Статьи журнала - Juvenis scientia
Все статьи: 660
"Как сообщает Гален...": галенизм в опыте автономизации телесной жизни
Статья научная
В статье проводится анализ культурно-антропологических влияний рецепции галеновского наследия в средневековой Европе. Исследуются связанные с ней воздействия физической медицины, развиваемой в классический период средневековой истории и ярко представленной Салернской врачебной школой, на различные области повседневности. Демонстрируется, каким образом культивируемые здесь приемы медицинского мышления и терапевтические практики вызвали актуализацию интереса к телесной жизни.
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"Чайный трактат" Лу Юя как доказательство существования чайной философии
Статья научная
В статье рассматривается значение чайной культуры в истории Китая. Объектом исследования статьи является “Трактат о чае”, написанный в VIII веке китайским мыслителем Лу Юем. Данная работа - первый в Китае, и во всем мире, труд, посвященный чаю. «Трактат о чае» или «Чайный канон» сыграл немаловажную роль при династии Тан, а также всех последующих династиях, как источник, помогающий понять структуру чая, а также уметь его использовать. Через призму данного трактата в статье выясняется ответ на вопрос, почему же чайная культура стала неотъемлемой частью китайской культуры, а также китайским достоянием и отличительной особенностью.
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Статья научная
Введение. Понятие «резистентность к ацетилсалициловой кислоте (АСК)» характеризуется как ее неспособность снижать продукцию тромбоксана А2 и ингибировать активацию и агрегацию тромбоцитов. Одним из методов оценки резистентности к АСК является определение концентрации 11-дегидротромбоксана В2 в моче. Целью нашего исследования являлось изучение взаимосвязи уровня 11-дегидротромбоксана В2 в моче и других клинико-лабораторных показателей с наличием в анамнезе неблагоприятных сердечно-сосудистых событий (инфаркта миокарда, ишемического инсульта) у пациентов со стабильной ишемической болезнью сердца (ИБС), получающих АСК. Пациенты и методы. В поперечное исследование включены 82 пациента со стабильной ИБС, получающих терапию аспирином в дозе 75-150 мг в сутки. В качестве маркера резистентности к АСК оценивался уровень 11-дегидротромбоксана В2 в моче. Статистический анализ включал в себя использование U-критерия Манна-Уитни, анализа ROC-кривых, многофакторной логистической регрессии. Результаты. Медиана 11-дегидротромбоксана В2 в моче у пациентов с неблагоприятными сердечно-сосудистыми событиями в анамнезе и без них составила 587,8 (Q1-Q3 512,8-800,3) пг/мг креатинина и 438,3 (Q1-Q3 337,6-577,9) пг/мг креатинина, соответственно (р=0,001). Пороговое значение уровня 11-дегидротромбоксана В2 в моче, которое прогнозировало высокий риск сердечно-сосудистых событий, составило 521,1 пг/мг креатинина, у 36 (43,9 %) пациентов концентрация исследуемого метаболита превышала полученное значение. В ходе регрессионного анализа построена модель, включающая количество тромбоцитов, уровень 11-дегидротромбоксана В2 в моче и наличие сахарного диабета 2 типа и характеризующая зависимость наличия в анамнезе неблагоприятных сердечно-сосудистых событий от указанных параметров. Чувствительность и специфичность полученной модели составили 55 % и 88,9 %, соответственно. Заключение. Результаты проведенного исследования свидетельствуют, что у пациентов со стабильной ИБС, перенесших сердечно-сосудистые события, антитромбоцитарный эффект аспирина слабее, чем у пациентов без перенесенного инфаркта миокарда и/или ишемического инсульта.
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Accounting and tax risks of economic contracts
Статья научная
The article deals with theoretical aspects of accounting and tax risks of economic contracts, namely the risks associated with the party to the contract and the risks associated with the terms of the contract and their reflection in accounting statements. The authors examine the sources of risks regulation, mechanisms for managing these types of risks as well as give the examples of risks relating to each group. The application of a unified approach by developing algorithms for eliminating risks for each group of contracts is considered reasonable. Summarizing the article, the authors state that to assess the practical importance of algorithms for eliminating and minimizing the risks of economic contracts it is necessary to analyze the possibilities of applying these algorithms in practice. Based on the results of the analysis, recommendations on the application of these algorithms should be made for the companies.
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Allergic contact dermatitis: sensitization to 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate
Статья научная
Acrylate polymers are an important cause of allergic contact dermatitis. Over the last decades, the vector of allergy to methacrylic acid esters has shifted from industrial products to the beauty and medical industries. In the described clinical case, the potential risk of sensitization to 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, a component of medical products, is emphasized, particularly in patients working in the cosmetology field. The authors present a clinical case of allergic contact dermatitis caused by 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, a component of the adhesive in a medical plaster. Basic diagnostic measures, including allergodiagnostics using a patch test, were conducted. Based on the collected data, the diagnosis was verified, and therapy for allergic contact dermatitis was prescribed according to the international clinical treatment protocol. The increasing number of cases of allergic contact dermatitis caused by acrylate compounds in medical materials requires further investigation and the implementation of effective preventive measures to ensure patient safety.
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Analysis of approaches to the classification of tourism destinations
Статья научная
The term “tourism destination” has been long ago adopted in tourism economics and analyzed in many theoretical and practical aspects. The article examines approaches to the classification of tourism destination through defining its major properties, constituting an amalgam of concepts such as: (1) a geographical location, (2) a bundle of tourism goods and services, (3) special tourism business environment and infrastructure, (4) an image perceived and adopted by consumers. The framework of four approaches provides extended understanding of the tourism destination versatility revealing in merging of tourism geography, marketing, management and motivation theory, thus both supply and demand sides of the tourism industry are covered. The study presents seven classifications, which are analyzed in terms of completeness, potential issues of typification and practical application. Extensions and examples for existing classifications are proposed.
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Статья научная
The paper proposes a generalized logistic model of the urban passenger transportation system, and on its basis, there has been developed a modified model that allows for determining a set of organizational and economic indicators in each state of a system. To solve the optimization problem of the transportation process system under conditions of dynamically changing passenger traffic flows, there has been justified searching for a balance between the effectiveness and quality of solutions due to the «survival of the strongest alternative solutions» y to earn system of operational control buses on the route. There has been proven the advantage of using genetic algorithm to optimize the processes of organizing and managing the system of urban passenger transport with the aim of maximizing the profits of an enterprise at minimal cost.
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Biobased nanoemulsion for blocking COVID-19 from accelerating Alzheimer's disease
Краткое сообщение
An effective therapeutic strategy to delay dementia could be based upon nanotargeting drug(s), using lipid nanocarriers (i.e., biobased nanoemulsion technology), toward a major serum amyloid A (SAA) receptor responsible for certain proinflammatory, SAA-mediated, cell signaling events. For example, other investigators have already confirmed that SR-BI receptors (or its human ortholog CLA-1) function as proinflammatory cell-surface SAA receptors, and additionally report that various ligands for CLA-1/SR-BI "efficiently compete" with SAA for CLA-1/SR-BI binding. A similar benefit (of "competitive binding") may well accompany the clinical intravenous use of the ("HDL-like") lipid nanocarriers (i.e., biobased nanoemulsion [see above]), which have already been repeatedly described in the peer-reviewed literature as a targeted (and SR-BI mediated) drug-delivery agent. To conclude, the above-proposed "competitive binding", between SAA and such biobased nanoemulsion(s), could assist/enhance the protective (ordinarily anti-inflammatory) role of HDL - as well as provide targeted drug-delivery to the (human) brain cells bearing CLA-1/SR-BI receptors. The first resulting advantage is that this (intravenous) colloidal-nanocarrier therapeutic makes it possible for various cell types, all potentially implicated in Alzheimer's disease and/or (late-onset) dementia, to be simultaneously sought out and better reached for localized drug treatment of brain tissue in vivo. A second major advantage is that this therapeutic-target approach has particular relevance to the current COVID-19 human pandemic; namely, immune response and excessive inflammation in COVID-19 infection may accelerate the progression of brain inflammatory neurodegeneration which, if effectively halted, might play a major role in reducing Alzheimer's disease pathology.
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Biochemical pathways of metabolic disorders in psoriasis
Статья обзорная
The development of metabolic disorders occurs in psoriasis: insulin resistance, systemic inflammation, atherosclerosis, oxidative stress and obesity. The paper presents pathological biochemical pathways of metabolic disorders development which is caused by common cytokine profile chara-cteristic for psoriasis and obesity and they are tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-8 (IL-8). The following links play a role in the development of insulin resistance: insulin receptor (IRS-1) and insulin receptor substrate (SIR-1), glucose transporter protein (GLUT-4), also there is a decrease in the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway (PI3AKT) activity, and an increase in the mitogen activating protein kinase (MAPK) activity. Factors influencing the development of inflammation are discussed: IL-6, C-reactive protein, tissue plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), proinflammatory adipokines; processes of vascular inflammation development, atherosclerosis development and oxidative stress. This article discusses endocrine disruption of adipocytes in obesity and the influence of adipokines and inflammatory mediators synthesized by fat cells on psoriatic disease. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs), hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) due to vitamin B12 and folic acid deficiency, and a 5,10-methylfolate reductase (MTHFR) mutation are also important in the clinical manifestations of psoriasis. The possibility of assessing metabolic disorders and dysfunction of various organs by changes in the levels of metabolites in the blood and skin of patients with psoriasis is discussed.
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COVID-19 и сопутствующая онкологическая патология: терапевтические возможности и сложности
Статья обзорная
Коронавирусная инфекция 2019 года (COVID-19) - это вирусное заболевание, вызываемое новым коронавирусом тяжелого острого респираторного синдрома, SARS-CoV-2, который поражает легкие инфицированных лиц. COVID-19 распространяется от человека к человеку посредством респираторных капель, выделяющихся при кашле или чихании инфицированного. Эпидемия COVID-19 началась в городе Ухань (Китай) в конце 2019 года. По состоянию на 29 сентября 2020 года более 235 стран, районов или территорий по всему миру сообщили в общей сложности о 33 441 919 подтвержденных случаях заболевания и о 1 003 497 подтвержденных смертях от COVID-19. Риску заражения подвержены люди любого возраста, но в большинстве случаев тяжелое течение заболевания наблюдается у людей старшей возрастной группы и при наличии сопутствующей патологии, которая снижает иммунитет, например, онкологических заболеваний. Данные многочисленных исследований позволяют предполагать, что пациенты со злокачественными новообразованиями могут быть подвержены более высокому риску тяжелого течения COVID-19 и летального исхода. Поэтому оказание онкологической помощи в условиях пандемии является сложной задачей и требует совместного междисциплинарного подхода для оптимального лечения онкологических больных в условиях стационара. В этом расширенном обзоре мы обсуждаем влияние пандемии COVID-19 на онкологических больных и оказание им медицинской помощи. Помимо этого, обзор содержит общие сведения о пандемии, вызванной SARS-CoV-2, характеристику генома вируса, описание патофизиологии COVID-19 и связанных с ней сигнальных путей, играющих важную роль при онкопатологии, а также информацию о вариантах использования противоопухолевых средств для лечения COVID-19.
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Colored grapes byproducts as the source for bio-active products
Статья научная
The paper discusses grape peel as the source of biologically active materials and its canning methods. The research results confirmed that grape peel granules are characterized with great bacteriological stability and that the amount of phenolic complexes in it remains practically unchanged compared to the initial capacity. The technology of grape peel canning presented below is economically feasible and easy to realize. Granulated grape peel contains richest resources of biologically active substances for the food and pharmaceutical industry.
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Статья научная
Introduction. Spinal anesthesia (SA) is widely used for cesarean sections, yet its safety in preeclamptic patients remains uncertain. This study explores the use of subarachnoid block (SAB) in preeclamptic parturients during cesarean sections. Patients and Methods. This study was a single-center hospital-based controlled clinical trial. 30 normotensive and 30 preeclamptic women undergoing cesarean section were included in the study. Heart rate, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and SpO2 were evaluated at one, three, five, seven, nine, 11, 13, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 45, 50, 55 and 60 minutes intervals after giving the block. The independent samples t-test was used for statistical analysis.
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Creating professionally oriented tasks of communicative nature: from teaching experience
Статья научная
The article draws attention to some aspects of creating professionally oriented tasks in the context of the formation of future specialists’ communicative self-efficacy. The recommendations presented are based on the analysis of theoretical and methodological literature, as well as taking into account the author’s own experience. The article is addressed to teachers interested in using professionally oriented tasks in the practice of working with students.
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Cоциально - экономическая адаптация и ее связь с уровнем благосостояния сельского населения
Статья научная
На основании социологических исследований, проведенных в сельских районах Алтайского края, Пензенской и Саратовской областях, был проведен анализ основных особенностей, тенденций и стратегий социально-экономической адаптации сельского населения. В ходе анализа была установлена взаимосвязь выбранных стратегий с социально-экономическими и социокультурными факторами. Определено, что социальная адаптация обеспечивает стабильность в изменяющимся современном обществе.
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Development of a model of the adaptive control of passenger flows in the city's road network
Статья научная
The paper describes the conditions of the effective operation of urban passenger transport. Also, there have been explored the parameters of passenger flows on the bus routes, and the local areas with high intensity and density have been identified. The paper also presents the pattern of daily and hourly distribution of passenger flows on these areas, according to which a model of the adaptive control of transport has been developed, as well as the parameters of the effective functioning of this model have been assessed.
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Development of an algorithm for making management decisions based on situational analysis
Статья научная
This paper proposes an algorithm for making management decisions using a situational analysis in the aviation industry. The effectiveness of management decisions directly depends on the industry in which the organization operates, and the information on the basis of which this decision is made. The basis for developing solutions is analysis. Depending on the direction of the decision, the analysis is divided into managerial, diagnostic, financial, operational, situational. Each industry has its own limiting aspects that affect the implementation process and the outcome of the decision. In the course of diagnostics, as a rule, the main legislative restrictions or the advantages that companies need to take into account in order to maximize profits are revealed. To effectively diagnose the state of an enterprise, it is advisable to single out a number of analysis methods. In the process of developing the algorithm, the main methods of analysis and specific features of the industry were considered.
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Ecological awareness: theory, phenomenon and interpretation
Статья научная
The article provides a brief analysis of the phenomenology of environmental awareness, taking into account current research in an interdisciplinary field. Systematic approach to describe the phenomenon of environmental consciousness began to emerge in the second half of the twentieth century. Paradigmatic basis for his description was entrenched by this time the understanding that progressive environmental crisis exists, it causes in the dominant tehnotsentricheskom the process of human activity, and it can not be overcome without changing the dominant type of worldview universals and specific consciousness, are "psychological base" of ecological crisis. System of psychological and philosophical description of the ecological crisis was in the works White, Jonas, Atfild, Peccei, Schweitzer, Meadows, Heslov, and others. The key problem in this field of science was the study of the processes of development of ecological consciousness, which is considered, functional and sotsiogeneticheskom, ontogenetic and pedagogical aspects.
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Effective vocabulary teaching and learning strategies in English for specific purposes
Статья научная
Communicating in a foreign language is impossible without mastering vocabulary. It is of special importance in English for Specific Purposes (further ESP) courses as requirements of modern realities in Kazakhstan force experts to know enough ESP vocabulary to be able to demonstrate their knowledge in their professional sphere. Since vocabulary plays such an important role in ESP courses it is essential to determine what strategies ensure effective teaching and learning it in specific groups of learners. This paper presents results of a study held on vocabulary teaching and learning strategies employed by ESP teachers and learners at L.N. Gumilyev Eurasian national university (further ENU) in Astana, Kazakhstan. An open-ended questionnaire and a semi-structured interview were conducted among 20 ESP teachers and 48 ESP students of L.N. Gumilyev ENU. The questions elicit not only teachers’ vocabulary teaching experiences and opinions about the most effective vocabulary teaching approaches but also the reasons for students’ vocabulary learning and using problems. During the interview students described their preferred vocabulary learning styles and confirmed the importance of learning vocabulary in ESP. The study determined the most effective ESP vocabulary teaching and learning strategies for teachers to use at L.N. Gumilyev Eurasian National University.
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Family enterprises and entrepreneurial obligations of spouses-individual entrepreneurs in Russia
Статья научная
A family business is the basis of the middle class being formed in Russia. The imperfection of the legal regulation of this legal phenomenon makes the research on this subject relevant. The legal regulation of property and obligations of spouses- individual entrepreneurs is of particular scientific interest. The legal positions formed by the courts, in the opinion of the author, generate legal uncertainty in law enforcement practice.
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