Вестник Новосибирского государственного университета. Серия: История, филология @historyphilology
Статьи журнала - Вестник Новосибирского государственного университета. Серия: История, филология
Все статьи: 3571
Archaeopalynological investigations in the Trans-Ural
Статья научная
Reconstructing prehistoric human activities and subsistence systems is only possible with a sound knowledge of the former flora and vegetation. Then, vegetation not only presents the frame in which prehistoric communities could subsist, but also reflects by its floristic and quantitative composition anthropogenic activities like animal husbandry and/or arable farming. Archeobotanical investigations, primarily pollen and macroremains, offer the opportunity to reconstruct past environments. In a steppe ecosystem - subject of the present study - the question of subsistence is of great significance for the past societies. Surely animal husbandry was of great importance, but did prehistoric man also practise arable farming, and to what extent? This is one of the many themes within a combined German-Russian research project of scientists from the Russian Academy of Science in Ekaterinburg and the J. W. Goethe-University in Frankfurt am Main. The project, supported primarily by the German Research Foundation (DFG) and the Russian Foundation for basic research (RFFI), attempts to investigate the archaeology, settlement history, subsistence and former environment of the Bronze Age Sintashta and Petrovka cultures in the Trans-Ural, particular in the valley of the Karagayli-Ayat River. This article presents the results of the first palynological study of a small lake from this area. The investigated deposits include the period from approximately 600 BC until 400 AD, the early phase of the Subatlantic.
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Brotherly support: economic aid to Vietnam during the American war (1954-1975)
Статья научная
During the wars to gain independence, the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV) had a wide range of support from socialist countries. Due to the global conflict of the Cold War, the assistance from the socialist bloc not only came from the special relationship between Vietnam and this camp but also reflected complex international relations. This paper draws on documents tapped from collections of the Prime Minister's Office which contains important memorandums exchanged between the Prime Minister's office, the Vice Prime Minister, and the Foreign Trade Ministry. Based on these documents and Vietnam’s position at the centre of the confrontation between the East and the West, this article shows the tremendous economic aid that was received for the national salvation of the Vietnamese people from the Soviet Union and China during the anti-American resistance war. The article also reveals cracks within the communist camp, even though these socialist countries were seen as a solidary bloc and had a shared ideology. In the context of the Cold War with the East-West confrontation, and the fractured relations between countries in the communist bloc, the DRV always received support from both the Soviet Union and China. Perhaps it was rare for two rival countries to jointly provide aid to a third country, like the relationship between Vietnam-China-the Soviet Union during this period.
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China-US strategic competition in the Lower Mekong region and Vietnam’s position
Статья научная
Recently, both China and the United States of America (US) have started focusing more on settling influence in the Lower Mekong region in the general context of global China-US competition. Although they have different connecting approaches, both superpowers focus on establishing and maintaining their influence in the strategic geo-political area in Southeast Asia and Asia. Their activities in the Lower Mekong region are more noticeable since the 2010s when Xi Jinping came to power in China and the US conducted the “Pivot to Asia” and “Free and Open Indo-Pacific” policies. Their competition therefore raises difficult tasks for Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam (CLMTV) to keep neutrality, and protect their national sovereignty and the regional sustainable development. As the China-US competition in the Lower Mekong region is remarkable and profoundly influential to the development of regional countries, both academic scholars and policy makers pay attention to this subject. This paper focuses on evaluating the recent competition between China and the US in CLMTV and Vietnam’s adaptations to maintain its sovereignty, security and neutrality in the great-power competition, especially since Vietnam established a Comprehensive Strategic Partnership with both China (2008) and the US (2023).
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Communication strategies for students from Central Asia and Russia who studying Chinese
Статья научная
There are a lot of differences in communication strategies among students from different regions and countries. In this paper we investigate such a strategy for students from Central Asia and Russia in order to improve their level in Chinese. There are two kinds of communication strategy. One is reduced strategy which means people will not face problem directly, sometime they even give up expected goal. The other is achieved strategy which refers to remedial measures for limited language means when learners decide to keep the original goal. This study was carried out by authors on their experience of Chinese teaching to 80 foreign students at Xinjiang University and Xinjiang Agriculture University. All the data are presented in the tables within the text and have been analyzed through statistic methods. The selection of the strategies as a rule is determined by many factors. The most essential among them are the personal characteristics of students (so called introverts and extraverts), continuance of studying Chinese and the level of language skill which is corresponding to the levels of HSK. It was determined, for example, that Russian students as a rule are less inclined to use communication strategies (in compare with students from Central Asian five states (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan). All students have been divided into two groups according to sex, 46 of male, 34 of female. The statistics shows that male students find more ways to succeed in communication because their frequency of communication strategy is higher than those of female students. What’s more, boys are more active than girls, and the strategy they take are more simple and effective. But female students choose communication strategies that need more time, such as explanation and description. The study shows that there are certain rules in the use of communication strategy by foreign students. The level of Chinese mainly affects the frequency and types of communication strategy. At the same time, personal factors of learners make influence on using of communication strategy, too. But language learners don’t realize the importance of communication strategy which has been regarded as one of strategy knowledge through investigation. It was defined that foreign students themselves can’t have a rational concept of communication strategy consciousness and communication strategy knowledge. And it is not significant to study communication strategy alone. This studying would be most effective when we know it, use it in teaching and make language learners have rational conception of it. Teachers of Chinese can choose communication strategy through analyzing personal factors and social context of language learners.
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Composite nomina agentis with low frequency usage in the Tarnovo revision of the Verse prolog
Статья научная
Purpose. The paper focuses on some compound nominal entries from word-formation and semantic aspect with low frequency of occurrence, typical of the Tarnovo Revision of Verse Prolog.
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Статья научная
There are many kinds of Chinese complements that are used frequently and semantic orientation varies in context. By interviewing with local Chinese teachers and students in Russia, we found that Chinese directional complement is a very key and difficult grammatical point. This paper focuses on Chinese Directional Complement and the corresponding expression in Russian. Through analyzing and contrasting the characteristics of the structure and the position of object clause in Chinese and Russian, we found that there are a lot of difference in this language phenomenon between Chinese and Russian, which mainly lies on the quantity of directional complement words, word class, syntactic constituent and structure. Therefore, we put forward some strategies for better teaching and study of this language phenomenon in Russia.
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Статья научная
В статье анализируются сведения по традиционной культуре жителей Барабинской степи, приведенные Д. Г. Мессершмидтом в путевом дневнике во время экспедиции в Сибирь на маршруте из Тары в Томск.
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Developing and expanding trade by the Portuguese in China in the 16th - 18th centuries
Статья научная
This article clarifies the process of establishing and expanding the commercial power of Portugal in China in the 16th , 17th and 18th centuries. In the second half of the 16th century, through various means, the Portuguese gradually “legalized” their existence and established a highly autonomous government in Macao. The Portuguese Crown expected to build a fortified base as a springboard to realize their plan in developing an exclusive trade network in mainland China and Japan as well as the other countries in Southeast Asia and South Asia in the 17th and 18th centuries. To study this issue, the authors mainly rely on original materials and academic achievements by Chinese and international scholars that are directly or indirectly related to the content of the article. At the same time, the authors use two main research methods of Historical Science (historical method and logical method) with other research methods (analysis, synthesis, statistics, and comparison). This research will make a specific contribution in recreating the overall picture of Portuguese commercial activities in Asia in general and China in particular from the 16th to the 18th centuries.
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Dissemination of the Soviet and Russian archaeological literature in China
Статья научная
This article presents the forms and stages of the influence from the side of Soviet/Russian archaeology on the development of archaeological science in China. On the basis of data obtained three main phases were distinguished in the process. The first one corresponds to the period of 1950–1977, when Chinese specialists initially became acquainted with Soviet achievements in archaeology and museology. Important part of it was two visits to China (in 1950 and 1959) paid by outstanding Soviet archaeologist S. V. Kiselev. In its turn, this period has two subdivisions as if from the early 1960 s successful scientific contacts suffered from negative influence of politics, i. e. deterioration of bilateral relations. The second stage has begun from 1978, simultaneously with reforms in all spheres of social life in PRC. Within this period scientists have been making purposeful investigations of Russian archaeological materials according to the needs and tasks of Chinese archaeology itself. As representative example we can take the edition of special archaeological volume of the «Great Russian Encyclopedia» which contains dozens of articles about Russian archaeological items (including those of Central Asia). Many specialists (such as Mo Runxian, Wang Dehou, Yao Feng, Lin Shushan et al.) especially std and translate Russian publications on the actual questions of archaeology and ancient history. The third stage has begun in 2002; it is characterized by enlargement in themes and forms of cooperation as well as participation of specialists of two countries in joint scientific projects. Nevertheless, it should be noted that inverse process (translations into Russian and summarizing the works of Chinese archaeologists) up to the date is developing more slowly.
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Environmental factors of cultural variability - a case study in the Trans-Urals
Статья научная
In the Trans-Ural region a Russian-German cooperative project, concerning new interdisciplinary research on the subject of fortified settlements of the Sintashta culture, is being conducted by the Russian Academy of Sciences in Ekaterinenburg and the Goethe-University in Frankfurt/Main. Foremost of interest are questions on the origin of these structured and defended settlements and their general climatic and economic conditions. Important aspects of research are archaeological excavations and prospection, which are accompanied by studies on the history of vegetation in order to reconstruct changes in the steppe region. Further, geomorphological and pedological investigations should determine changes in the soil (use as pasture versus crop cultivation) and, thus, as an important parameter will contribute to information about land use and cultural development. Recent magnetogramms and excavations show houses` plans and the position of wells. These new data are well suited for constructing models about the population in particular and about social structure in general.
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Family saga as a genre of world literature
Статья научная
This article questions the reasons for the interest in the genre of saga, and discusses the peculiarities of its construction depending on the time and place of its origin, starting with the oral tradition. This genre is defined firstly by describing the life of no less than three families during a considerable span of history of a country, it also includes precise environmental details, such as dress and behavior, and exact dates of events against which the life of the heroes flows. Yet there are some differences in the choice of the narrator (whether it is the heroes themselves, or an objective observer of the events), the way of presenting time and space, ways of communication, etc. These differences are analyzed in the examples of four novels representing four literary traditions. The specifics of Russian literary tradition are also emphasized.
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Статья научная
Based on the difference between Chinese characters and phonograms, this paper discusses the problem of recognizing Chinese characters by foreigners. The cognitive process of their studying is divided into two types: micro-cognition and systematic cognition, which are closely related and complementary. Chinese cognition is experiencing the cognitive process of «attention, perception, representation, memory, thinking and speech».
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Homo peregrinator: образ автора и образ России в "Русском дневнике" Льюиса Кэрролла (1867)
Статья научная
Данная статья посвящена психолингвистическому исследованию доминант и их «следов» в сознании путешествующей языковой личности, Homo peregrinator, - Льюиса Кэрролла как автора «Русского дневника» (1867), который он вел во время его первого и единственного путешествия в Россию. Доминанты, являющиеся ценностными установками мотивационного уровня языковой личности, оставляют «следы» в тезаурусе, которые исследуются путем выделения трех аспектов тезаурусного уровня: расподобление, анизотропность и эмоция как выражение чувствования языковой личности на лингвокогнитивном уровне. Миссия, с которой Л. Кэрролл посетил Россию, определила доброжелательность к окружающей его незнакомой действительности. Эта ценностная установка автора, соотносимая с мотивационным уровнем языковой личности, контрастирует с установками дневниковых записей других европейских и английских авторов.
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Статья
Дана информация о научном семинаре, посвященном памяти профессора В. В. Бабайцевой. Семинар проходил онлайн на цифровой платформе Новосибирского национального исследовательского государственного университета. В ходе семинара прочитан ряд докладов, в которых многоаспектно рассматриваются актуальные вопросы морфологии и синтаксиса современного русского языка. Общей идеей можно назвать вопрос языковых механизмов формирования грамматической семантики и способов ее интерпретации. Серия докладов выполнена на материале языка Александра Пушкина, Николая Гоголя, Василия Шукшина. Представлены новые монографии. Высказана идея многоаспектного изучения творческого наследия В. В. Бабайцевой.
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III Международная конференция «Полевые практики в системе высшего профессионального образования»
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В сообщении дается информация о проведении на Алтае III Международной конференции «Полевые практики в системе высшего профессионального образования» (21-29 августа 2009 г.).
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IV Международный симпозиум по ледниковой археологии
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В статье рассматриваются выступления участников IV Международного симпозиума по ледниковой археологии, прошедшего в октябре 2016 г. в Инсбруке (Австрия). Симпозиум был посвящен обсуждению методов и результатов исследований различных археологических памятников, обнаруженных в районах оледенения. Работа была разделена на пять последовательно тематических сессий: Сессия 1 - Ледниковая археология: находки и объекты, методы, исследования и анализ; Сессия 2 - Изменение климата: климат в прошлом и настоящем, вспомогательные данные, методы и результаты; Сессия 3 - Замороженные сайты - мультидисциплинарные подходы; Сессия 4 - Сохранение и сохранение - проблемы и развитие; Сессия 5 - Замерзшее прошлое: экология и этнография археологических объектов ледниковых территорий. Следующий, V Международный симпозиум по ледниковой археологии, состоится в 2018 году в Анкоридже (США).
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С 27 по 30 сентября 2017 года в столице Республики Хакасия городе Абакане и Аскизском районе Хакасии прошла IV Международная научно-практическая конференция «Народы и культуры Саян-Алтая и сопредельных территорий». Конференция была посвящена 155-летие со дня рождения выдающегося сына хакасов, выдающегося востоковеда, тюрколога, доктора сравнительного языкознания, профессора Казанского Императорского университета Николая Федоровича Катанова (1862-1922). Цель. Мы проводим обзор работы конференции, чтобы проинформировать исследователей об этом важном событии. Работа была организована в несколько секционных заседаний. Тематика - различные аспекты истории Южной Сибири и сопредельных регионов Евразии с древнейших времен, а также некоторые вопросы языкознания, фольклора и литературы народов Средней Азии. Кроме того, планировалось определить задачи по изучению масштабного научного наследия Н. Ф. Катанова. Полученные результаты. Работу научного форума возглавили главы Правительства и Верховного Совета Республики Хакасия, в нем приняли участие преподаватели и ученые из Турции, Японии, Казахстана, Кыргызстана, Татарстана, Башкортостана, Якутии, Тувы, Алтая, Хакасии, Москвы. , Новосибирск, Красноярск, Кемерово и Тюмень. Новосибирский государственный университет представляли заведующий лабораторией гуманитарных исследований, доцент. Скобелев С.Г. К началу конференции Организационный комитет, представленный представителями Правительства и Министерства образования и науки Республики Хакасия, Администрации Аскизского района и Хакасского научно-исследовательского института языка, литературы и науки. История, подготовил материалы форума в виде сборника статей «Народы и культуры Южной Сибири и сопредельных территорий» (Абакан, 2017, 292 с). В рамках конференции состоялась презентация двух ранее не публиковавшихся работ Н. Ф. Катанова: 1) «Путешествие по Сибири, Джунгарии и Восточному Туркестану». Дневник путешествия, совершенного от имени Императорского Русского географического общества в 1890 году членом-корреспондентом Н. Ф. Катановым; Татарский (хакасский) язык (сагайский диалект). Грамматика (этимология и синтаксис) (1882 г.); 2) Монография «Эпистолярное наследие Н. Ф. Катанова (к 155-летию со дня его рождения)». В ходе конференции ее участники посетили несколько музеев и археологических памятников разных эпох на территории Аскизского муниципального района Хакасии, откуда родом Н. Ф. Катанов. Заключение. Конференция явилась важным этапом как в работе по изучению богатого научного наследия Н. Ф. Катанова, так и в решении ряда актуальных проблем археологии, этнографии и истории народов Южной Сибири и сопредельных территорий.
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International summer school for young sinologists at Palack'y University, Olomouc
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The article provides a brief report on the International Summer School held on June 6-11, 2016 at the Department of Asian Studies of the University. F. Palacky in Olomouc (Czech Republic). Professor of the University of Pennsylvania Victor H. Mair, Dr. Olaf Günther from the University of Leipzig, and Dr. Soledad Jiménez Tovar from the University. F. Palacky in Olomouc, Dr. Mária Strašáková from Prague Metropolitan University and Tibetan researcher from Max Planck University in Munich, Mr. Fan Zhang. Bachelors, masters and graduate students from 12 countries took part in the work of the school as listeners. The materials presented by the lecturers mainly dealt with the history and current state of international relations of China and its neighbors, as well as Chinese nationality policy.
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