Статьи журнала - Журнал стресс-физиологии и биохимии
Все статьи: 1049
Curcumin: a modulator of mammary malignancies
Статья обзорная
Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths among females and accounts for around 25% of all female melanomas worldwide with increasing incidence every day. Among various natural phytochemicals studied against breast cancer, curcumin has been found to possess antioxidative properties with established safety record. Curcumin is a pleiotropic molecule possessing chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic properties. Curcumin arrests cancer formation at various stages ranging from transformation, proliferation as well as invasion. Transformation is arrested by constitutive de-activation of transcription factors like STAT 3, AP-1, NF-kB. Curcumin controls the expressions of oncogenes, growth factor like EGF, PGDF, FGF, decoy receptors, cyclin D1, survival factors that are important for tumoral cell proliferation. Curcumin successfully inhibits tumor metastasis by supressing the expression of matrix metalloproteinase, COX 2, adhesion molecules, Chemokines and TNF. Curcumin has revealed anticancerous effects in synergism with various compounds like piperine, genistein, mitomycin C, phosphatidicholine, monomethoxy polyethylene glycol, epigallocatechin gallate and metformin. Recent studies have attempted to study the efficacy of curcumin loaded nanoparticles as drug delivery system. This paper attempts to review the work on antitumoral effects of curcumin against breast cancer, underlying mechanisms and proposes further investigations that are needed for rational cancer therapy.
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Cyclophosphamide-induced nephrotoxicity: a mini-review
Статья научная
Cyclophosphamide (CP) is a widely used alkylating chemotherapeutic and immunosuppressive drug for treating malignancies, autoimmune disorders, and renal diseases. However, its clinical use is limited by nephrotoxicity caused by toxic metabolites such as phosphoramide mustard and acrolein. These metabolites induce oxidative stress, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis in renal tissues. CP administration results in elevated renal biomarkers including serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, cystatin-C, KIM-1, and NGAL, along with severe histopathological damage. Activation of inflammatory cytokines and NF-κB pathways further aggravates renal injury. Various antioxidants and pharmacological agents have shown potential renoprotective effects.
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Cyclophosphamide-induced splenic toxicity: a mini-review
Статья научная
Cyclophosphamide is a chemotherapeutic and immunosuppressive agent, widely used all over the world. However, it causes severe splenic toxicity. This review is a summary of experiments which show that cyclophosphamide can lead to spleen weight loss, decreased splenic cellularity, lower number of lymphocyte population, and disorganizing of red and white pulp areas of the spleen. Moreover, lymphoid depletion, loss of pulp demarcation, sinusoidal dilation, congestion, and hemosiderin deposition as histopathological changes are frequently reported by authors. Besides, this review points out the immunological impacts, such as a decrease in the humoral as well as cellular immune responses. Most importantly, a number of natural products and antioxidants have demonstrated the ability to protect and restore the immunity when used in the treatment of cyclophosphamide-induced splenic damage. In general, the results of the studies show that the spleen is one of the main organs affected by cyclophosphamide, and encourage the use of protective therapies alongside treatments.
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Cytokinins, a classical multifaceted hormone in plant system
Статья научная
Today, owing to the versatile functionality and physiological importance of the phytohormone cytokinin (Ck) is a major focus of attention in contemporary wide areas of plant science. Cytokinins (Cks) have implicated in diverse essential processes of plant growth and development as well as in regulation of key genes responsible for the metabolism and activities of plants. Cytokinin interact in a complex manner to control a myriad of aspects related to growth, development and differentiation and its deficiency also causes pleiotropic developmental changes such as reduced shoot and increased root growth. Cytokinin signaling involves His Kinase receptors that perceive cytokinin and transmit the signal via a multi-step phosphorelay similar to bacterial two-component signaling system. Also, this review present a scheme for homeostatic regulation of endogenous cytokinins level in terms of the described mechanism of cytokinin action including its receptors and steps involved in regulation of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level and its role in whole plant as well as cell division. In addition, we also demonstrate a wide variety of biological effects including those on gene expression, inhibition of auxin action, stimulation of cell cycle etc.
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Статья научная
Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.,), is an important subsistence oil yielding crop of the semi-arid tropics and often exposed to several environmental cues (high temperature, drought & heavy metal). The WRKY transcription factor (TF) is one of the master regulator, and play vital role in stress responses. However, far less information is available on functional characterization and tolerance mechanism of stress responsive WRKY genes in Groundnut till date. In this study, a comprehensive phylogenetic, protein features, gene structure and motif analysis of WRKY TF gene family was carried out. In addition, we conducted expression profiling of 10 WRKY genes under high temperature, drought and heavy metal (CdCl2). Majority of the AhWRKYs were clustered and share close relationship with Arabidopsis and Glycine max . RT-qPCR analysis of AhWRKY genes revealed that differential expression either in their transcript abundance or in their expression patterns in response to at least one abiotic stress. Of the 10 WRKY genes, AhWRKY41 level was found to be maximum in all the stress conditions . On other hand, AhWRKY20 and AhWRKY22 levels were decreased. The N-terminal of AhWRKY41 showed transcriptional activation in yeast cells. Higher levels of proline content and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD), but reduced malondialdehyde (MDA), and H2O2 levels were observed in all the stress conditions. The obtained data demonstrate that AhWRKY41 may act as a positive regulator in drought/ high temperature/heavy metal and would exhibit stress tolerance mechanism by activation of stress-associated gene expression by ABA mediated cellular antioxidant systems.
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Decrypting the Effects of Starvation and Excess of Nitrogen and Phosphorus on Nostoc calcicola
Статья научная
The physiological and biochemical behaviour of marine cyanobacterium (Nostoc calcicola) grown under starved and double the strength of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) was studied. Culture grew in an Artificial Sea Nutrient III culture medium with five different concentrations of N and P, i.e., double the concentration of N (DN) or P (DP), starvation of nitrogen, (-)N and phosphorus, (-)P and combine deprivation of both nitrogen and phosphorus, (-)NP along with control. Growth rate and photosynthetic efficiency decreased under P starved condition alone, and combined starvation of N and P. Oxidative, and physiological stress was evidenced by increased ROS, MDA, and proline content level under starved conditions. Elevated activity of Ascorbic acid, SOD, CAT, and APX were also detected. In contrast, an increase in the growth rate and Fv/Fm ratio, along with low oxidative, osmotic stress, and antioxidant activity, was observed under double the strength of nitrogen and phosphorous. Our work demonstrated that P starvation alone and combine starvation of N and P affected the growth of N. calcicola, maybe due to oxidative damage (increased lipid peroxidation and carbonyl content). In contrast to nutrient-starved conditions, the growth rate of N. calcicola enhanced under DN and DP, followed by (-) N.
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Статья научная
The present investigation was carried out in adult female Marwari sheep to evaluate the dehydration stress associated variations in rectal temperature, pulse and respiration rate. The whole experiment was divided into control, thirst and drinking periods. The thirst period was of 5 days to find out the dehydration stress. The control mean values of rectal temperature ( oF), pulse rate (min -1) and respiration rate (min -1) were 101.1 ± 0.198, 65.667 ± 2.028 and 25.167 ± 1.515 in the morning and 101.567 ± 0.174, 71.333 ± 1.229 and 27.833 ± 1.83 in the evening, respectively. With the advancement of thirst period the mean values of rectal temperature and pulse rate gradually increased while that of respiration rate increased first and then decreased. After drinking the mean values gradually decreased and on hour 72 of drinking, they differed non significantly (P>0.05) from their respective control values. Changes in rectal temperature, pulse rate and respiration rate indicated the adaptability of the animals to increased thirst periods. Dehydration due to thirst period provoked physiological mechanisms in the body in a manner that helped the animals to survive. Although dehydration was a stress to the animals, but the changes brought about by five days of dehydration were reversible.
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Dependence of guaiacol peroxidase activity on ph in officinal plant leaves
Статья научная
For the first time, the guaiacol peroxidase activity have been studied by different pH in lamina of Achillea asiatica Serg., Veronica chamaedrys L., Taraxacum officinale Wigg., Alchemilla subcrenata Buser.
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Статья научная
Ulva lactuca (Chlorophyta) green macroalgae has been successfully used as bioindicator for heavy metals pollution in ecosystems. Random amplified microsatellite polymorphism (RAMP) marker was employed to investigate genetic DNA pattern variability in green U. lactuca 5 days after exposure to Cu, Pb, Cd and Zn heavy metals stress. Genomic template stability (GTS%) value was employed as a qualitative DNA changes measurement based on RAMP technique. In this respect, estimated GTS% value was recorded to be 65.215, 64.630, 59.835 and 59.250% for Pb, Cu, Cd and Zn treatment, respectively. Moreover, genetic similarity (GS) induced by the above heavy metals was also evaluated to measure genetic distance between algae treated plants and their respective control. In this respect, estimated GS values generated by RAMP marker ranged between 0.576 (between control and Zn treatment) - 0.969 (for both case; between Pb and Cu and between Cd and Zn treatment) with an average of 0.842. Based upon data presented herein based on variant bands number (VB), GTS% and GS values; the present study could be suggested that Pb and Cu followed similar tendency at genomic DNA changes. Similar finding was also observed with Cd and Zn ions. Thereby, RAMP marker successfully highlighted DNA change patterns induced by heavy metals stress.
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Статья научная
Pepper (Capsicum spp.) growth and yield are reduced because of its susceptibility to water shortage which may be improved by application of potassium salts. Effects of concentrations of K2SO4 and KNO3 on growth and some yield parameters of C. annuum L. and C. chinense L. under artificially initiated drought were studied. Growth parameters like fresh and dry weights, Leaf Area Ratio, Leaf Weight Ratio, Relative Growth Rate and Net Assimilation Rate were determined at harvest. Yield parameters like number of flowers, number of fruit, fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit fresh weight and fruit dry weight were determined. There was a significant interaction of salt types, water levels and pepper types on all the growth, yield and biomass parameters studied.
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Статья научная
In the present study, Labeo rohita were exposed to carbosulfan for 96 h. Experimental fishes which measured an average length of 6±7 cm and weighed 6.5±7.5g. Nine groups with three replicates of experimental fish were exposed to seven concentrations of carbosulfan. The containers used for the test media of 15 L capacity, filled with dechlorinated water. Where maximum 10 fishes were used in our experiments for each concentration, 10 fishes were also maintained in separate container along with experimental groups, served as control. The median lethal concentrations (LC 50) of carbosulfan for 96 h were 1.2mg/l, respectively. In addition, to dose and dose-time dependent increase in mortality rate, the behavioral changes of L. rohita at different concentrations of carbosulfan were determined. Physiological responses like rapid opercular movement, hyper secretion of mucus and frequent gulping of air was observed during the initial stages of exposure after which it became occasional. The unusual behaviour of the fish L. rohita in stress condition may be due to obstructed functions of neurotransmitters. All these observations can be considered to monitor the quality of aquatic ecosystem and severity of pollution. In conclusion, carbosulfan was moderately toxic to freshwater fish L. rohita
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Статья научная
Acute lethality usually determined as LD50 is defined as median dose predicted to kill 50 percent of a given test population. LD50 is a statistical estimate of the number of milligram of toxicant per kilo gram of body weight administered by any of the methods like oral, dermal, inhalation, or intravenous and is sufficient to kill 50 percent of the large population of test animals usually within certain time. Determination of LD50 has always been a much controversial subject among biologists and animal ethicists due to painful treatments on large number of animals. However, to assess the toxicity of various chemicals on different organisms Median lethal dose is still being used by toxicologists to determine acute lethality to non-target organisms. In the present study we aimed to determine the LD50 of two carbamate insecticides bendiocarb and carbaryl on a non-target species Calotes versicolor a reptilian model. An approximate LD50 was initially determined as a pilot study by a so called ‘staircase method’ using only 2 animals (for each dose) and increasing the doses of the drug. Five doses 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 mg/kg body weight for bendiocarb and 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 mg/kg body weight for carbaryl were chosen for determination of LD50 starting from no death to 100% mortality. Intraperitoneal LD50 value calculated by regression analysis is 15.57 and 64.97 mg/kg body weight for bendiocarb and carbaryl respectively in male Calotes versicolor. The result confirms that bendiocarb is more potent than carbaryl in Calotes suggesting that bendiocarb may cause death even at smaller doses in comparison to carbaryl. Our results will help in adding to the fact sheet related to carbamate toxicity in reptiles.
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Determination of pesticide residues in freshwater fish tissues by gas liquid chromatography
Статья научная
In this present study, identification and quantification pesticide residues in freshwater fish Labeo rohita . Gas Liquid chromatography (GLC) method is successfully developed for the determination of profenofos residues. The fish were exposed to 1/10th sublethal concentration of profenofos 10 µg/L-1 for 15 days. After the exposure fish was sacrifice and organs like Gil, Liver, Kidney, and Muscle were separated, the fish samples were extracted with n-Hexane, cleaned up and purified through solid-phase extraction method. The residues are in the following order, Gill > Muscle > Kidney > Liver, these results suggest that prolonged exposure to sublethal concentrations of profenofos in Labeo rohita leads to increased accumulation of pesticide residues in tissues.
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Статья научная
Diabetes mellitus is a group of chronic metabolic disease characterized by elevated level of glucose in blood. It is expected that by the year 2030, the number of diabetes will rise up to 439 million, and greater than 90% have type 2 diabetes. In vitro antidiabetic potential of ethanol extract of Parmelia perlata Ach. (EEPP) was determined by evaluating the inhibitory enzymes of α- amylase, sucrase and α- glucosidase. Glucose adsorption, diffusion, glucose uptake by yeast cell and non-enzymatic glycation parameters were also studied. Cytotoxic assay and glucose uptake assay were carried out in 3T3L1 cell line. Ethanolic extract of Parmelia perlata Ach. showed dose dependent effect on inhibition of sucrase, α- amylase and α- glucosidase. Results for glucose bounding capacity, glucose diffusion, glucose uptake by yeast cell and non- enzymatic glycation were also promising. In vitro studies in 3T3L1 preadipocyte cell line showed effective non cytotoxicity and enhanced glucose uptake. From the data of the experiment it was evident that EEPP might be a potent natural drug source for treating diabetes mellitus.
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Determining legume plants that tolerate dryness and grow in dry lateritic soil
Статья научная
In arid regions, productivity is restricted by an abundance of water. The objective of the research is to screen of suitability of some legume plants in the dry laterite soil of Purulia and adjoining districts in West Bengal, India. Seedlings (25 days old) of Acacia mangium Willd., Albizia procera (Roxb.) Benth, Bauhinia acuminata Linn. of the family Leguminosae (Fabaceae) is subject to PEG- induced water stress (- 0.5 and -1.0 MPa) to assess their relative water content and the contents of chlorophyll, protein, soluble sugars and proline in leaves as well as activities of enzymes catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase (SOD). In leaves of the seedlings, chlorophyll and protein contents decline with increasing levels of PEG-induced water stress in the case of all species whereas the amount of soluble sugar and proline content increases in all species with increasing levels of water stress. The enzyme activity of catalase, peroxidase and SOD decreased with increased level of water stress. Such decline in the activity of these enzymes was least in B. acuminata . Apparently, B. acuminata is potentially most tolerant to water stress among the plants studied.
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Статья научная
Wagatea spicata (Dalzell) Wight [Moullava spicata (Dalzell) Nicolson] exhibits a diverse concentration of biologically active constituents such as Lupeol, Bergenin, Stigmasterol, Friedelin, n-Hexadecanoic acid, Palmitic acid, Gamma sitosterol,13docosenamide, squalene and n-Tetracosanol-1. Present work focuses on development and validation of a precise, accurate and reproducible HPLC method for simultaneous quantification of three pharmacologically active phytochemical markers 13docosenamide, squalene and n-Tetracosanol-1 from the aerial parts of Wagatea spicata.
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Статья научная
Cochliobolus sativus and Pyrenophora teres f. sp. maculata, are economically important barley pathogens worldwide. Although they are very different in vegetative and reproductive forms, their spot blotch symptoms are quite similar, so the question is whether barley reacts to the disease similarly. Phenylpropane metabolic pathway plays a crucial role in plant responses to fungal diseases. In the present work, expression of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) gene was monitored in susceptible barley genotype at early time points of infection using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Data displayed significant variance in PAL expression between barley C. sativus and P. teres interactions as compared to the non-infected controls. It is remarkable that PAL expression and spot severity were higher and faster in plants infected with C. sativus as compared with those infected with P. teres during the infection process, with a maximum PAL expression (3.55 and 1.43-fold) respectively, at 96h post infection. This indicates that the severity of spot blotch symptoms seems to be associated with the degree of gene expression that will require further investigation. This work may provide useful information regarding barley reaction to two foliar pathogens causing similar disease symptoms.
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Статья научная
The present study was intended to reveal the differential isoesterase expression in leaves and roots of Vigna unguiculata L. in response to saline stress. Influence of NaCl (0, 3, 5, 7 and10 %) on seedlings of Vigna unguiculata L. was analyzed. The seedlings were grown in the centre for a period of 30 days. The randomly collected whole plants were used as a source for isoesterase isolation. The seedlings showed the maximum tolerance up to 10% of NaCl. The Poly acrylamide gel electrophoresis was performed by Anbalagan method. The staining and fixation of the enzyme was performed by the Sadasivam and Manickam method. Seedlings treated with various concentrations of NaCl showed different banding profile based on the concentration (0-10%) and duration (5-30 days) of salt treatment as follows: 32 bands with five active regions, 56 bands with eight active regions, 102 bands with eight active regions, 47 bands with seven active regions, 64 bands with nine active regions and 84 bands with nine active regions on 5th, 10th, 15th, 20th, 25th and 30th day respectively. The changing pattern of isozymes during development may be interpreted as evidence for differential timing of gene expression correlated with the physiological stress. The results of the present study concluded that the isoesterase patterns could serve as a useful biochemical marker of salinity.
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