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Статья научная
Study evaluated for two seasons (July 2018 and August 2019), the relationship between fish biometry, fish haematology, serum biochemistry and the environmental conditions in 243 apparently healthy adult African Carp fish (Labeo cubie) sampled from three locations along the Benue River and its adjoining wetlands. Fish length, weight and condition factor differed significantly (p 0.05) between seasons with fish sampled in the raining season being significantly (p 0.05) heavier ( 470 g). The erythrocytes counts, leucocytes count and packed cell volume varied significantly (p 0.05) with sapling sites and season. Serum glucose concentration, transaminases and alkaline phosphatase activity were significantly (p 0.05) higher in the dry season. Total protein, albumin and urea nitrogen concentrations were significantly higher in the raining season. Water temperature, turbidity and electrical conductivity were significantly higher in the dry season and varied significantly between seasons and sampling sites. This is the first study to document the biometry, haematology and serum biochemistry and the physico-chemical parameters of water needed for the culture and management/conservation of L. cubie. This data set could serve, as benchmark for future investigation of the zootechnical requirements for the culture and or management of feral populations of Labeo cubie.
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Статья научная
A positive impact transovarial supply iodine-containing preparation on the physiological and biochemical profile and the quality of day-old chickens egg crossing «Shaver 2000», derived from eggs incubated at high humidity. Effect of the preparation resulted in stimulation of the synthesis of thyroid hormones which determined the more effective implementation of their antioxidant properties as evidenced by a decrease in the intensity of lipid peroxidation. Optimization of physiological and biochemical profile in day-old chicks hatching resulted in an increase in the 8.40% compared with the control. It is also detected synchronization mass withdrawal of young chickens at processing iodine-containing preparation.
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Correlation of serum IgE with stress in Indian dromedaries affected with skin wounds
Статья научная
The present investigation was planned to explore stress induced changes in the levels of IgE by correlating them with the important parameters of stress like cortisol and free radical scavengers in the serum of Indian dromedaries. The mean values of serum IgE and cortisol were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher in wound affected dromedaries than the respective healthy values. A positive significant (p ≤ 0.05) correlation was observed between the values of serum IgE and cortisol. The mean values of serum vitamin C, vitamin E and glutathione decreased whereas of serum catalase, superoxide dismutase, monoamine oxidase, glutathione reductase, xanthine oxidase, oxidase and peroxidase increased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) from their respective healthy mean values. A negative significant (p ≤ 0.05) correlation was observed between the values of serum IgE and vitamin C; serum IgE and vitamin E and serum IgE and glutathione activities. A positive significant (p ≤ 0.05) correlation was observed between the values of serum IgE and catalase; serum IgE and superoxide dismutase; serum IgE and monoamine oxidase; serum IgE and glutathione reductase; serum IgE and xanthine oxidase; serum IgE and oxidase; and serum IgE and peroxidase activities. It was concluded that stress was able to induce marked changes in the levels of IgE in the Indian dromedaries. Wounds altered the immune status as well as levels of cortisol and free radical scavengers in the serum.
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Статья научная
The article describes the effect of soil salinization on the level of correlations between quantitative indicators of photosynthetic pigments in vetch varieties. The objects of the study were the varieties of wiki Mirzachul-1 ( Vicia villosa Roth) and Mirzachul-3 ( Vicia angustifolia . L.). It was found that in highly saline soils, compared with weak ones, the amount of chlorophyll Chl «a» in the Mirzachul-1 variety decreased by 308 mg/g, the amount of chlorophyll Chl «b» and carotenoids (Car) increased by 0.11214 and 0.1300 mg/g.There was a strong positive correlation between Chl «a» and Chl «b» in all variants of the study. The similarity of correlation matrices is studied. At the same time, the similarity of correlation matrices between weakly and strongly saline soils was noted in the Mirzachul-1 variety by more than 90%, in the Mirzachul-3 variety by 69.1%. This indicates that the Mirzachul-1 varieties are stable in terms of the level of correlations according to the studied characteristics, which indicates a tendency to soil salinization.
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Critical Growth Stage of Weed Removal in Cowpea under Water Stress
Статья научная
This study aimed at investigating the critical growth stage of weed removal in cowpea in order to prevent unacceptable yield loss during water deficit. The study was carried out under a screenhouse to minimize extraneous factors such as pests and rodents using a complete randomized design (CRD) with five replicates. Seeds of cowpea and early germinating seedlings of Tridax procumbens and Chromolaena odorata were used for this study and were stressed for five days. Samplings were carried out at vegetative, flowering and fruiting stage. Growth indices such as relative growth rate, net assimilation rate, leaf area ratio and tissue water of contents of cowpea were determined from plant biomass. The photosynthetic pigments were determined spectrophotometrically at different stages of growth. Weed interference index such as relative crowding coefficient and land equivalents ratio were also determined from the plant biomass. The results indicated that the growth indices of cowpea interfered by Chromolaena odorata and Tridax procumbens were greatly reduced at flowering stage compared with the growth indices at vegetative and fruiting stage. Photosynthetic pigments such as chlororphyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids and total chlorophyll of cowpea as interfered by Chromolaena odorata and Tridax procumbens were also lowest at flowering stage. Interference index of cowpea were lowest at flowering stage as to the vegetative and fruiting stage of cowpea. There was significant difference in the growth indices, photosynthetic pigments accumulation and interference index of at the different growth stages of cowpea at p≤0.05. From the results obtained, flowering stage is the most critical period of growth stage to remove weed in cowpea under water stress in order to prevent an unacceptable yield loss.
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Crude oil-polluted soil induces ultrastructural and enzyme activity changes in the shoot of lentil
Статья научная
Plants are always under threat due to various biotic and abiotic stresses. They respond to such threats by an efficient antioxidative enzyme system such as catalase. The presence of petroleum in soil is a stressful environmental factor for plants. In this study, cellular and biochemical changes were investigated in the shoot of lentil grown in the crude oil-polluted soil. Transmission electron microscope micrographs showed various injuries in the level of subcellular content including nucleus, chloroplast and mitochondria. In the treated samples, catalase activity and its kinetics factors (Vmax and Km) were different from the control. In the treated, Km of the enzyme was lower than that of the control. Temperature and pH profiles of the enzyme were different in the control and treated samples. Catalase purification in both treated and control samples showed that two catalase isoforms were expressed in the treated sample in comparison to the control, in which only one type of catalase was detected.
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Cu and Zn tolerance and responses of the biochemical and physiochemical system of wheat
Статья научная
The concentrations of heavy metals such as Zinc and copper in the environment are currently increasing, due mainly to human activities. Zinc and copper are essential elements for several biochemical processes in plants. Any of these metals, at high concentrations in soil, can cause severe damage to physiological and biochemical activities of plants. Plant growth, pigment concentration, biochemical parameters, uptake of heavy metals were investigated in 30-days old wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in response to Cu and Zn stress. The plant exhibited a decline in growth, chlorophyll content, protein and DNA, RNA content carbohydrate, but proline, total phenol and H2O2 content increased at high concentration of Cu and Zn.
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Curcumin: a modulator of mammary malignancies
Статья обзорная
Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths among females and accounts for around 25% of all female melanomas worldwide with increasing incidence every day. Among various natural phytochemicals studied against breast cancer, curcumin has been found to possess antioxidative properties with established safety record. Curcumin is a pleiotropic molecule possessing chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic properties. Curcumin arrests cancer formation at various stages ranging from transformation, proliferation as well as invasion. Transformation is arrested by constitutive de-activation of transcription factors like STAT 3, AP-1, NF-kB. Curcumin controls the expressions of oncogenes, growth factor like EGF, PGDF, FGF, decoy receptors, cyclin D1, survival factors that are important for tumoral cell proliferation. Curcumin successfully inhibits tumor metastasis by supressing the expression of matrix metalloproteinase, COX 2, adhesion molecules, Chemokines and TNF. Curcumin has revealed anticancerous effects in synergism with various compounds like piperine, genistein, mitomycin C, phosphatidicholine, monomethoxy polyethylene glycol, epigallocatechin gallate and metformin. Recent studies have attempted to study the efficacy of curcumin loaded nanoparticles as drug delivery system. This paper attempts to review the work on antitumoral effects of curcumin against breast cancer, underlying mechanisms and proposes further investigations that are needed for rational cancer therapy.
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Cytokinins, a classical multifaceted hormone in plant system
Статья научная
Today, owing to the versatile functionality and physiological importance of the phytohormone cytokinin (Ck) is a major focus of attention in contemporary wide areas of plant science. Cytokinins (Cks) have implicated in diverse essential processes of plant growth and development as well as in regulation of key genes responsible for the metabolism and activities of plants. Cytokinin interact in a complex manner to control a myriad of aspects related to growth, development and differentiation and its deficiency also causes pleiotropic developmental changes such as reduced shoot and increased root growth. Cytokinin signaling involves His Kinase receptors that perceive cytokinin and transmit the signal via a multi-step phosphorelay similar to bacterial two-component signaling system. Also, this review present a scheme for homeostatic regulation of endogenous cytokinins level in terms of the described mechanism of cytokinin action including its receptors and steps involved in regulation of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level and its role in whole plant as well as cell division. In addition, we also demonstrate a wide variety of biological effects including those on gene expression, inhibition of auxin action, stimulation of cell cycle etc.
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Decrypting the Effects of Starvation and Excess of Nitrogen and Phosphorus on Nostoc calcicola
Статья научная
The physiological and biochemical behaviour of marine cyanobacterium (Nostoc calcicola) grown under starved and double the strength of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) was studied. Culture grew in an Artificial Sea Nutrient III culture medium with five different concentrations of N and P, i.e., double the concentration of N (DN) or P (DP), starvation of nitrogen, (-)N and phosphorus, (-)P and combine deprivation of both nitrogen and phosphorus, (-)NP along with control. Growth rate and photosynthetic efficiency decreased under P starved condition alone, and combined starvation of N and P. Oxidative, and physiological stress was evidenced by increased ROS, MDA, and proline content level under starved conditions. Elevated activity of Ascorbic acid, SOD, CAT, and APX were also detected. In contrast, an increase in the growth rate and Fv/Fm ratio, along with low oxidative, osmotic stress, and antioxidant activity, was observed under double the strength of nitrogen and phosphorous. Our work demonstrated that P starvation alone and combine starvation of N and P affected the growth of N. calcicola, maybe due to oxidative damage (increased lipid peroxidation and carbonyl content). In contrast to nutrient-starved conditions, the growth rate of N. calcicola enhanced under DN and DP, followed by (-) N.
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Статья научная
The present investigation was carried out in adult female Marwari sheep to evaluate the dehydration stress associated variations in rectal temperature, pulse and respiration rate. The whole experiment was divided into control, thirst and drinking periods. The thirst period was of 5 days to find out the dehydration stress. The control mean values of rectal temperature ( oF), pulse rate (min -1) and respiration rate (min -1) were 101.1 ± 0.198, 65.667 ± 2.028 and 25.167 ± 1.515 in the morning and 101.567 ± 0.174, 71.333 ± 1.229 and 27.833 ± 1.83 in the evening, respectively. With the advancement of thirst period the mean values of rectal temperature and pulse rate gradually increased while that of respiration rate increased first and then decreased. After drinking the mean values gradually decreased and on hour 72 of drinking, they differed non significantly (P>0.05) from their respective control values. Changes in rectal temperature, pulse rate and respiration rate indicated the adaptability of the animals to increased thirst periods. Dehydration due to thirst period provoked physiological mechanisms in the body in a manner that helped the animals to survive. Although dehydration was a stress to the animals, but the changes brought about by five days of dehydration were reversible.
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Dependence of guaiacol peroxidase activity on ph in officinal plant leaves
Статья научная
For the first time, the guaiacol peroxidase activity have been studied by different pH in lamina of Achillea asiatica Serg., Veronica chamaedrys L., Taraxacum officinale Wigg., Alchemilla subcrenata Buser.
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Статья научная
Ulva lactuca (Chlorophyta) green macroalgae has been successfully used as bioindicator for heavy metals pollution in ecosystems. Random amplified microsatellite polymorphism (RAMP) marker was employed to investigate genetic DNA pattern variability in green U. lactuca 5 days after exposure to Cu, Pb, Cd and Zn heavy metals stress. Genomic template stability (GTS%) value was employed as a qualitative DNA changes measurement based on RAMP technique. In this respect, estimated GTS% value was recorded to be 65.215, 64.630, 59.835 and 59.250% for Pb, Cu, Cd and Zn treatment, respectively. Moreover, genetic similarity (GS) induced by the above heavy metals was also evaluated to measure genetic distance between algae treated plants and their respective control. In this respect, estimated GS values generated by RAMP marker ranged between 0.576 (between control and Zn treatment) - 0.969 (for both case; between Pb and Cu and between Cd and Zn treatment) with an average of 0.842. Based upon data presented herein based on variant bands number (VB), GTS% and GS values; the present study could be suggested that Pb and Cu followed similar tendency at genomic DNA changes. Similar finding was also observed with Cd and Zn ions. Thereby, RAMP marker successfully highlighted DNA change patterns induced by heavy metals stress.
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Статья научная
Pepper (Capsicum spp.) growth and yield are reduced because of its susceptibility to water shortage which may be improved by application of potassium salts. Effects of concentrations of K2SO4 and KNO3 on growth and some yield parameters of C. annuum L. and C. chinense L. under artificially initiated drought were studied. Growth parameters like fresh and dry weights, Leaf Area Ratio, Leaf Weight Ratio, Relative Growth Rate and Net Assimilation Rate were determined at harvest. Yield parameters like number of flowers, number of fruit, fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit fresh weight and fruit dry weight were determined. There was a significant interaction of salt types, water levels and pepper types on all the growth, yield and biomass parameters studied.
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Статья научная
In the present study, Labeo rohita were exposed to carbosulfan for 96 h. Experimental fishes which measured an average length of 6±7 cm and weighed 6.5±7.5g. Nine groups with three replicates of experimental fish were exposed to seven concentrations of carbosulfan. The containers used for the test media of 15 L capacity, filled with dechlorinated water. Where maximum 10 fishes were used in our experiments for each concentration, 10 fishes were also maintained in separate container along with experimental groups, served as control. The median lethal concentrations (LC 50) of carbosulfan for 96 h were 1.2mg/l, respectively. In addition, to dose and dose-time dependent increase in mortality rate, the behavioral changes of L. rohita at different concentrations of carbosulfan were determined. Physiological responses like rapid opercular movement, hyper secretion of mucus and frequent gulping of air was observed during the initial stages of exposure after which it became occasional. The unusual behaviour of the fish L. rohita in stress condition may be due to obstructed functions of neurotransmitters. All these observations can be considered to monitor the quality of aquatic ecosystem and severity of pollution. In conclusion, carbosulfan was moderately toxic to freshwater fish L. rohita
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Determination of pesticide residues in freshwater fish tissues by gas liquid chromatography
Статья научная
In this present study, identification and quantification pesticide residues in freshwater fish Labeo rohita . Gas Liquid chromatography (GLC) method is successfully developed for the determination of profenofos residues. The fish were exposed to 1/10th sublethal concentration of profenofos 10 µg/L-1 for 15 days. After the exposure fish was sacrifice and organs like Gil, Liver, Kidney, and Muscle were separated, the fish samples were extracted with n-Hexane, cleaned up and purified through solid-phase extraction method. The residues are in the following order, Gill > Muscle > Kidney > Liver, these results suggest that prolonged exposure to sublethal concentrations of profenofos in Labeo rohita leads to increased accumulation of pesticide residues in tissues.
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Статья научная
Diabetes mellitus is a group of chronic metabolic disease characterized by elevated level of glucose in blood. It is expected that by the year 2030, the number of diabetes will rise up to 439 million, and greater than 90% have type 2 diabetes. In vitro antidiabetic potential of ethanol extract of Parmelia perlata Ach. (EEPP) was determined by evaluating the inhibitory enzymes of α- amylase, sucrase and α- glucosidase. Glucose adsorption, diffusion, glucose uptake by yeast cell and non-enzymatic glycation parameters were also studied. Cytotoxic assay and glucose uptake assay were carried out in 3T3L1 cell line. Ethanolic extract of Parmelia perlata Ach. showed dose dependent effect on inhibition of sucrase, α- amylase and α- glucosidase. Results for glucose bounding capacity, glucose diffusion, glucose uptake by yeast cell and non- enzymatic glycation were also promising. In vitro studies in 3T3L1 preadipocyte cell line showed effective non cytotoxicity and enhanced glucose uptake. From the data of the experiment it was evident that EEPP might be a potent natural drug source for treating diabetes mellitus.
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Статья научная
Wagatea spicata (Dalzell) Wight [Moullava spicata (Dalzell) Nicolson] exhibits a diverse concentration of biologically active constituents such as Lupeol, Bergenin, Stigmasterol, Friedelin, n-Hexadecanoic acid, Palmitic acid, Gamma sitosterol,13docosenamide, squalene and n-Tetracosanol-1. Present work focuses on development and validation of a precise, accurate and reproducible HPLC method for simultaneous quantification of three pharmacologically active phytochemical markers 13docosenamide, squalene and n-Tetracosanol-1 from the aerial parts of Wagatea spicata.
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