. Conclusion One of the factors resulting in cancellation of the genetically determined inhibition of the growth of inoculated melanoma B16/F10 under its combination with developing CNP in the uPA-/- mice is suppression of their noradrenergic, serotonergic and dopaminergic systems, initially activated in the intact uPA-/- animals to compensate their urokinase deficit.
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The article is devoted to the most pressing issues of studying the clinical and epidemiological features concerning the detection and course of tuberculosis infection in patients with concomitant pathologies. Such pathologies include cancer, diseases of the endocrine system, of the respiratory system (chronic bronchitis, pneumoconiosis), gastric ulcer, pathology of the urinary system, exhaustion due to insufficient nutrition, smoking. Using genetically engineered biological drugs (GEBPs) in practice reduces the activity of inflammatory phenomena due to suppression of the immune response, but increases the risk of developing infectious diseases, primarily tuberculosis. Immunosuppressive therapy in organ transplant patients is also associated with the risk of developing tuberculosis. A special nature of immune disorders develops during HIV infection, a comorbid disease in patients with tuberculosis. The diseases listed above create a medical risk group in patients with immunocompromise, which is the basis for the development of tuberculosis. In addition to the risk of developing infection, patients with concomitant diseases have unfavorable results from treatment tuberculosis, which does not allow achieving abacillation in a short time, thereby maintaining a reservoir of infection in society. In this regard, the purpose of our research was to study the clinical and epidemiological features of the detection and course of tuberculosis infection in patients with concomitant pathology A study was conducted using a continuous sampling method for the period from December 2020 to August 2021. 67 medical records of an inpatient at the state budgetary healthcare institution “Republican Clinical Anti-TB Dispensary” (Ufa) were analyzed. The groups were formed based on the detection of concomitant pathology (main, n=33) and its absence (control, n=34). To achieve the goal of the study, a comparative analysis of methods for detecting tuberculosis and clinical manifestations of tuberculosis was performed; prevalence of the process, detection of the fact of bacterial excretion and drug sensitivity from December 2020 to August 2021. 67 case histories of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT) in patients of the studied groups were analyzed. Statistical data processing was performed using licensed software Statistica 6.0 when calculating two types of data: discrete and interval. To assess the chances of detecting the studied factor in both groups, the indicator (OR) was used to calculate the 95% confidence interval (CI). Interval indicators were studied by t-test for independent samples, with Livigne’s correction
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Camel milk is a natural product that has dietic and medicinal properties. Camel milk is widely used in the field of non-conventional medicine. It is scientifically proven that camel milk has the ability to help in the medical treatment of cancer and leukemia, due to the presence of substances that eliminate out of the body the compounds that provoke the development of cancer. In addition, such milk is used during the treatment of tuberculosis, ulcers and some other problems with the gastrointestinal tract. This product is recommended to use for problems with the pancreas, liver and intestines, as well as diabetes mellitus. The goal of research was to study the clinical parameters of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The study group consisted of 15 patients with medium severity. The patients took freeze-dried shubat (camel milk) for 60 days. As a result of the treatment, an improvement in clinical symptomatology and laboratory parameters was achieved in all patients with diabetes mellitus. The results of the study showed the therapeutic and dietary potential of camel milk, due to its unique quality composition.
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Cognitive and ethical reasons for the dissident movement in epidemiology
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The article discusses several fundamental reasons for the emergence of such a significant phenomenon as the anti-vaccination movement. An attempt is made to classify the causes thereof. The theory of the phases of the vaccination cycle by Robert Chen is presented herein. A concept of cognitive simplicity and design of illusory patterns to strengthen psychological control over a stressful situation was developed by the Moscow anthropologist Alexandra Arkhipova. The decision to refuse vaccination is often accompanied by an inability to properly rank associated risks and distrust of science. The level of distrust by citizens in the government and healthcare system activity, and, conversely, excessive trust in some populist personalities, is also an important reason for the dissent in epidemiology. This article provides numerous examples from the history of smallpox, cholera and coronavirus epidemics. In conclusion, the article considers the problem of the trust and mutual responsibility in a society.
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Coincidence of renal artery stenosis and coronary artery stenosis
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Aims The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of renal artery stenosis in patients with severe coronary artery disease or stenosis of the left main coronary artery. Materials and methods This cross-sectional study was performed on 264 patients with a history of severe hypertension who were candidates for coronary artery angiography in Yazd Afshar Hospital. During coronary angiography, renal angiography was performed on all of the patients. At the same time, we investigated the renal artery stenosis and its association with a history of diabetes mellitus, high body mass index (BMI), hyperlipidemia, and other cardiovascular risk factors. Renal artery stenosis was defined based on luminal narrowing: mild (50%), moderate (75%), and severe (75%) decrease in luminal diameter. Collected data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 18.0). Results Among 264 patients, 54.92% were males and 45.08 % were females with the average age of 58.0±8.6. 83.71% of the patients had coronary artery disease and included 52.94% hyperglycemic, 63.39% diabetic, and 29.86% smokers...
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This paper presents some results of a comparative analysis of characteristics of electrodes to estimate the accuracy of recording long-term ECG signal parameters. To obtain the characteristics of the analyzed electrodes of various types, the resistance values of the contact conductive substance of each of them were measured. The relationship of the measured characteristics of the electrodes is analyzed, and the accuracy of recording ECG signal parameters, using the basics of statistical decisions, is estimated. The analysis results show that the harder the contact conductive substance of the electrodes, the more accurately recorded ECG signal parameters.
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Background: Skull base ENT (Ear, Nose, and Throat) pathologies present a diagnostic challenge due to their intricate location. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Computed Tomography (CT) scans are commonly used diagnostic tools for detecting these pathologies. This study aims to associate the diagnostic exactness of MRI and CT scans in detecting skull base ENT pathologies.
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Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of death worldwide. Intravascular imaging is an important tool in the arsenal of each interventional cardiologist. While angiography provides a two-dimensional image of a three-dimensional structure, intravascular imaging enhances understanding by providing detailed cross-sectional images. This study aimed to investigate the discrepancies in coronary vessel sizing between quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) and intravascular ultrasound. Methods: This cohort study was conducted on 69 patients who were referred for elective coronary angiography. Patients were subjected to history taking, examination, blood samples, electrocardiogram (E.C.G.), and echocardiography. Then, a comparison of each vessel’s luminal diameter by QCA and IVUS was done. Results: The study included 69 patients; The mean age was 54.7 ± 9.7. There was a statistically significant difference between the studied vessels regarding the discrepancy between luminal diameters measured by IVUS and QCA. IVUS luminal diameter was larger than QCA luminal diameter (the median difference in measures of QCA and IVUS in the left main artery, LAD, LCX, and RCA were -0.8, -0.55, -0.4, and -0.5 respectively). Furthermore, there is a statistically significant difference between the studied vessels regarding the presence of a difference >0.75 mm between the luminal diameters measured by IVUS and QCA (Difference >0.75 mm in the left main artery, LAD, left circumflex and RCA were 55.8%, 21.7%, 30.8%, and 15.4% respectively). Conclusion: Coronary lesions were underestimated by QCA in comparison to IVUS regarding luminal diameter, especially the left main (LM).
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ated single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) allows for the assessment of myocardial left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular volumes. There is conflicting data regarding the difference between automated and manual processing of gated myocardial SPECT images. The purpose of this retrospective “cross-sectional study is to compare the degree of variability between automated and manual processing of Quantitative Gated SPECT algorithms for assessing left ventricular volumes and ejection percent”. Study was carried out in the Nuclear Medicine department “at the Security Forces Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and comprised of 96 participants who “underwent” both stress and “rest gated” myocardial perfusion “imaging” (MPI) from February to May 2021. Data were analyzed “using SPSS for Windows (version 22; IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). The mean of EF, ESV, and EDV on stress test using the automatic technique were 62.46 ± 14.62%, 45.00 ± 37.10 ml, and 107.01 ± 43.70 ml, respectively while using the manual technique were 57.21±14.80%, 44.35±35.93 ml, and 93.26±39.14 ml, respectively. The mean of EF, ESV, and EDV on rest test using the automatic technique were 62.85± 15.47%, 43.44± 36.35 ml, and 104.27±42.51 ml, respectively while using the manual technique were 57.74±15.33%, 43.30±36.42 ml, and 91.72±41.50 ml, respectively. For LVEF and EDV, the difference between automated and manual techniques is statistically significant (p0.05). Discrepancies were observed that exist by using the fully automated and manual technique for determining LVEF and Left ventricular volumes by gated MPI.
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Unilateral ovariectomy (UOE) of female rats caused an increase in duration of the non-reproductive period (NRP) - metestrus and diestrus phases, and shortening of the reproductive period (RP) - proestrus and estrus phases of the estrous cycle (a symptom of hormonal deficiency). Signs of stress persisted 5 weeks after UOE: reduction of the ratio of thymus weight to the weight of adrenal glands (T/A). A two-week course of the succinate-containing composition with added B vitamins (SCCV) administered to the control female rats and those upon UOE has increased the T/A ratio as compared to that of intact animals, which is an indication of “activation” according to Garkavi et al. [1] and restored the NRP/RP ratio. Cytobiochemical analysis found a significant increase in nitroblue tetrazolium reduction during succinate oxidation in lymphocytes according to reading of animal blood smears.
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Aims. This paper describes a novel approach to the analysis of electrocardiographic data based on the consideration of the repetitive P, Q, R, S, T sequences as cyclic codes. In Part I we introduce a principle similar to the syndrome decoding using the control numbers, which allows correcting the noise combinations. Materials and methods. We propose to apply the burst-error-correcting algorithms for automatic detection of the ECG artifacts and the functional abnormalities, including those compared to the reference model. Our approach is compared to the symbolic dynamics methods. During the automated search of the code components (i.e. point values and spectral ranges one-to-one corresponding to P, Q, R, S, T) considered in Part II, the authors apply the Lomb-Scargle periodogram method with the phase control which allows to determine the code components not only from the main harmonics, but also using the sidebands, avoiding the phase errors. Results. The results of the method testing on rats with the heart failure using a simplified telemetric recording from the implantable chips are given in Part III...
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Acute myocardial infarction causes a great number of mortality and morbidity each year. Risk assessment and prognosis is one of the initial steps in approaching a patient with acute myocardial infarction. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and red cell distribution width to platelet ratio (RPR) are two indices that have been studied recently and their prognostic and risk assessment role is reported in various studies. In this study we aimed to investigate the relationship between NLR and RPR with ST segment resolution (STR) in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Materials and methods This is a cohort study with 2 months of follow up and a total of 211 patients with acute myocardial infarction were enrolled in the study. An electrocardiogram and venous blood sample was taken from all included patient and the results were recorded in a questionnaire. All patients underwent primary coronary intervention and another electrocardiogram was retrieved within 90 minute after primary angioplasty. Data was analyzed using SPSS 16. Results Our results showed that the mean age of participants was 61.15±12.68 years. Among 211 patients, 181 (85.8%) were male and 30 (14.2%) were female. The mean RPR, NLR and SRT in the studied patients was 1.01±0.21, 4.07±3.31 and 0.418±0.32 respectively. There was a significant correlation between NLR and RPR with STR along with two month complications in studied patients. Conclusion According to our results, NLR and RPR can be used for risk assessment and prognosis and short term complications of myocardial infarction in patients undergoing primary coronary intervention.
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Counselling to promote self-esteem -pilot analysis
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Alcohol is not able to control the drinking habit due to both physical and emotional dependence on alcohol. Counseling aims to address the underlying causes of alcoholism. Alcohol is classified as a ‘brain disease’. Counseling services are therefore an important factor in recovering from addiction and promoting self-esteem. Self-esteemis a reflection of human understanding and a sense of human worth. Counseling is a method that helps to use a problem-solving process to promote self-esteem. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of counseling, promote self-esteem, and link self-esteem with demographic variability. Post-counseling study methodology after counseling, in the Study group, 8.33% of alcohol dependents had a low score, 50% alcohol dependence had a moderate level of the score and 41.67% was a high score. Among the control group, 41.67% of alcohol dependents had a low score, 58.33% received a moderate level and none of them achieved a high score. Therefore, counseling provides professional support, advice, and recommended addiction services.
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Depression: a predictor of coronary heart disease in Saudi Arabia
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Aims and Objectives: This research study mainly deals to evaluate the effect of depression in coronary heart disease patients. Background: Depression is one of the common comorbidity among patients presented with acute coronary syndrome or those with major cardiovascular event. Depression has been independently associated or lead to acute cardiac events in patients. Method: The study was conducted from three months followed-up patients with recent diagnosed coronary heart disease and they getting treatment from cardiac centres “Armed Forces Hospitals. Depression was evaluated by using 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale and the cardiac outcome was assessed clinically by echo parameters and cardiac biomarkers such as C-reactive Protein. The data were analysis by SPSS version 23. Results: In this study 83 patients were part of this research. The patients had been picked up from range 18-65 year in which mostly patients were male (75%) than female (25%). Among 83 coronary heart disease patients 29.5% were suffering from depression while 19.5% were on severity. The deterioration factor was significantly influence by depression and smoking. Conclusion: Depression has a great impact on deterioration of the cardiac outcomes. It can serve as a predictive variable for future cardiological morbidity and mortality.
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At present, there are some scattered evidence data pertaining to the use of an adaptive technique of radiotherapy in treatment of malignant glial tumors of the brain. Our evidence data obtained in MRI in the course of treatment show that the initial treatment plan may become irrelevant due to some changes observed in the tumor configuration. In its turn, it bears witness to the topicality of developing and introducing adaptive methods and techniques in the brain tumor treatment, which are capable to increase efficacy and tolerability in patients with primary malignant tumors of the brain. Aim. Our aim has been to develop an adaptive stereotactic method of radiotherapy in treatment of primary malignant brain tumors, which shall be capable to increase efficacy and tolerability of radiation therapy as well as reduce radiation dose to normal structures in the brain. Materials and methods. Our method has been elaborated with recruiting a group of 10 patients diagnosed with primary glioblastoma G IV, which have received specialized treatment at the National Medical Research Centre for Oncology at the Ministry of Health, the Russian Federation, in the period 2021-2022. The average age of the above patients is 43,4 years. All patients have undergone microsurgery covering the total resection of the tumor (3 patients) and subtotal removal of the malignant tumor (7 patients). The average time interval between the surgery and radiotherapy is 32,5 days. Before treatment, an intravenous contrast enhancement MRI of the brain with an axial pitch of 1 mm has been conducted employing the contrast T1, contrast-free T1 and T2 FLAIR modes. Planning of radiotherapy for this sort of patients has been carried out employing BrainLab Elements и Varian Medical Systems Eclipse. The CTV was defined as a 2,0 cm margin around GTV with an anatomical correction. The CTV-to-PTV margin was 0,1 cm. Doses have been administered as follows: a single dose of 2 Gy up to a total dose of 60 Gy in 30 fractions. The brain has been MRI-scanned in all patients with the use of intravenously introduced contrast agents with an axial pitch of 1 mm employing enhanced contrast/contrast-free T1 sequences and T2 FLAIR to redefine the radiotherapy targets (GTV, CTV, PTV). At fraction 30 we have completed MRI in order to estimate the treatment outcome. In the average, the radiotherapy course has taken 42-45 days, holidays included. For the purpose of the radiation therapy, used have been the Novalis Tx Varian Tx linear accelerator of kinetic energy of the beam of 6 MeV. Results We have developed our own adaptive stereotactic method of radiotherapy to treat the primary malignant glial tumors in the brain, which is capable of tracing the configuration of the post-surgery cavity, the residual tumor and the brain structures in the course of radiotherapy and adapting the therapy plan thereto that makes possible to reduce tissue volumes exposed to radiation due to a decrease in the tumoral and peritumoral volumes of the tumor and post-operative cavity. Conclusion. Our analysis has shown that in the course of radiotherapy some anatomical changes in the tumor configuration are found. An adaptive approach applied to radiation therapy allows monitoring the above changing volumes and correcting the treatment plan.
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Development of an experimental model of tumor growth under hypothyroidism
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Aim. Our aim has been to develop an experimental model of the tumor growth against the background of hypothyroidism in rats of both genders in order to study possible influence made by hypothyroidism on progression of malignant tumors of various histological types. Materials and methods. In our studies we have used 100 outbred albino rats of both genders, with an individual body mass of 150-180 g. The female rats (n=30) and the male rats (n=30) have received Mercazolil at a day dosage of 2,5 mg/100g of the body weight for 30 days. After hypothyroidism in the treated rodents had been confirmed, one group of them (15 females and 15 males) were subcutaneously inoculated with the Guerin's carcinoma cells, and another group (covering other 15 females and other 15 males) has been undergone to transplantation of the Sarcoma 45 cells. The reference group has included the rats of both genders with subcutaneously inoculated the Guerin's carcinoma cells (n=10 females and n=10 males) and Sarcoma 45 cells (n=10 females and n=10 males), but without reproduction of the hypothyroidism model. Upon expiration of one month, within the 3 day period, we have estimated with a radioisotope analysis (RIA) standard assay kits (Immunotech, Czekh Republic) the levels of the thyroid hormones in blood of the tested animals as follows: Triiodothyronine (T3) (pM/L), total Thyroxine (T4) (pM/L) and Thyroid-Stimulating Hormon (TSH) (μU/mL). The obtained data have been processed with Statistica 10.0. Results. Upon the treatment with Mercazolil, we have found in the females a decrease by a factor of 7,3 in the total level of Thyroxine and an increase by a factor 1,6 in the TSH level (p function show_abstract() { $('#abstract1').hide(); $('#abstract2').show(); $('#abstract_expand').hide(); }
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