Original research. Рубрика в журнале - Cardiometry
Nature and structure of thoracoabdominal injuries
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This article presents the incidence, nature and structure of thoracoabdominal injuries in two major districts of the Andijan region. The results of diagnostics, tactics of treatment, and also an estimation of severity of a condition of patients with thoracoabdominal traumas are resulted. An analysis of mortality is presented.
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Neurogenic hyperprolactinemia is a rather rare clinical form of hyperprolactinemia, therefore, this pathology may escape the attention of clinicians. At the same time, a high level of prolactin in blood can result in severe metabolic disorders, infertility, decreased bone tissue density, obesity, increased insulin resistance, and poor lipid metabolism. If the disease is not diagnosed in time, it will lead not only to the significantly decreased health and life quality level, but can also contribute to the increased risk of breast cancer formation. The main reason for the development of neurogenic hyperprolactinemia can be various pathological processes in chest, spinal cord and mammary glands. The neurogenic mechanism is triggered by the activation of afferent impulses going to the posterior sections of the spinal cord. The main diagnostic tactics is the exclusion of the most common causes of hyperprolactinemia, identification of the pathological process in the thoracic region, and detection of high prolactin level in the blood serum. Taking the pathogenetic mechanism into account, the treatment of neurogenic hyperprolactinemia consists in eliminating the pathological focus and prescribing dopamine agonists. The purpose of this article is to define the main clinical features associated with the diagnosis and treatment of neurogenic hyperprolactinemia.
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Aim The aim of this paper is to discover some advantages and benefits of the complex treatment of patients with malignant gliomas of the brain with the use of electromagnetic field therapy. Materials and methods Our examination focused on patients suffering from malignant gliomas of the brain. One cohort of them (the reference group covering 30 patients) received surgery and chemoradiotherapy (CHRT) without electromagnetic field exposure of the brain, while the other group (the main test group which included 30 individuals) was subjected to the same therapy, but accompanied by the electromagnetic field treatment of the brain. Varying and permanent magnetic field exposure sessions were carried out from day 1 till day 20 in the context of the complex therapy. All in all, every patient received 4 courses of the systemic chemotherapy, with an interruption of 4 weeks, in combination with exposures to electromagnetic field applied to the brain area. An assessment of efficacy of the adjuvant chemoradiotherapy was performed upon expiration of 12-14 days from the date of the last injection of chemotherapy drugs according to applicable WHO recommendations for standardizing in assessment of treatment outcomes...
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Aims Problems of validation and verification are very critical in medicine. The absence of adequate models describing biophysical processes in the organism leads to using only practical evidence for these purposes that hinders innovations. But advances in medicine require new effective ways to solve these problems. Cardiometry as a new field in cardiology offers a new philosophy of validation and verification based on the classical proof theory borrowed from natural sciences. The aim hereof is to provide a new methodology for validation and verification for cardiovascular diagnostics. Materials and methods Axiomatic concepts based on new laws and rules allow applying direct and indirect methods of proof for validation and verification in medicine. Results The formulated laws of cardiometry provide reliable tools for verification of the correspondence between the cardiac signals and the real biophysical processes in the cardiovascular system. Conclusion The proposed methodology for verification of the correspondence between the ECG shapes and the relevant biophysical processes has been successfully developed exclusively as a result of creation of the comprehensive theory of cardiac cycle phase analysis being the basis of cardiometry...
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The article presents experimental results indicating the high efficiency of using in instrumental cognitive science some sand patterns on light tablets, created by respondents as illustrations of their problems, and possible ways to solve them. It is shown that the creation of such stimuli is less laborintensive compared to the use of other types of multimodal game modeling for the same purposes, and it is noted that this procedure causes less resistance by respondents to the upcoming instrumental diagnostics and may well serve as an operational means for conducting largescale studies of cognitive processes, during which the subjects will have to set semantic priorities and make vital decisions.
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Aims Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) accounts for major morbidity and mortality late in the heart transplant (HTx) history. The role of antibodies (Abs) directed against human leukocyte antigens (HLA) and non-HLA antigens in the pathogenesis of CAV are still under investigation. Materials and methods Sera of 116 long-term HTx recipients with CAV (n=46) and without CAV (n=70) were analysed by (1) Luminex for Abs against both HLA classes and major histocompatibility complex class I-related chain A (MICA), and by (2) ELISA for Abs against angiotensin-type-1-receptor (AT1R) or endothelin-receptor-A (ETAR). Cellular rejection by endomyocardial biopsies and immunosuppressive drug therapy were analysed, too. Results HTx recipients developed higher levels of non-HLA-Abs than of Abs against HLA. CAV appeared more frequently in recipients with non-HLA-Abs (38.3% AT1R; 44.1% ETAR; 13.0% MICA) than in recipients with HLA-Abs (8.7% HLA class I; 8.7% HLA class II). Recipients with non-HLA-Abs developed CAV earlier (73.7±47.4months) than recipients without Abs (85.5±50.6months). Conclusion Occurrence of HLA-Abs and non-HLA-Abs contribute to CAV after HTx. Non-HLA-Abs were connected to an earlier and higher incidence of CAV. Recipients with subclinical cellular rejections and AT1R-Abs and ETAR-Abs as well as recipients with certain donor specific-Abs again HLA and MICA specifities are at risk to develop CAV.
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Aims A shortcoming common to all existing designs of mechanical cardiac valve prostheses is an increased trombogenicity caused, among other factors, by the lack of hydrodynamic compatibility between the luminal part of the prosthesis and the patterned blood flow. The aim of the study is to design and test our new mechanical aortic valve prosthesis to exclude life-long anticoagulation treatment. Materials and methods Standard hydrodynamic tests of the new prosthetic valve have been carried out for comparing with the other existing valve designs. A new method for the heart valve prosthesis testing in a tornado-like flow has been developed. The valve function has been verified in a swine excluding the anticoagulation treatment during the period of time exceeding six months. Results The significant advantage of the new prosthesis in the standard hydrodynamic tests has been demonstrated. The tests in the tornado-like flow have shown that only this prosthesis allows maintaining the pattern, the head and flow rate characteristics of the tornado-like jet...
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Part ii: old mathematics for the novel applied problems of cardiometry
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Aims This paper describes a novel approach to the analysis of electrocardiographic data based on the consideration of the repetitive P, Q, R, S, T sequences as cyclic codes. In Part I we introduce a principle similar to the syndrome decoding using the control numbers, which allows correcting the noise combinations. Materials and methods We propose to apply the burst-error-correcting algorithms for automatic detection of the ECG artifacts and the functional abnormalities, including those compared to the reference model. Our approach is compared to the symbolic dynamics methods in cardiology practice. During the automated search of the code components (i.e. point values and spectral ranges one-to-one corresponding to P, Q, R, S, T) considered in Part II, the authors apply the Lomb-Scargle periodogram method with the phase control which allows to determine the code components not only from the main harmonics, but also using the sidebands, avoiding the phase errors. Results The results of the method testing on rats with the heart failure using a simplified telemetric recording from the implantable chips are given in Part III...
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Aim Our aim was to study pathogenetically significant markers of sclerosing of hemangiomas in infants upon their exposure to optical radiation in the infrared region of the spectrum by analyzing thermog-raphy and morphology examination results. Materials and methods The basis for the thermographic study was our observation for 200 patients (birth to age 1), who re-ceived the hemangioma treatment in 2014-2016. We investigated thermograms of each vascular tumor in infants both before and after the treatment conducted with the use of the infrared themog-raphy (IRT) method. An IRT session was carried out upon a calm, quiet staying of an undressed in-fant in a room at an ambient temperature of 22°С and humidity of 0,009-0,012 kg/m3. To record heat fields in correspondence with the actual heat state of the tumor areas under studies, we used our thermo-vision device RADUGA-6 manufactured by AOMZ. The IRT data were compared with those obtained in ultrasound examinations. Diagnostic indicators of sclerosing, upon testing blood serum specimens, taken from 5 practically healthy and 25 hemangioma-affected children, were ana-lyzed with the use of the cuneiform dehydration technique...
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Pathogenetic substantiation for anti-tumor effectiveness of experimental electromagnetic therapy
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Aim The objectives to be pursued by our studies are to assess some effects made by experimental actions of ultra-low frequencies electromagnetic field (ULF EMF) in combination with the SCENAR therapy on morphological changes in lung tissues and the regulation structures considering tumor growth dynamics. Materials and methods We investigated sex hormone and prolactin concentrations in 156 male rates of outbred strains in the tumor growth dynamics in tissues of the lungs and the hypophysis, and we also studied morphological changes in the lung tissue. All animals were divided into two groups: the reference group, covering the rodents not affected by any exposures, and the experimental group of the rats, who were subjected to ULF EMF exposure in combination with the SCENAR therapy. Both therapeutic exposures were applied upon expiration of 1 week after tumor cell inoculation in a lung. Results The applied combination of the experimental therapy, involving the central and local electromagnetic actions, has resulted in the reliably established prolongation of life spans in tumor-bearing animals as well as in the negative dynamics in tumor growing; it has produced effects both on the hormonal homeostasis subsystems: the hypophisis and the lung tissue affected by the cancer tumor...
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In order to reveal the functional interrelationships of the main physiological characteristics of the organism with the external environment exogenous abiotic factors, as well as the evaluation of the magnetic field factor effect on the morphofunctional status main characteristics, 18 healthy men aged 25-49 years old, residents of the North-East of Russia (Magadan) were examined. Parameters of the cardiovascular system, external respiration and gas exchange, as well as heart rate variability were studied. Environmental factors, such as air temperature, wind speed, air humidity, atmospheric pressure and K-index were separately analyzed. Identified were different types of responses by human organisms to the influence of environmental abiotic factors, depending on the initial vegetative tone of the examinees. Thus, the individual profile of the subject with a sympathotonic type of autonomic regulation was characterized by a pronounced dynamics of the studied indicators in response to the influence of environmental factors...
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Huge amounts of organic biodegradable waste resources are thrown on dumping yards in India and neighboring Asian countries every day. It is estimated that 40-50% of total solid waste collected daily is biodegradable in India. Mumbai, a 1% population of the country, generates about 2500 MT of biodegradable waste. The African continent is no exception to this colossal wastage of natural resources. Barring few countries in the developed world where these waste resources are handled appropriately and environmentally friendly and converted to good quality compost, the story is the same worldwide. This waste resource amounting to millions of metric tonnes is one of the key sources of biomethane escaping in the environment. It is also directly responsible for global warming and associated climatic changes. However, the waste resource generators have been permitted to wash off their hands in not taking care of small amounts of wastages. The result is huge sprawling dumping yards in civilized areas Small measures taken by individuals can make vast changes in the situation. The main reason for this centralized issue is that the decentralized generation of the waste resource is not tackled at that level. This method has two key factors. The method is based entirely on bacterial decomposition without involving any insects. It is also fast and can achieve conversion in 24 to 72 hours. A sincere approach supported by technological improvisation will make it successful and prevent huge amounts of bio-methane from escaping into the environment, which would certainly slow down global warming significantly and help arrest climate changes to a perceptible level. It would also be in tandem with the law of conservation of matter. The generation of pure organic manure will help in recovering the degrading topsoil layer of the country. A perfectly sustainable solution can be offered if all individuals play their part.
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Personal profile of systemic hemodynamics in solving global problems of public health.
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The study of systemic hemodynamics has been conducted in individuals who suffer from arterial hypertension. Regularities of formation of the personal profiles of the systemic hemodynamics have been determined in this category of patients. A fresh method of antihypertensive therapy is offered which is based on establishment of relationship between the personal profile of the systemic hemodynamics and the hemodynamic drug effect. The clinical effectiveness of the proposed method has been proven.
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Background: Pediatric heart surgery, particularly for cyanotic congenital heart conditions, commonly requires the utilization of cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB)to assist with surgical interventions. The choice of priming solution for the CPB circuit can influence postoperative outcomes. This study aimed to assess the impact of two different priming solutions, Plasmalyte and Ringer’s Lactate, on postoperative outcomes, blood biochemistry, pulmonary and renal function, bleeding, and hemostasis in children undergoing open cardiac surgery with CPB. Methods: This randomized prospective study was conducted on 80 pediatric patients aged 1 to 10 years, undergoing elective cardiac surgery with CPB. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either Plasmalyte (Group A) or Ringer’s Lactate (Group B) as their CPB circuit priming solution. Standardized protocols for anesthesia, CPB circuit components, and surgical techniques were maintained. Postoperative parameters including blood chemistry, perfusion indicators, and physiological measurements were recorded and analyzed. Results: After CPB initiation, lactate levels were significantly higher in Group B (Ringer’s Lactate) compared to Group A (Plasmalyte)(P-value function show_abstract() { $('#abstract1').hide(); $('#abstract2').show(); $('#abstract_expand').hide(); }
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Prediction of kidney disease using machine learning algorithms
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The loss of renal function occurs gradually in diabetic kidney disease (DKD), which is associated with a high death rate. India is second only to China in the number of people living with DKD and it is expected that one million new cases arise in India each year. If diagnosed at an early stage, DKD may be effectively treated. DKD is more dangerous since it often has no early warning signs in its infancy. From a healthcare provider's standpoint, it is crucial to take preventative measures by using a machine-first model to foresee the beginning of DKD. The likelihood that a patient may acquire DKD can be estimated using their health records, and there are open source machine learning methods available to do this. The amount of clinical factors and the number of datasets used to train the algorithm both affect the prediction accuracy. A machine learning method and a booster algorithm were used in this work to increase the accuracy of DKD prediction. The strategy utilized in boosting algorithm produced more reliable outcomes than models used without boosting such as random tree, KNN and support vector machine.
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Predictors of residual coronary artery disease after PPCI in diabetic patients with STEMI
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To describe the patients’ characteristics and risk factors of diabetic and non-diabetic patients presenting with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in relation to residual SYNTAX score after PPCI (primary PCI). Material and Method: Prospective observational study using data from all comers in NHI with STEMI and underwent PPCI over one month. Results: The present study consisted of 290 patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction over one month period. About 50% of the patients with diabetes were more often female, with a greater prevalence of hypertension and dyslipidemia. In the diabetic group, the eGFR
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Background: Predictors of Suboptimal reperfusion are still unclear. Aim: This study aimed to determine the factors that may indicate suboptimal reperfusion and short-term mortality in patients who were diagnosed with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI). Patients and methods: This multicenter prospective comparative study, conducted at Benha University hospitals and National Heart Institute, included 400 patients (age1, heavy thrombus burden, prediltation, multiple stents insertion and longer stent length are predictors of the SOR after PPCI. While, Patients on long term beta blockers (BB) and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) are less likely to develop SOR. Furthermore, patients with SOR are more likely to develop in-hospital arrhythmias, heart failure, acute mitral regurge and inhospital mortality. Additionally, it increases 6-months risk of reischemia and mortality. Conclusions: Predicting the occurrence of no-reflow following pPCI can be achieved by considering various factors, such as clinical data, laboratory results, angiographic features, and procedural characteristics. Heavy thrombus burden, prediltation, dyslipidemia, longer stent length, pain to PCI time and RBG >300 (mg/dL) at the time of presentation were found to be the most predictable variables to SOR. Long term use of BB and ACEI were found to be significant independent factors that decreased the likelihood of TIMI9h were considered the most predictable variables to mortality in no reflow.
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At present, to develop new, scientifically justified, technologies of an accompanying therapy to improve the oncological situation is a challenge to health care. A therapy to accompany a specific cancer treatment in case of a malignant process in an organism is dictated by the necessity to raise the nonspecific resistance of the organism in cancer patients. In this case, original methodological approaches to initiate the mechanisms of the nonspecific resistance have been developed on the basis of the theory of the adaptational reactions. Within the framework of the above theory, some concepts of relationship between the specific and nonspecific anti-tumor processes have been extensively developed that may be successfully applied to solving tasks of the National Health Care Program. Aim. The aim hereof is to introduce the theoretical basics of the nonspecific adaptation regulation and control by a tumor- bearing organism into practice for an integrated treatment of malignant tumors with the use of the activation therapy technologies. Materials and methods. Our research work has involved clinical data on 1310 patients, who have been diagnosed with cancer of different localization: breast cancer (n = 170), cervical cancer (n = 60), lung cancer (n = 760), bladder cancer (n = 120), brain gliomas of high grade of malignancy and metastatic damage (n = 170) and extended colorectal cancer (n = 30) and who have completed their treatment at the National Medical Research Centre of Oncology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. Results and Discussion. We have used at different stages of the cancer treatment some technologies of the accompanying therapy, designed and developed on the basis of the approaches and principles of adaptive responding by a human organism. The above line of attack has provided a time- and intensity- scheduled functional loading (some factors of the electromagnetic and pharmacological nature) under control over formation of the desired stable reactions of the anti-stressor type. Following the principles of the activation therapy, the designed programmable regimes of extra actions and exposures have resulted in improvement of immediate outcomes of the treatment of malignant tumors, raise in quality and prolongation of life in our cancer patients.
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The aim is to study the incidence rate of anxiety and depressive disorders and their relationship with the everyday activity at the H.M. Berbekov Kabardino-Balkarian State University (KBSU) medical faculty students a year after the start of the Covid-19 pandemic. As a part of a cross-sectional observational study, a survey of 425 students at the Faculty of Medicine was conducted. The average age of the surveyed students was 20.9±2.1 years. The Spielberger-Khanin questionnaire, the HADS anxiety and depression scale, as well as a questionnaire specially developed by the authors to clarify some indicators of students’ activity were used. Results. The prevalence of high levels of situational anxiety (SA) was 1.4%, personal anxiety (PA) 30.8%, anxiety 29%, depression 21.6%. High levels of SA were statistically significantly more common among students with higher education (p = 0.0417), living in rented apartments (p = 0.0136), countryside residents (p = 0.0005), with debts (p = 0.0122 ); high levels of PA were identified among students who assessed their living conditions as satisfactory (p=0.0001). Clinically pronounced depression was statistically significantly more common among students with higher education (p=0.0258), who assess their living conditions as good (p=0.028), have debts (p=0.0001), employed (p=0.0001) and practiced low physical activity (p=0.0001). Associative relationships were detected between the levels of SA, PA, anxiety, depression and students’ activity parameters included in the study. Conclusion. The results obtained can be used to improve the academic process and preserve the mental health of the KBSU medical faculty students.
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It is known that is an ambiguous phenomenon in medicine. There is no generally accepted definition of the concept, and approaches to the interpretation of the essence of the category in question are also different, since polypragmasia, being vital for certain diseases, can become extremely dangerous in certain conditions of the human body, as well as negatively affect the health of patients of certain age groups. In particular, elderly and senile patients, often in a state of comorbidity or polymorbidity and taking a significant amount of medications (both prescribed by a doctor and without one), are at risk of a possible deterioration in their health. Accordingly, the identification of problematic aspects of polypragmasia in the development of comorbidity in elderly and senile patients, as well as the identification of ways to reduce the negative impact on the state of health of extended drug therapy is quite relevant in modern conditions.
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