Original research. Рубрика в журнале - Cardiometry
Evaluation of proprotein convertase subtilsin /kexin 9(PCSK9) in serum of men hypertensive patients
Статья научная
High blood pressure is considered a major factor for the development of heart disease and vascular disease in elderly people, due to higher tension in arteries leading to hypertension. PCSK9 is a proprotein convertase that increases circulating LDL levels by directing hepatic LDL receptors into lysosomes for degradation. The effects of PCSK9 on hepatic LDL receptors and contribution to atherosclerosis via the induction of hyperlipidemia are well defined.
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Evaluations of bone turnover in a sample of Iraqi postmenopausal hypertensive obese women
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Background: Hypertension and osteoporosis are worldwide diseases with high prevalence; the study was done to estimate the correlation between hypertension and bone turnover in a sample of Iraqi postmenopausal women with hypertension and obesity.
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Evolution of the cardiac analyzer “Pulse” and the mobile medical devices
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The basis of one of the areas in biomechanics, associated with the development of hemodynamics and fluid mechanics of the heart muscle, has been the use of new fiber-optic sensors, previously developed to solve some engineering problems. In particular, the original sensors of pressure and other physical quantities have been modified for the purpose of measuring cardiac mechanical signals, namely tones, noises and other vibration signals of the heart and pulse pressure waves in the circulatory system. The main idea of introducing such sensors into medicine is formulated as an attempt to enable a general practitioner or a cardiologist, as well as any expert, to quickly collect the necessary data both on the patient’s state of the cardiovascular system and the condition of the entire organism in general. In parallel with designing the sensors, secondary equipment and signal processing algorithms have been developed.
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Статья научная
The aim of our research work was to study changes in the level of hormones of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland in mice of both sexes in different variants of the B16/F10 melanoma growth. BALB/c Nude mice (n=84) of both sexes were divided into groups as follows: intact males and females (n=14); a reference group of mice of both sexes with standard subcutaneous B16/F10 melanoma inoculation (n=14); the main group of mice (n=14) where B16/F10 melanoma and Lewis carcinoma were inoculated into the mice sequentially subcutaneously on two sides: one on the left side, the other on the right side. At the terminal stage of the tumor growth, with ELISA using standard kits in 1% hypothalamic tissue homogenates we determined contents of releasing hormones as follows: corticotropic hormone (CRH), thyrotropic hormone (TRH), gonadotropic hormone (GnRH), somatotropic hormone (STH-R); in the pituitary with RIA determined were TSH, LH, FSH and ACTH (Immunotech, Czech Republic). Results. In males and females of both groups, the level of TRH in the hypothalamus decreased by 9-3.7 times, and only in females of the main group, the level of TSH in the pituitary gland increased by 2.8 times. Other releasing peptides in the hypothalamus of females increased by 1.9-6 times, while in males they decreased by 1.4-7 times. In the pituitary gland in males of both groups, the level of LH increased by 1.3-1.4 times and ACTH by 2.5-4 times, but FSH decreased by 7.8-13.6 times. In females, the level of FSH and ACTH in the pituitary gland decreased by 1.5 times - 1.8 times (р˂0.05), only in the main group the content of TSH increased by 2.8 times and only in the reference group LH by 1.6 times (р˂0.05). Conclusion. With the development of B16/F10 melanoma, there was a sex-dependent dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary tract. Changes in the concentrations of GnRH, CRH, and STH-R in the hypothalamus in different directions in males and females indicate different mechanisms of hormonal imbalance in response to the growth of a malignant tumor.
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Статья научная
The aim is to study the features of life and the incidence rate of anxiety and depressive disorders among medical faculty students studying remotely during the epidemic of a new coronavirus infection (Covid 19) at the Kabardino-Balkarian State University named after H.M. Berbekov. Materials and methods. We examined 335 students (34% males, 66% females) at the Faculty of Medicine in November-December 2020. The average age of the students examined was 20.3±2.3 years. The study included an anonymous mail survey to examine educational conditions, lifestyle, levels of anxiety and depression. Results. 43.8% of the students had insufficient sleep duration, 58.5% had low physical activity, in 24.8% of them we recorded high levels of situational anxiety and in 82.1% of them personal anxiety, in 7.1% of the students we recorded clinically expressed anxiety and 1.8% had clinically expressed depression. During the transition to remote learning, students increased the time use to prepare for classes (51.2%) and the duration of sleep (61.5%), while their physical activity decreased (76.5%). Statistically significant linear correlations were identified between the level of anxiety and depression and the duration of sleep, low physical activity, preparation time for classes, academic performance, and academic debt. Conclusions. The results obtained by us can be used to optimize the educational process, as well as to preserve the mental health of students during the transition to distance learning.
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Статья научная
The present study is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between neuropsychiatric disorders and ophthalmological pathologies. The paper provides an overview of the latest scientific data on this problem, with an emphasis on the pathophysiological mechanisms linking both groups of diseases. The mechanisms of the influence of psychological factors, such as stress and anxiety, on the state of the visual system, as well as the influence of changes in neurochemistry and neuroplasticity on the development of ophthalmic diseases are considered. The clinical manifestations of ophthalmological pathologies in patients with various neuropsychiatric disorders, including depression, anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, etc., are analyzed in detail. The results of clinical observations and studies confirming the importance of this relationship are presented. In addition, the article highlights modern methods of diagnosis and treatment of ophthalmological manifestations in patients with neuropsychiatric disorders. Psychotherapeutic approaches and rehabilitation methods are considered, taking into account the specifics of the patient’s condition.
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Features of perioperative management of pediatric patients with congenital heart defects
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The paper analyzes the features of perioperative management of pediatric patients with congenital heart defects. The authors note that the perioperative period is the period starting from the moment of the beginning of the operation and ending with the moment of transfer of the patient to the ward after the operation. This period is very important for the recovery of children after surgery for a heart defect. In the perioperative period, indicators such as blood pressure, pulse, oxygen saturation, respiratory rate and other indicators are monitored to make sure that the patient is in a stable condition and there are no complications. In the perioperative period, measures are taken to prevent complications such as infections, bleeding, thrombosis, etc. Doctors also monitor the balanced administration of fluids and electrolytes to maintain the stability of the patient, and try to minimize the time of surgery to reduce stress for the patient and reduce the risk of complications. During the period under review, procedures are also carried out to support the postoperative period, such as the administration of medications and infusion solutions, maintaining body temperature and other procedures. In general, the perioperative period is of critical importance for the recovery of children after surgery for a heart defect. Proper monitoring of health indicators, prevention of complications, proper anesthesia and other procedures help children recover faster after surgery and reduce the risk of complications.
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Features of pregnancy management and prevention of complications in patients with SLE
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The article discusses the features of pregnancy management and prevention of complications in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. The authors note that pregnancy outcomes in patients with SLE are improving due to medical advances; however, pregnancy caused by lupus is still associated with a large number of maternal and fetal complications compared to healthy women. The frequency of exacerbations of lupus during pregnancy is high, and with SLE, the frequency of fetal loss, premature birth and the birth of newborns with a body weight deficit increases. Early prediction of possible complications is necessary to improve maternal and neonatal outcomes. The authors determined that in most cases, bearing children by women with a history of SLE brings favorable results. Consul-tations during the prenatal period, adequate interdisciplinary supervision and optimal processing of fundamental procedures allow us to achieve good results.
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Features of the course of cardiovascular diseases against the background of COVID-19
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Based on the analysis of 308 electronic medical records of patients with a confirmed diagnosis of a new coronavirus infection COVID-19, the features of the course of cardiovascular diseases at the regional level were studied. It was found that in patients with cardiovascular diseases, the severity of the course and mortality are higher than in patients without cardiac pathology.
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In the modern world, patients suffering from chronic renal insufficiency quite often also have a number of other diseases, among which otolaryngological ailments occupy far from the last place. The causes of the development of ENT diseases against the background of the development or chronic course of kidney disease usually lie in the weakening of the immune system of patients, as well as in the use of certain pharmacological complexes by the latter, which have side effects expressed in a negative effect on the functions of ENT organs. Patients who have been shown and underwent kidney transplantation are particularly at risk of developing otolaryngological diseases, since such patients need lifelong treatment to suppress the immune system and minimize the likelihood of organ rejection. A decrease in the body’s defenses under certain conditions leads to the development of diseases of various natures, including otolaryngological ones. The authors believe that the otorhinolaryngological dysfunctions discussed above that have arisen in patients with CKD are usually permanent and difficult to control, have a negative impact on the quality of life of patients with CKD. For this reason, patients suffering from CKD should be regularly monitored by an otolaryngologist, undergoing regular examinations. The importance of these procedures is determined by the fact that individual otolaryngological disorders, in case of their early detection, may be reversible. In addition, correctly and timely prescribed treatment can limit the development of individual ENT pathologies.
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Features of the first-year students’ lifestyle at the faculty of medicine: an observational study
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Introduction. Our analysis of studies of the lifestyle of medical students has shown that the students keep an unhealthy lifestyle with some differences in their lifestyle components, regions, and course of university study. Therefore, it is of scientific and practical interest to identify and analyze some factors which influence the formation of a healthy lifestyle for future medical doctors. The aim of the study is to investigate the lifestyle characteristics of the first-year students at the Faculty of Medicine and identify some key predictors of an unhealthy lifestyle. Methods. An observational cross-sectional study of the first-year students of the Medical Faculty at the Kabardino-Balkarian State University named after I.I. HM. Berbekov was conducted. The selection of units of the observation was carried out by the nesting method while maintaining the proportion characteristic of the general population. The sample set reflected the properties of the general population both quantitatively and qualitatively. The study included an anonymous survey using a specially designed questionnaire containing 80 questions to study socio-demographic characteristics that make up lifestyle (physical activity, daily routine, diet schedule and diet composition, the presence of bad habits), well-being, attention to one’s own health, using online Google Forms Designer. Results. More than half of the students surveyed (51.6%) consider their lifestyle not fully consistent with the principles of a healthy lifestyle. Herewith, 75.4% of the students did not adhere to the proper diet, 72.1% of them did not follow the daily scheduled routine, 24.9% of them slept less than 6 hours at night, 20.4% of the students did not engage in any type of physical activity. The number of smoking students was 8.9%, those drinking alcohol was recorded to reach 9.7%. Using the method of multiple logistic regression analysis for predicting lifestyle changes, the key predictors of an unhealthy lifestyle were identified as follows: the presence of bad habits, the number of cigarettes smoked and an unhealthy diet. Conclusion. The completed study made it possible to reveal the characteristics of the lifestyle of the first-year students of the Faculty of Medicine, identify significant predictors of an unhealthy lifestyle, and produce a social profile of a first-year student at the Faculty of Medicine. The results obtained by us can be used to adapt the curricula of the Medical Faculty for the formation of a healthy lifestyle among the students.
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Aim The aim hereof is a comprehensive study of the mental, adaptive and hormonal status in patients with lung cancer with varying prevalence of the malignant process. The obtained results are compared with data on the psychosomatic state and subclinical disorders in the thyroid system in patients with cardiovascular diseases.
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Pleural effusion is a common occurrence in patients with latestage chronic kidney disease. In developing countries like Pakistan, many effusions remain undiagnosed after pleural fluid analysis and patients are empirically treated with anti-tubercular therapy.
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The article discusses innovative approaches and methods used in modern psychiatry to maintain the mental well-being of patients. The authors consider current approaches to the pre-vention of mental disorders and improvement of emotional well-being. The analysis of innovative methods and programs used in psychiatry for the prevention and maintenance of men-tal health is carried out. The effectiveness of these methods is considered based on the results of recent research as well as promising approaches to improving emotional state. The arti-cle focuses on the effectiveness of innovative approaches and evaluates progress in psychiatry and psychotherapy. As a result of the analysis of modern research the authors iden-tify key trends in use of technologies, software methods and therapeutic approaches to maintain mental health.
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Functional state of the students’ cardiovascular system under the conditions of mountain hypoxia
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The article presents the functional state of the cardiovascular system of students under conditions of high-altitude hypoxia. From the analysis of the results of our research, it can be argued that due to the fact that students live under conditions of a reduced oxygen content in the atmospheric air, there is a significant increase in the systolic output of their hearts. Thus, the systolic blood volume of students under the conditions of mountain hypoxia increases, reaching the maximum values of 63.4 ml (P
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Our study identified gas exchange and external respiration characteristics during hypoxia and hypercapnia exposure in young men of the Magadan Region. Materials and methods. A comprehensive survey in young men of military age, 18-21 yr., permanent residents of the Russia’s Northeast, was conducted. A hypoxic-&-hypercapnic respiration test with no CO2 absorption was used. Before and after respiration, using indirect calorimetry method, we analyzed gas composition in exhaled air, external respiration variables, body energy expenditure at rest, respiratory quotient, ventilation equivalents for oxygen and carbon dioxide (Carbonic gas analyzer, Medgraphics VO2000 gas meter). Statistical data processing was performed with Statistica 7.0 package. Results. Significant post-respiratory dynamics in most indicators of gas exchange and external respiration was found. In response to hypoxia and hypercapnia effects, an increase in the energy consumption at rest, in minute volume of body temperature and pressure saturation, in carbon dioxide emission and oxygen consumption per minute was observed with significantly decreased oxygen utilization factor. Conclusion. Effects of hypoxic-&-hypercapnic test can be seen as pronounced readjustments in analyzed variables: intensed metabolism at the test peak and that reduced below baseline in the recovery period. In this case, breathing patterns are readjusted with pronounced increase in pulmonary ventilation and higher values in breathing depth in comparison with the baseline value at each stage of the recovery period, up to its 3rd minute.
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Glaucoma diagnosis based on colour and spatial features using Kernel SVM
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The main aim of the paper is to develop an early detection system for glaucoma classification using the fundus images. By reviewing the various glaucoma image classification schemes, suitable features and supervised approaches are identified. An automated Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD) system is developed for glaucoma based on soft computing techniques. It consists of three stages. The Region Of Interest (ROI) is selected in the first stage that comprises of Optic Disc (OD) region only. It is selected automatically based on the on the green channel’s highest intensity. In the second stage, features such as colour and Local Binary patterns (LBP) are extracted. In the final stage, classification of fundus image is achieved by employing supervised learning of Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier for classifying the fundus images into either normal or glaucomatous. The evaluation of the CAD system on four public databases; ORIGA, RIM-ONE, DRISHTI-GS, and HRF show that LBP gives promising results than the conventional colour features.
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Group travel influencing work-life balance of millennials: the study of IT companies in Pune
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Work-life balance (WLB) is a subject of primary concern for every organization. This paper attempted to delineate the influence of group travel on the WLB of millennials working in the IT companies in Pune. The study of group travel was compared to individual journeys. Four factors of group travel: escapism, refreshment, bonding, gain a new perspective; we’re used to establish a relationship between group travel and work-life balance. Data were collected from 214 millennials employed in IT companies in Pune using an online survey. Multiple regressions analysis has affirmed that group travel has a positive and significant influence on the work-life balance of the millennials. The findings of this study would contribute to crucial contributors such as the company to modify the policies regarding travel vacation for the employees and acts as marketing inputs to outside stakeholders like travel agencies, hotels, and hospitality businesses.
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Harnessing the power of ML and NLP for decision making in education sector from social media data
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The active social media users across the globe have passed the 3.8 billion mark. Platforms like Facebook, Reddit, Instagram, Twitter, and more are an ocean full of opinions and views. With over 500 million tweets being generated daily, this enormous volume of data can offer very prominent insights and allow organizations and businesses to make strategic decisions. The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the landscape of learning and education dramatically. With a sudden deviation from the classroom in many parts of the world, some wonder if the adoption of online learning will continue with the outbreak of the post-epidemic epidemic and how such a change could affect the global education market. The crux of the problem is how we need to analyze vast amounts of data efficiently. We chose to employ advanced ML and NLP techniques to analyze the sentiment of the masses on digital learning and important extracting demographic information from them. In this paper, we will make an effort to understand the orientation of the academicians towards the recent online education adoption. We will collect the data from the tweets using the trending tags of COVID-19 and Online classes.
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Aims Up to the present, ECGs have been classified on the basis of the analysis of the ECG curve shape. But this made impossible to classify many ECG shapes. The most promising methods for the classification must evaluate each of the 10 cardiac cycle phases both by their functions and hemodynamic parameters. The aim hereof is to develop the new classification principles for all possible ECG shape variations. Materials and methods The heart cycle phase analysis method is used to calculate the hemodynamic parameters in each of 10 phases, like the phase-related blood volumes and the level of contraction of the corresponding cardiovascular musculature determining its function dynamics in the cardiac cycle phase structure related to the compensation mechanism for maintaining normal hemodynamics. Results An ECG phase changes periodic table consisting of 10 groups of the actual ECG curves typical for the corresponding pathologies is proposed. Each group contains 4 levels of characteristic phase changes. Conclusion The ECG phase changes periodic table is the first attempt to classify the great variety of the ECG shapes. In this case the proposed system requires further investigations. It has been demonstrated that the theoretical concept of the table is in compliance with practice. Further it is planned to improve characteristics of every group and every level.
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