Вестник Новосибирского государственного университета. Серия: История, филология @historyphilology
Статьи журнала - Вестник Новосибирского государственного университета. Серия: История, филология
Все статьи: 3601
IV Международный симпозиум по ледниковой археологии
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В статье рассматриваются выступления участников IV Международного симпозиума по ледниковой археологии, прошедшего в октябре 2016 г. в Инсбруке (Австрия). Симпозиум был посвящен обсуждению методов и результатов исследований различных археологических памятников, обнаруженных в районах оледенения. Работа была разделена на пять последовательно тематических сессий: Сессия 1 - Ледниковая археология: находки и объекты, методы, исследования и анализ; Сессия 2 - Изменение климата: климат в прошлом и настоящем, вспомогательные данные, методы и результаты; Сессия 3 - Замороженные сайты - мультидисциплинарные подходы; Сессия 4 - Сохранение и сохранение - проблемы и развитие; Сессия 5 - Замерзшее прошлое: экология и этнография археологических объектов ледниковых территорий. Следующий, V Международный симпозиум по ледниковой археологии, состоится в 2018 году в Анкоридже (США).
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С 27 по 30 сентября 2017 года в столице Республики Хакасия городе Абакане и Аскизском районе Хакасии прошла IV Международная научно-практическая конференция «Народы и культуры Саян-Алтая и сопредельных территорий». Конференция была посвящена 155-летие со дня рождения выдающегося сына хакасов, выдающегося востоковеда, тюрколога, доктора сравнительного языкознания, профессора Казанского Императорского университета Николая Федоровича Катанова (1862-1922). Цель. Мы проводим обзор работы конференции, чтобы проинформировать исследователей об этом важном событии. Работа была организована в несколько секционных заседаний. Тематика - различные аспекты истории Южной Сибири и сопредельных регионов Евразии с древнейших времен, а также некоторые вопросы языкознания, фольклора и литературы народов Средней Азии. Кроме того, планировалось определить задачи по изучению масштабного научного наследия Н. Ф. Катанова. Полученные результаты. Работу научного форума возглавили главы Правительства и Верховного Совета Республики Хакасия, в нем приняли участие преподаватели и ученые из Турции, Японии, Казахстана, Кыргызстана, Татарстана, Башкортостана, Якутии, Тувы, Алтая, Хакасии, Москвы. , Новосибирск, Красноярск, Кемерово и Тюмень. Новосибирский государственный университет представляли заведующий лабораторией гуманитарных исследований, доцент. Скобелев С.Г. К началу конференции Организационный комитет, представленный представителями Правительства и Министерства образования и науки Республики Хакасия, Администрации Аскизского района и Хакасского научно-исследовательского института языка, литературы и науки. История, подготовил материалы форума в виде сборника статей «Народы и культуры Южной Сибири и сопредельных территорий» (Абакан, 2017, 292 с). В рамках конференции состоялась презентация двух ранее не публиковавшихся работ Н. Ф. Катанова: 1) «Путешествие по Сибири, Джунгарии и Восточному Туркестану». Дневник путешествия, совершенного от имени Императорского Русского географического общества в 1890 году членом-корреспондентом Н. Ф. Катановым; Татарский (хакасский) язык (сагайский диалект). Грамматика (этимология и синтаксис) (1882 г.); 2) Монография «Эпистолярное наследие Н. Ф. Катанова (к 155-летию со дня его рождения)». В ходе конференции ее участники посетили несколько музеев и археологических памятников разных эпох на территории Аскизского муниципального района Хакасии, откуда родом Н. Ф. Катанов. Заключение. Конференция явилась важным этапом как в работе по изучению богатого научного наследия Н. Ф. Катанова, так и в решении ряда актуальных проблем археологии, этнографии и истории народов Южной Сибири и сопредельных территорий.
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International summer school for young sinologists at Palack'y University, Olomouc
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The article provides a brief report on the International Summer School held on June 6-11, 2016 at the Department of Asian Studies of the University. F. Palacky in Olomouc (Czech Republic). Professor of the University of Pennsylvania Victor H. Mair, Dr. Olaf Günther from the University of Leipzig, and Dr. Soledad Jiménez Tovar from the University. F. Palacky in Olomouc, Dr. Mária Strašáková from Prague Metropolitan University and Tibetan researcher from Max Planck University in Munich, Mr. Fan Zhang. Bachelors, masters and graduate students from 12 countries took part in the work of the school as listeners. The materials presented by the lecturers mainly dealt with the history and current state of international relations of China and its neighbors, as well as Chinese nationality policy.
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Статья научная
The paper aims to analyze different types of illustrations of court case gong`an公案stories featuring Qing dynasty judges Shi-gong 施公 and Peng-gong 鵬公 found in the late Qing woodblock editions and popular woodblock prints nianhua年畫 in order to figure out how tales about imperial ‘fair officials’ have been reflected in book illustrations and in popular prints nianhua年畫. Popular prints from various Russian and foreign collections mostly depict episodes featuring Qing dynasty judges Shi Shilun (施世綸, dec. 1722), originally a protagonist of the novel “Criminal Cases of Judge Shi” (施公案Shigong an, preface dated 1798), and Peng Peng (彭鹏, 1637–1704) from the novel “Criminal Cases of Judge Peng” (彭公案Penggongan, 1871) by Tanmeng Daoren貪夢道人. “Shi-gong plays” about Judge Shi and his friends gained popularity during the Daoguang period (1821–1850), however Judge Shi was no longer their central protagonist. The popular prints mostly depict martial scenes from these plays based on the court case stories. This research claims to define sources of various types of illustrations and clarify connections between book illustrations, popular prints and drama.
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Статья научная
In the late 1970s and early 1980s, after several decades of development of teaching Chinese as a foreign language, a new situation of reform was emerging. In this reform, the setting of classes according to language skills has become a tendency, and the listening class has become an independent class. The research on listening teaching has gradually increased. Based on the practice, this paper investigates the listening learning of 39 middle-level students from Fudan University in the spring of 2018, from the students' attitude towards listening lessons, their understanding of listening lessons, and the experience of using textbooks. A detailed investigation and analysis of the teacher's satisfaction and the five aspects of the practice setting were made. In order to improve the effect of intermediate Chinese listening teaching, based on the results of this survey and analysis, this paper proposes some ideas and teaching strategies from the listening course itself, listening content, practice questions and teachers, in order to provide intermediate Chinese as a foreign language. Listening teaching provides a reference.
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Статья научная
На основе литературных источников и с опорой на результаты раскопок виллы Сан Марко в Везувианском регионе формулируется новый взгляд на проблему визуальных осей в древнеримской репрезентативной жилой архитектуре поздней Республики и раннего Принципата, в первую очередь на приморских виллах нобилитета (villae maritimae, villae otium). В полемике с Уоллесом-Хэдриллом и его представлением о фронтальной визуальной оси, объединяющей все основные помещения и демонстрирующей перспективу социальной мобильности, автор обосновывает наличие боковых перспектив, которые могли вызывать иные смыслы и ассоциации у посетителей (суггестии). Всё многообразие осей группируется в систему из двух главных типов перспективы: invidia (status) - «претензия на статус», и imperium (maris) - «контроль над состояниями природы».
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L2T как жанр современной медиасферы
Статья научная
Статья посвящена изучению новых способов привлечения внимания аудитории на телевидении. Интерес зрительской аудитории становится главным критерием при создании новостей, аналитических и других материалов. Такое определение основных задач телевидения вызывает дискуссию о границах жанров СМИ. Рассматривается вопрос появления новых жанров, соответствующих требованиям инфотейнмента и интертейнмента. Сегодня в структуре известных телевизионных жанров выделяется то, что еще не принято называть жанром, но уже сложно назвать просто структурным элементом телевизионного сюжета, в силу его самостоятельности и функциональности. Речь идет о так называемом лайф-ту-тейп.
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Memory and identity: Tashi Tsering, the last qinwang south of the Yellow river
Статья научная
Today’s Henan Mongol Autonomous County is located in the southeastern part of present-day Qinghai Province, in the northeastern part of the Tibetan plateau. This historical pastoral area South of the Yellow River is a border area where, a milieu was created due to the long-term mutual contacts between Tibetans and Mongols, in which specific local customs, language patterns, and social communities have emerged. The initial turning point in their ethnical and cultural identity was the integration into the modern Chinese State in 1954, followed by ethnic classification. Moreover the local pastoral Mongol and Tietan populations have been transformed into minority nationalities is-á-vis the Han Chinese, and many Tibetans even were classified as Mengguzu (Mongols), however, perceived as Tibet-Mongols (Tib. Bod Sog) by themselves and their neighbours. By looking at the outstanding historical figure of Tashi Tsering, the last Mongol qinwang of the Henan grasslands at the Sino-Tibetan borderlands, this paper examines how the people of the Henan grasslands integrate their memory of the local traditional leader into their identity construction, and how they revive their Mongolness despite their seclusion from other Mongol communities.
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Nephrite cultures in prehistoric Northeast Asia
Статья научная
The capacity for symbolic organized behavior, such as the use of languages and ornaments, is a defining characteristic of modern human beings. As gold is for the West, jades have been one of the finest symbolic vessels in the East since prehistory. Jades are a collective term applied to compact aggregates of either of two minerals, nephrite and jadeite. In recent years, a large amount of nephrite accessories have been excavated from Neolithic-Bronze Age archaeological sites in Northeast China, Cis-Baikal and Russian Far East. Rings and disks are the majority of such nephrite accessories, and the similarities and differences in their geological sources, production history and context of use pose important question for how the symbolic application of jade dispersed and evolved in the most part of Asia. The international scientific project described bellow is specially aimed to solve this problem together with some related ones. This timely first-handed investigation is the most comprehensive study thus far of long-distance exchanges and movements of nephrite raw materials, products and production technologies. It will make a significant contribution to the early history of jade symbolism and human interaction in Northeast Asia.
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Статья научная
The main aim of teaching Chinese as foreign language is to foster capability of social communication with Chinese native speakers. Through analyzing grammatical errors in the period of elementary Chinese studies, this paper expounds the micro skills for better teaching. The involved grammar points in this paper were taken from «New Practical Chinese Reader Textbook» (vol. 1 and 2) and «Conversational Chinese 301» (in two parts). The grammatical errors are mainly revealed in two aspects: function word and words’ order. We found that Russian students’ grammatical errors can be divided into four categories: omission， improper addition， over representation and words’ disorder. This paper presents some micro skills in teaching Chinese such as contrast method，simplification method, semantic and structure analysis, situational method etc. Language contrast has two categories, the first is contrast between Chinese and another languages, the second is contrast within Chinese language. It is quiet difficult to learn Chinese grammar at the beginning period. Thus, the teachers should use simple constructions to explain Chinese grammar for students more easy understanding. In practical teaching we often use phrase and sentence structure to study Chinese grammar. We put the grammar in some contextual language environment by adopting situational method, then students can transfer grammar into practical communicative capacity, combining with semantic pragmatic analysis. The teachers of Chinese should flexibly adopt various methods, instead of rigidly adhering to the textbook, to promote efficiency in the beginning period of Chinese grammar teaching.
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On the nature of Cao Cao's appointments of the provincial officials
Статья научная
Later Han 後漢 termination in the 220 AD was a result of multiple crises, one aspect of which had been the political bankruptcy of the emperor and his loyalists. A turbulent and war-torn period, which started from the rebellion of the Yellow Turbans in 184 AD, has been a topic of discussion for many years ever since the Jin 晉 empire. Although in the last years approaches to studies of the Later Han differ, there are three key historiographical ideas: the final years of the Later Han are discussed as a part of the Later Han, as a part of the Three Kingdoms era 三國 or are included into both periods. This case study is an attempt to show the possibility of a different approach and treat the period of 184-220 AD as a transition between Han and Wei empires, according to information about the local administrative appointments which can be found in the first chapter of San-guo zhi 三國志, being a biography of the most important statesman of this period - Cao Cao 曹操.The accounts, which can be found in his biography, indicate that Cao Cao's appointments did not precisely follow the traditions of the Later Han administrative system, but neither were they in full agreement with the ideas, which were later implemented during the Wei-Jin Nan-beichao period. His conduct was much more pragmatic than that of other Later Han statesmen, but he never ventured as far as his successors did in granting too much power to the local gentry.
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Performative strategies in contemporary Chinese avant-garde poetry
Статья научная
The paper presents an attempt to explore the problem of mediality in Chinese poetry of the last thirty years. New Chinese poetry is particularly susceptible to the influence of the latest concepts of modern art and now more than ever needs a clear contextualization in relation to other forms of culture and avant-garde practice. This can be achieved through applying an analysis paradigm for performative word art developed by Dr. Tomáš Glanc in the context of Czech and Russian neo-avant-garde. It perceives experimental poetry as a form that fulfills a shift of the word thus making it labile. Examples of this phenomena can be found in Chinese poetry in the works of Ouyang Jianghe, Yang Xiaobin, Ouyang Yu, Xia Yu, Chen Li, Xu Bing, Wuqing and many more experimental artists. Their creative use of word shift principles shows how performative strategies are adapted in contemporary Chinese poetry keeping in mind the specific hanzi (character) medium that it is based upon. It seems both a continuation of a long-existing tradition and a radical exploration of the ‘iconic turn’ in the field of language.
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Print vs digital: "каннибализм" или сотрудничество
Статья научная
Рассматриваются последствия расширения присутствия глянцевых журналов на digital-платформах на примере издательского дома «CondeNast». Информационной базой исследования являются десять экспертных интервью с сотрудниками редакций и коммерческих отделов журналов издательского дома, собранных в мае 2016 г. Делаются выводы относительно организационных изменений, связанных с выходом на электронные платформы в период кризиса. В частности, обращается внимание на то, что многие сотрудники одновременно решают задачи, связанные как с выпуском печатной версии журналов, так и с наполнением контентом и рекламой digital-версий журнала. Подчеркивается, что развитие онлайн-платформ не приводит к потере рекламодателей печатными журналами ввиду того, что на выбор между рекламой в печати или в электронной версии журнала влияет в первую очередь специфика бренда и ценовая политика журналов издательского дома. Потери читательской аудитории бумажными журналами в результате расширения присутствия в Интернете также относительно невелики.
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Probing the boundaries: language exploration in contemporary Chinese poetry
Статья научная
The paper focuses on describing different language techniques exploited in contemporary Chinese poetry of both “intellectual” (zhishifenzi) and “popular” (minjian) camps. Six works are analyzed in-depth to show the textual mechanics behind contemporary poets’ paratexts and their linguistic exploration. Both the “intellectuals” and “popular” poets share a vision of poetic text as a “sublimation” of the ordinary, however in actual practice they rely on the notion of a deviant textual substance that constitutes the very core of the poetic. Their pursuit for metalinguistic reflection leads contemporary poets to a fusion type of text blending the linguistic phenomena of traditional Chinese verse and Western modernism’s linguistic experimentation. They borrow traditional techniques such as parallelism, elliptical constructions, and nontrivial semantic links created through language phonographics to create connections with classical images and the tradition of 20th century Chinese “new poetry” while simultaneously accommodating Western ideas about language.
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Restudy on the functions of the bow-shaped objects
Статья научная
This paper discuss the functions of the bow-shaped objects recovered in Yin and Zhou dynasty remains in China, and in Karasuk culture in South Siberia in Russia. These bow-shaped objects are ambiguous to both Chinese and Russian researchers in terms of their morphology and functions, thus having been on the hot debate for a long time. One of the main hypotheses of these implements refers to «rein holder» for the charioteers or riders to free their hands. If this hypothesis explains the only function of the bow-shaped implements, they must be only related to the charioteers or riders, since only the charioteers and riders control the reins when riding. However, some findings are not in accord with the hypothesis, which are presented in this paper. In Dasikong M175 burial of Yinxu site, two bow-shaped objects were found in the tomb with only one single-rider chariot. The extra bow-shaped object obviously did not serve for the same function to the only charioteer at the same time. Moreover, there are also some tombs discovered with even more bow-shaped objects in groups. Specimens in the same group are of the same size, shape and pattern, which are considered as applied for one specific chariot. Therefore, these bow-shaped objects are not only related to the charioteers or riders, but also to the passengers. We supposed that the bow-shaped implement serves as «safety belt» for both charioteer and passengers on the chariot, for the safety purpose when in motion. Of course, the bow-shaped implement also may be used as «rein holders» at the same time.
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Review of ‘The Satan's shoes’ by Yahya al-Shaar
Рецензия
The first novel by the Arabic-speaking author J. Shaar, analyzing modern social problems, including the religious life of a well-known Muslim community (ummah), was analyzed using the method of evolutionary epistemology due to the enormity of the task and the huge time distance in predicting its development in the future. The results of the analysis indicate that the author sees the solution to the evolutionary problem of Islam in the gradual development of heroic forms of consciousness into religious ones with the expansion of corporate ties between individuals. One of the main directions in the development of such ties is, according to the text, the readiness of the protagonist, a teenager 13-14 years old, for self-sacrifice and love. Forms of scientific consciousness are also widely represented in the dialogues of the protagonist with older comrades who help in the formation of his worldview, but the hero's aspirations within the framework of religion with broader, non-regional connections are existentially possible.
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Some effective methods of testing language competence
Статья научная
This study investigated the underlying structure of language ability in relation to the levels of language proficiency and test methods. Teaching and testing are theoretically and practically interrelated. Theoretically, they have been influenced by the principles of linguistics, psychology and other language related fields. Practically, they are complementary because both aim at optimizing the efficiency of education. The main purpose of this study has been to investigate the factors which influence of the language testes in order to avoid errors of final estimation of their proficiency.
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Studying the image of China in the online media of Tajikistan
Статья научная
The image of a country is intangible assets which compose an important part of its soft power. As its economy has been in an unprecedented rapid development during recent years, China in the international arena has attracted more attentions, and because of its fast economic development, China''s influence on the world is growing. However, existing research results have indicated that China''s national image is not directly proportional to its enhancing strength, which is inevitably confusing. With the acceleration of international economic globalization, the increasingly active exchanges between countries make the role of national image more and more important in international communication. In the last phase of the 20th century, the network media bring huge influence upon sovereign countries. As a rising star Chinese gradually focus to the network media, which provides a better platform for the research of China''s image. Computer network provides a new channel to access to information, which has made a huge audience of 1.5 billion people currently in the. In China more than 700 million people often visit the Internet. On the Internet media more than 90 % of the information comes from developed countries while Chinese information accounts for only around l %. In this paper that the authors carry on a preliminary analysis of China''s national image in Tajikistan network media as an example, which aims to provide some reference basis for promoting China''s active participation in international affairs. National image is the highlight of a country’s overall strength on the world stage. Today online media''s influence is growing steadily, and information dissemination updates more rapidly, and even more open. This article analysis China’s image in Tajikistan network media for the purpose of advancing good-neighbor relationship between the two countries. The authors put forward the following opinions on establishment of China''s image in Tajikistan: (1) It is suggested that China should pay attention to build a image of great power with increasing comprehensive strength, playing a more and more important role in international affairs, maintaining the world peace, being responsible anywhere and anytime. (2) The Chinese government should aim to improve its transparency, and release information to the public timely and accurately, making it know national political events. (3) Show an honest and upright government image of justice. (4) It is also needed to strengthen the cooperation with other countries, and establish a mutually beneficial pattern in order to improve the understanding and support of other countries to China''s economic development. (5) Broaden the channels for understanding the cultural world of China. From the network media, it is easy to find that impression of China in Tajikistan derived mostly from its long history, ancient civilization, and rich traditional culture besides the fast economic growth. Foreign spread media should also make a modest increase in the program number and content of the current political affairs, broadcasting out China''s new information through their own mouth, in order to avoid China’s image be disjointed from the reality of the situation.
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