Статьи журнала - Журнал стресс-физиологии и биохимии
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Effect of abiotic stresses on Histidine Kinases gene expression in Zea mays L. cv. Sc. 704
Статья научная
UV-B radiation and osmotic stress (like drought and salinity) have a significant effect on physiology, morphology, biochemistry and molecular biology. To cope with such stimuli, plants must be able to effectively sense, respond to and adapt to changes in their biological activities. Hence, signal transduction pathways play important role in response to environmental stimuli. In this study, the expression of three Histidine Kinases including ZmHK1, ZmHK2 and ZmHK3a was studied in maize plants exposed to 8 days drought, salinity and UV-B stresses applying transcript approach. The semi-quantitative RT-PCR analyses of ZmHKs showed up-regulation of ZmHK1 and ZmHK3a genes after 8 days exposure to applied stresses except salinity in leaves, although, their regulation was more prominent during drought stress. Astonishingly, exposure to these stresses showed down-regulation of all genes in maize roots. However, the ZmHK1 behavior was quite different from two other homologues and showed up-regulation in combined stresses. We suggest that ZmHK1 and ZmHK3a, as cytokinin transmembrane receptors, sense osmolarity changes in cells caused by dehydration. Our data supports the involvement of ZmHK homologues under these stresses in maize and provides a gene expression dynamics during the stress which will be valuable for further studies of the molecular mechanisms of stress tolerance in maize.
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Effect of acute hypoxia on the functional state of erythrocytes and hemoglobin in black scorpionfish
Статья научная
In the present work the influence of hypoxia on black scorpionfish ( Scorpaena porcus ) nucleated red blood cells has been studied at in vivo (whole blood) and in vitro (cell suspension) experiments. Experiments were conducted in the range of oxygen concentration 0,3-8,5 mg О2 l-1, water temperature 14-16 оС, and the duration of exposure period was 4 h. Deep hypoxia (less than 2 mgО2 l-1) caused hemoglobin transition to a ferry-form (MtHb), and the most substantial increase of MtHb concentration was observed at severe hypoxic conditions (less than 1 mg О2 l-1). The highest MtHb level observed was 19-32 %. The results of in vivo and in vitro experimental series were similar, indicating that mechanisms involved in MtHb formation occur within cells and are not associated with organismic responses to oxygen deficiency. Moderate hypoxia (oxygen concentration more than 2 mg О2 l-1) did not cause hemoglobin transformation. MtHb formation did not influence the level of reactive oxygen species (DCF-DA fluorescence) and the integrity of cellular membrane (double staining with SYBR Green I and Propidium iodide) in red blood cells. The level of dead cells in control and experimental groups did not differ, indicating that responses observed were in the range of physiological norm.
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Статья научная
Agrobacterium tumefaciens infection and antibiotic wash are the critical steps of Agrobacterium mediated plant transformation procedure, most time responsible for lower transformation efficiency due to necrosis and phytotoxicity caused by biotic stress of Agrobacterium and abiotic stress by antibiotics respectively. Ammi majus Egyptian origin medicinal plant and Pearl millet cereal grain crop were studied for their stress responses to Agrobacterium mediated transformation (AMT). Agrobacterium strains LBA4404 (O.D.=0.6-0.8) and EHA105 (O.D.=0.2-0.4) were used for transformation experiments to infect calli of Ammi majus and embryogenic calli of Pearl millet respectively. Incase of antibiotic wash, Cefotaxime 500 mg L -1 was used for LBA4404 infected Ammi majus calli and Timentin 300 mg L -1 was used for EHA105 infected embryogenic calli of Pearl millet. Effects of Agrobacterium infection, antibiotic and NaOCl washes on Agrobacterium removal and both explants physiological changes during transformation experimental procedures were studied. At the end of the experiments explants survival efficiency of Ammi majus and pearl millet were 8% and 5% respectively. Biotic and abiotic stress factors responsible for lower efficiency were investigated with various other factors and strategies were discussed which are need to be considered for higher transformation events and target tissue survival.
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Статья научная
In order to investigate the ability of constant temperature and thermoregulation in Apodemus chevrieri, body temperature and rest metabolic rate (RMR) were measured during postnatal development (1~42 day) when the A. chevrieri exposed different ambient temperature. The result showed that: body temperature and RMR of pups in A. chevrieri increased according to the increase of ambient temperature during 1 day to 7 day, showed character of poikilotherms; body temperature of pups were lower in low temperature(5 oC and 10 oC), relatively and RMR significant increased when day age is 14 day, it indicated that the pups showed a certain degree of thermoregulation in this phase. Its thermoregulation ability developed quickly during 7 day to 14 day. RMR of pups was extreme significantly higher in low temperature than that in other temperature when day age was 21 day, it showed that the pups had some thermoregulation to low temperature stimulation. The RMR of pups was showed increasing trend in high temperature(35 oC) when 28 day; when day age was 35 day and 42 day, the thermal neutral zone were 22.5 to 30 oC and approaching its adult level. All of these results indicated that pups of A. chevrieri in the different growing period had different thermogenesis and energy allocation to maintain stable to body temperature, thermogenesis was weaker in the early phase of postnatal development, most of energy is used to its growth. After pups were weaned, the ability of constant temperature and thermoregulation developed quickly to adjust variations of environment during postnatal development.
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Статья научная
In the natural environment, the life activity of organisms takes place under conditions of stable daily, lunar and annual light cycles. However, human activities aimed at creating comfortable conditions for people have resulted in light becoming one of the factors of anthropogenic environmental pollution. Artificial lighting at night can cause physiological and behavioural changes and disturbances in aquatic organisms, affecting their vital functions. Fish are one of the groups of aquatic organisms that are most susceptible to the influence of light at night, largely due to the anatomical structure of their eyes. The aim of this work was to test whether keeping Phoxinus phoxinus (Linnaeus, 1758) under constant light exposure promotes the growth of inflammatory processes in them, and also to study whether lighting at night affects oxygen consumption. Experiments showed that the oxygen consumption of P. phoxinus increased statistically significantly (p = 0.04303) at night with light compared to night without light. In an experiment in which blood cell counts were performed, the results showed a statistically significant increase in leukocytes (p = 0.01506) in the third experimental group of four kept under constant artificial light for 17 days. Based on the results of our study, it has been confirmed that keeping fish under abnormal light conditions, i.e. using different sources of artificial light at night near water bodies, can lead to physiological changes that can have a negative impact on the life of organisms. In fish, the level of oxygen consumption increases, indicating an increase in the level of metabolism, which in turn affects the growth and formation of organisms, causing a decrease in the intensity of various physiological processes such as feeding and reproduction. There is also an increase in the level of leukocytes, which indicates an increase in inflammatory processes in the organisms, which can lead to a decrease in immune function and, as a result, the susceptibility of fish to various diseases.
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Effect of artificial photoperiod on the blood cell indices of the catfish, Clarias batrachus
Статья научная
The present study is aimed to assess the influence of artificial photoperiod on the blood cell indices of an Indian catfish, Clarias batrachus(Linn.). Blood samples taken from adult fishes exposed to artificial photoperiod of 24L:0D and 0L:24D for a short period of 24 hrs, were analyzed for total RBC, total WBC, differential leukocyte count (DLC) and some physiological variables - glucose and chloride. The total RBC and WBC counts were unaffected by both the artificial photoperiod regimes. However, lymphopenia (p
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Effect of biotic stress on vitamins and nutrients of Ficus palmata
Статья научная
Biotic stress mediated effects on amount of tocopherol, ascorbic acid and nutrients like sodium and potassium ion of Ficus palmata were investigated in the current study. Present study revealed that the amount of tocopherol in healthy leaf was greater than diseased leaf. However, the amount of ascorbic acid in disease leaf (0.406±0.0108) was more as compare to healthy leaf (0.447±0.0386) of F. palmata . The amount of tocopherol in healthy leaf was 2.0915±0.4188 and in diseased leaf it was 1.786±0.1383. On the other hand, the amount of sodium in both healthy and diseased leaf was similar (1.333±0.333).The amount of potassium in healthy leaf was more (42.00±2.081) as compared to the diseased leaf (33.33±10.929). Greater the amount of ascorbic acid and tocopherol in plants more will be radicle scavenging activity and also helpful in pharmacological industry, drug production and health care.
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Статья научная
The objectives of the study are to analyze the physiological changes, biochemical alterations and attenuation of nickel toxicity effects in wheat seedlings under combined applications of Ni ions, metal chelators (EDTA/Citric Acid) and metal ions (Zn2+ /Mg2+). Wheat (Triticum aestivum L cv UP262) seedlings were grown hydroponically using different concentrations of Ni up to 7 days along with chelators and metal ions for study. The seedling growth was maximum with NiCl2-Zn2+ (100µM) and minimum with NiCl2-EDTA (100µM) treatments. Total chlorophyll content was maximum in the seedlings treated with NiCl2-Zn2+ (100µM) and minimum in NiCl2-EDTA (100µM) treatments. NiCl2-EDTA (100µM) showed less Fo and Fm values and therefore, a trend in the decrease in OJIP transient indicates the maximum alteration of photochemical activity of PS-II in presence of NiCl2-EDTA (100µM) treatment. Similar observation was found by NiCl2 -EDTA (200µM) treatment where Fo and Fm values were noted to decline. High nickel content in roots of the seedlings was noted as compared to shoots.
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Статья научная
In this work, we studied the influence of cold acclimation (first stage - 8 °С/2 °С for 10 days and second stage - subsequence action of -2 °С for 10 days) and deacclimation (10 °С for 2 days) on the content of soluble carbohydrates and the synthesis of dehydrins in leaves of two variety of winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) that are differed in frost resistance. It is detected that the winter wheat of Irkutskaya variety and Pamyat variety are differed in the dynamics of accumulation and content of dehydrins in leaves. The most frost resistant Irkutskaya is characterized by a higher content of dehydrins in the leaves during acclimation and deacclimation, compared with the less frost resistant Pamyat.
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Статья научная
The aim of the present study was to examine the energy strategy in response to the cold temperature and food shortage. The survival rate, body mass, body fat content, serum leptin levels, basal metabolic rate (BMR) and nonshivering thermogenesis (NST) as well as masses and the morphology of visceral organs and the digestive tract were measured in Eothenomys miletus that was subjected to the cold temperature (5°C) and food restriction (80% of ad libitum food intake). The results showed that body mass, body fat content, serum leptin levels, brown adipose tissue (BAT) mass and dry mass of digestive tract in cold and food restriction group were lower than those in control group. In contrasts, BMR and NST in cold and food restriction group was significantly higher relative to control group. The rate of survival was 18.18% in E. miletus during cold and food restriction after 4 weeks acclimation. In addition, serum leptin levels were positively correlated with body mass and body fat content, and negatively correlated with BMR and NST. These results suggested that E. miletus apply physiological adjustments to adapt cold and food lacking external environment by reducing body mass, body fat content, and increasing energy metabolism. However, energy intake is insufficient to compensate for the increase in energy requirement due to cold, led to body mass decreased and mortality rate increased. Moreover, serum leptin may acts as a fat signals, and may be involved in the regulation of energy balance and body mass in E. miletus under the cold temperature and food restriction.
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Статья научная
Effect of controlled irrigation in physiological and biometric characteristics in teak seedlings is monitored at Forestry College in Kerala, India. Six month old seedlings of Teak (Tectona grandis L. f.) were raised in polybags. Irrigation was done once in a week. Daily evapotranspiration was calculated and treatments IW/ET=1, IW/ET=0.6, IW/ET=0.3 were irrigated with 100, 60 and 30 per cent of cumulative evapotranspiration. A control without irrigation (IW/ET=0) was also maintained. Physiological as well as biometric observations were carried out at regular intervals. Canopy air temperature difference (CATD) was measured using a hand held infrared thermometer and it was observed that seedlings from well watered treatments (IW/ET=1 and 0.6) showed negative CATD whereas treatments IW/ET=0.3 and IW/ET=0 showed positive CATD throughout the growing period. Seedlings in the treatment IW/ET= 0 and 0.3 showed a significant reduction in relative chlorophyll content, seedling height, collar diameter, number of leaves, total dry weight and relative growth rate whereas in IW/ET=1 and 0.6 these parameters were higher and there was no significant difference observed between these two well watered treatment. In the case of root shoot length ratio and root shoot biomass ratio IW/ET=0 was superior over other three treatments.
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Статья научная
The present study was aimed to examine the influence of BRs on seed germination and seedling growth in Gossypium hirsutumL. Var Svpr 2 Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper Var T9. application of BRs on seed germination of Gossypium hirsutum the rate of germination considerably with varied percentage from 60.4 to 99. Vigna mungoseed also showed the varied percentage of germination from 56.8 to 80.1. Both the plants exhibited high percentage of vegetative growth such as shoot length, fresh weight, dry weight and leaf area on 3% of BR supplementation. The amount of chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll increased under BR treatments. Among the concentration, 3% BRs caused maximum effect than the other tested concentrations. High percentage of starch 53% and 31 % was observed in Gossypiumand Vignamungorespectively. The results of the present study shows that 3% BRs promotes the growth rate of Gossypium hirsutumL. Var Svpr 2 and Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper Var. T9. The results of the present study supplemented to the previous observations and practical utilization of the new steroidal group of phytohormones for large scale production of the economically important crops Gossypium hirsutumL. Var Svpr 2 and Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper Var. T9.
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Статья научная
One of the most important environmental stresses is drought that great effect on plant grow and metabolism. In this study, drought stress effect on germination and inorganic elements content in leaves of medical plant Purslane (Portulaca oleraceae L.) were study. This plant as an Antiseptic, Antispasmodic, Diuretic, and Blood Filtering has medical application. Drought stress imposed by polyethylene glycol 6000 on seedlings and experiments in completely random model framework and with 3 replications performed. Drought levels imposed consist of Blank (distilled water), -0/1 -0/2,-0/4,-0/6, -0/8 and -1 MPa. In relation with germination, observed that with increasing of drought level, germination percent was decreased, but this decrement was not meaningful in statistical level of 0/01, which indication of high resistant Purslane than to drought stress in germination stage. But in relation with inorganic elements in Purslane leaves, meaningful increase of Sodium, and meaningful decrement of Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium, Manganese, and Iron content with increase of drought level, was observed (P>0/01). In relation to sodium concentration, the highest content in level of -1 MPa and the least concentration in blank level, was observed.The highest concentration of potassium in -0/2 MPa and the least concentration in -1 MPa, observed. Also, the highest and least concentration of calcium, magnesium, manganese and iron observed in blank level and -1 MPa level, orderly.
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Effect of different soil salinity levels on certain biochemical parameters of kidney bean plants
Статья научная
A pot experiment was designed to find out the effect of various salinity levels (0 - 12 mScm-1) on total chlorophyll contents, nitrate reductase activity, betaine contents and Na+ and K+ contents of Kidney bean plants ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Results revealed that increasing soil salinity brought about marked reduction in total chlorophyll contents, nitrate reductase activity and K+ ion contents. However, Na+ ion contents and betaine contents got increased. Both the genotypes perform well up to 4 mScm-1. At 8 and 12 mScm-1 electrical conductivity levels the behaviour of them was observed significantly antagonistic demonstrating their susceptibility towards saline conditions.
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Effect of drought and salinity stress on calcium oxalate crystals of Portulacaria afra. (L.) Jacq
Статья научная
Oxalic acid (C2H2O4) and Calcium (Ca2+) react to form the salt Calcium oxalate (CaOx), which crystallises into a variety of topologically diverse crystals. CaOx crystals have been found in at least 215 plant groups, which corresponds to numerous species. Crystals can be found in vascular, epidermal, ground, and other tissues in addition to roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds. They develop in crystal idioblasts, specialised cells, in their vacuoles. According to recent studies, CaOx crystals are in fact useful tools that are crucial, especially in stressful conditions. As plants lack an excretory system, the Ca component regulates the cytosolic concentration levels and immobilises excess amounts of this element. Oxalates operate as a dynamic carbon store and set off an alert during photosynthesis, which results in the production of CO2. The article aims to provide readers with a greater understanding of Portulacaria afra's CaOx crystals and the projected crystal disintegration that would liberate carbon and supply the photosynthetic cycles with it as defence against salinity and drought stress.
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Статья научная
Effect of drought stress was investigated at water potentials of-0.2 &-0.4 MPA (by using PEG 6000) on okra germination and seedling growth. In this study, percent germination, average time necessary for germination in day, radical and plumule length, fresh and dry weight of okra seedlings were measured. Effect of ascorbate and salicylic acid and interaction of these tow substances were investigated on germination and seedling growth under normal condition and dry conditions. Drought inhabits from germination and seedling growth in this plant. Ascorbate and salicylic acid increase germination and decrease of average time necessary for germination under drought conditions. The seeds that were treated by ascorbate and salicylic acid, radical and plumule length, fresh and dry weight of radical and plumule were increased. Results showed that ascorbate and salicylic acid decrease effects and damages of drought stresses on okra germination and seedlings growth. In general, adding salicylic acid and ascorbic acid significantly relieved the harsh effects of drought on okra germination and growth parameters and it seems that ascorbate and salicylic acid were able to enhance the tolerant ability of the plant to drought stress.
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Статья научная
Drought is a wide-spread problem seriously influencing wheat production and quality worldwide. We aimed to study adaptive changes in physiological parameters of 6 durum and 7 bread wheat genotypes under drought stress. Water stress caused reduction of leaf gas exchange parameters-photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO 2 concentration, transpiration rate as well leaf area, dry mass, relative water content, and chlorophyll content. Photosynthesis rate, chlorophyll content were higher in flag leaf of bread wheat genotypes. Photosynthesis rate positively correlated with leaf area, dry mass and relative water content.
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Статья научная
Influence of ethanol the end product of alcoholic fermentation on the growth of finger millet (var. GPU-28, CO-9) seedlings of two finger millet was studied as a means of evaluating growth responses under anoxia. The germination was delayed by ethanol treatment in case of both the cultivars. Ethanol treatment affected the growth of both radicle and coleoptile of seedlings. In this respect the radicle growth is more sensitive to ethanol than the coleoptile in both varieties of finger millet. The activities of enzymes nitrate reductase, ATPase, acid phosphatase, amylase were reduced by alcohol treatment in germinating seeds of both the cultivars. However, lower concentration of alcohol (1%) caused stimulation of peroxidase in var. CO-9. In case of var. GPU-28 showed stimulation of enzyme alkaline phosphatase in both concentration of alcohol.
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Effect of exercise on psychological well-being in T2DM
Статья научная
Background: Type 2 diabetic patients (T2DM) experience health problems including psychiatric and psychological complications that influence their general health. Since exercise has an additional effect on psychological improvement, we aimed to establish the role of exercise as improvement of psychological problems. Methods: 80 subjects with T2DM were assigned to take exercise for 90 minutes per session, 3 times a week for a period of 4 months. They answered the GHQ-12 questionnaire before and after the study project. Results: Questionnaires were scored by Likert model and entered the statistical analysis. Our findings demonstrate a significant decrease in the mean GHQ-12 scores. [13.39 ± 5.89 to 8.52 ± 5.12 (p
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