Статьи журнала - Журнал стресс-физиологии и биохимии
Все статьи: 923
Evaluation of water stress tolerance in advanced breeding lines of durum and bread wheat using 13C
Статья научная
Dry matter (DM), nitrogen uptake (TN) along with water (WUE) and nitrogen (15NUE) use efficiencies in twelve advanced breeding lines (ACSAD) and two varieties (Cham1&6) of durum (DW) and bread (BW) wheat grown under well water (I1) and water stress conditions (I2) were evaluated using 15N and Δ13C. Water stress decreased Δ13C in all studied genotypes. The extent of the decrease in Δ by stress was relatively higher in BW (-1.08‰) than DW (-0.8‰). Cham1 (DW) exhibited the highest DM, TN, NUE, WUE and Δ13C values under I1, indicating its suitability to be grown under irrigated conditions. However, ACSAD1261 (DW) seemed to be a promising line to be grown in semi arid areas due to higher values in the aforementioned criteria under I2. For BW, the highest DM of ACSAD59 under I1 may suggest its suitability to be grown under well irrigated conditions. However, DM of ACSAD883 and 1115 were not affected by watering regime. Additionally, due to the high DM of Cham6 and ACSAD1135 in both watering regimes, and because of the decrease in Δ13C values under stress, it can be suggested that they could be suitable for both irrigated and water stress conditions. Since Δ13C values were affected by wheat genotype and watering regime as a result of the effects on the balance between stomatal conductance and carboxilation, it cannot be relied, completely, upon this technique to select drought tolerant genotypes. Therefore, we suggest that using Δ13C along with agro-physiological parameters are better selection criteria for water stress tolerance in breeding programs than when used separately.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
One of the most important limiting factors in spread of apricot in Iran is late spring frost, which damages flower bud and decrease total yield of crop. It has been found that ascorbic acid (AA) plays a beneficial role during plant response to chilling and freezing stresses. To evaluate the effects of AA on alleviating of cold stress, the flower buds of Prunus armeniaca L. cv. Shahroudi were sprayed at pink cluster stage with AS at 4 levels (0, 100, 200 and 300 mg. L -1) and were then exposed to artificial cold stress (4 h at – 4 °C) or without cold stress (+ 25°C). Experimental attributes including electrolyte leakage (EL) of flower buds and percentage of damage of pistil, anthers and petals to temperature treatments were determined. The results showed that at - 4°C the lowest and highest percentage of damage and EL of flower buds were observed in application of 200 and 0 mg.L -1 AA, respectively. The highest and lowest percentage of damage of flower organs and EL were obtained in application of 300 and 200 mg. L -1 AA, respectively at + 25 °C. Based on the results of this experiment, AA alleviates the negative effect of cold stress on EL and flower organ damages in apricot cv. Shahroudi, depending on the concentrations of AA used.
Бесплатно
Exogenous application of growth regulators in snap bean under water and salinity stress
Статья научная
Salinity and moisture limiting crop productivity due an imbalance between concentrations of auxins, gibberellins, cytokinin, ABA and ethylene. applications of growth regulators to alleviate salinity stress can be an economic and safe alternative to environment. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of salinity (0, 1000 and 2000 ppm of NaCl), soil moisture (30 and 60%) and exogenous application of growth regulators (control, 5 mL L-1 at the Beginning of flowering and 5 mL L-1 in vegetative stage - Beginning of flowering) and the combinations of three factors in snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Concentrations of 2000 ppm reduced biomass and pod production in 35.5 and 45%, respectively. The humidity had no effects in biomass production and pod number. With the application of growth regulators in the vegetative stage - beginning of flowering, the weight and number of pods were increased. The greater biomass and yield was observed with 0 ppm, 60humidity and application of growth regulators in the beginning of flowering. However, with: 1000 ppm, 30% of humidity and application in B. flowering, the biomass production was statistically similar. Our conclusion suggests that the application of growth regulators can be economical and easily applicable for farmers.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
Introduction: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs which regulate gene expression by cleavage or repression of target genes at post-transcriptional level by translational inhibition/ mRNA degradation. Niger (Guizotia abyssinica) is an important oilseed crop widely grown in India. Identification and expression of non-coding RNAs during abiotic remains unclear till date. Methodology: Small RNA library was constructed by high throughput sequencing from control and stress tissues. Target genes of identified miRNAs were predicted using psRNATarget and their GO terms were annotated. The results were validated using RT-qPCR.
Бесплатно
Exploring the role of high-temperature stress on medicinal plants: a review
Статья обзорная
The earth is becoming warmer day by day, consistent with the study earth's temperature has ascended to 0.74 °C and is close to increasing from 1.8° C to 4° C by 2100. Worldwide heating is anticipating endure a typically terrible impact on plant ontogenesis. Plants' diversity and productivity are adversely suffering from abiotic ecological factors. Thermal stress is now becoming the main concern for plants everywhere. The growing risk of climatological extremes, such as very excessive temperatures, might result in a catastrophic lack of crop productiveness and bring about extensive famine. Within the boom situation of plant life, several secondary metabolites are produced with the aid of them to serve a ramification of cell capabilities vital for physiological approaches. In developing nations, aromatic and medicinal vegetation is still utilizing in conventional and alternative drug treatments. In India, medicinal vegetation is being used in conventional medication to treat diverse illnesses. Within the past years, numerous research highlighted the healing properties and biological activities of medicinal plants such as Artemisia annua , A. sativum, Andrographis paniculata, Cymbopogon flexuosus , Foeniculum vulgar, Ferula asafoetida Mentha piperita, Solanum nigrum, Piper nigrum, Tagetes minuta, Trigonella foenum, Ocimum sanctum. Excessive levels of heat in medicinal vegetation exploitation are caused by abiotic stress outcomes with the production of ROS inside the cell chambers of a plant cell, which ultimately have a tremendous effect on secondary metabolite production. The excessive temperature has a wide variety of consequences on plant life in phrases of physiology, biochemistry, and gene regulatory pathways. Right here, we provide an assessment of the impact of temperature on numerous medicinal flora.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
The objective of the present study investigated on the effects Satureia hortensis L seeds exposure to magnetic fields on seed germination, early growth and enzyme activity, under laboratory conditions Satureia hortensis seeds (dry and wet) were studied after treating with different intensities of magnetic field (0, 25, 50 and 75 mT) and exposure time (0, 30 and 60 min). There were significant effects among treatments for germination percentage, root length, shoot length, seedling dry mass and seedling vigor index in Satureia hortensis seeds under different magnetic intensity. In the germinating seeds enzyme activities of α-amylase, dehydrogenase and protease were significantly higher in treated seeds in contrast to control.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
The effect of osmotic, drought and salt stresses on the induction of boiling-stable proteins were studied in C-306 (drought tolerant) and HD-2004 (drought susceptible) cultivars of Triticum aestivum. Western blotting analysis, using polyclonal antibodies raised against a 20 kDa A. thaliana cyclophilin, the induction of a cross-reacting band (40 kDa, BsCyp) in cv. 306. However no substantial expression was observed in drought sensitive cv. HD-2004, indicating its role in water stress adaptation. Thermostability studies of BsCyp in cv. 306 revealed that BsCyp was stable and can be detected even after 20 min of boiling treatment under all the stresses. Based upon these observations the possible role of BsCyp in water stress tolerance is discussed.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
Spot blotch (SB), caused by the fungus Cochliobolus sativus , is most efficiently controlled by using fungicides such as triadimefon (TDM) a triazole group member. This pathogen has the ability to develop resistance against TDM due to its high genetic variability, short lifecycle and plentiful inoculum yield. However, no experimental evidences of the direct contribution of ABC transporters in TDM resistance are available so far. Therefore, changes in ABC1 and ABC2 genes in avirulent Pt1 and virulent Pt4 C. sativus pathotypes were monitored at early time points of TDM treatments using quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR). Our results revealed that ABC1 and ABC2 expressions increased in both virulent and avirulent pathotypes at 24 hours post TDM treatments in comparison with non-treated controls. The most outstanding differences in ABC1 and ABC2 expressions were 3.2 and 1.2-fold, in avirulent Pt1 and 4.2 and 1.5-fold respectively, for virulent Pt4, respectively, after 48 hours of 0.125 µg mL-1TDM treatment. According to results, it is likely that ABC1 and ABC2 genes might play a role in signaling actions during C. sativus exposure to triazole fungicides.
Бесплатно
Статья
Бесплатно
Статья научная
Plants respond to the environmental cues in various ways, recent knowledge of RNA interference in conferring stress tolerance had become a new hope of developing tolerant varieties. Here we attempt to unfold the molecular mechanism of stress tolerance through miRNA profiling and expression analysis in Finger millet (Eleusine coracona) under salt and drought stress conditions. The expression analysis of 12 stress specific conserved miRNAs was studied using semi-quantitative real time PCR and Northern blot assay. Our studies revealed that, although most of the miRNAs responded to the stresses, the expression of particular miRNA differed with the nature of stress and the tissue. The expression analysis was correlated with the existing data of their target genes. Abiotic stress up-regulated miRNAs are expected to target negative regulators of stress responses or positive regulators of processes that are inhibited by stresses. On the other hand, stress down-regulated miRNAs may repress the expression of positive regulators and/or stress up-regulated genes. Thus the current study of miRNAs and their targets under abiotic stress conditions displays miRNAs may be good candidates to attribute the stress tolerance in plants by transgenic technology.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
Rationale. This article presents a study of the stress response to the effects of water deficiency in various genotypes of Scots pine, contrasting in seed yield, breeding genotypes of silver and downy birch, hybrids of black, white poplar and intersectional poplar hybrids.
Бесплатно
Extracellular polysaccharides of potato ring rot pathogen
Статья обзорная
Many bacteria, including phytopathogenic ones produce extracellular polysaccharides or exopolysaccharides which are universal molecules. Causal agent of potato ring rot, Clavibacter michiganensis subspecies sepedonicus, secretes exopolysaccharides which role in pathogenesis is poorly investigated. The aim of our research is to ascertain the composition and structure of Clavibacter michiganensis subspecies sepedonicus exopolysaccharides. Exopolysaccharides of Clavibacter michiganensis subspecies sepedonicus are determined to consist of 4-6 anionic and neutral components which have molecular weights from 700 kDa. Glucose is a major monomer of polysaccharides and arabinose, rhamnose and mannose are minor monomers. Glucose is present in α-D-glucopyranose and β-D-glucopyranose configurations. Calcium is determined to be a component of exopolysaccharides. Components of exopolysaccharides of potato ring rot pathogen are probably capable to associate via calcium ions and other ionic interactions that may result in a change of their physiological activity. Further studies of Clavibacter michiganensis subspecies sepedonicus exopolysaccharides composition and structure can serve a base for the synthesis of their chemical analogues with elicitor action.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
In this study, extraction, partial purification and characterization of an antioxidant enzyme catalase present in chilli ( Capsicum annuum , var. Azad mirch-1) plant. Catalase enzyme was collected from fresh leaves, fruits and roots of chilli plant in the Rama University UP, Kanpur (India). 100 g of fresh tissues were taken and grinded in the mortar pistil till the fine homogenous slurry formed. Then 10g of PVPP was added along with 50 ml buffer (Sodium phosphate, 0.1M, pH 7.2), and 1g ascorbic acid. The extracted protein was fractionated with ammonium sulphate and partially purified with the use of SG-150 gel filtration column. Chilli leaf catalase has shown its optimum activity in pH 7.2 at 30oC. The native molecular weight of catalase present in the chilli leaf was found 59 kDa. The Km value was recorded 9.2 mM for H2O2 and Vmax value was found 1.41 IU/mg X 10-3 for the chilli leaf catalase. The enzyme has shown linearity after 8mg/ml enzyme concentration. Chlilli catalase was purified up to 50.83 purification fold. The catalase enzyme activity was also recorded in the chilli fruits and roots separately.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
This study investigated the effect of shikimic and salicylic acids at the concentrations of 0.4 and 0.7 mM, respectively, or their combination as phenolic compounds and Ridomil MZ at the concentration of 250 g/100 L as a fungicide on osmotic pressure (OP), solutes allocation, organic acids, inorganic ions and relative water content were quantified in Vicia faba leaves infected by Botrytis fabae. Pathogen induced noticeable decrease in osmotic pressure, total soluble sugar (TSS) and inorganic osmolytes (i.e. Na +, K +, Ca 2+, Mg 2+ and Cl -) while caused obvious increase in proline, total soluble nitrogen (TSN) and organic acids (i.e. Keto and citric acids) in water extract of the leaf of faba bean plants. Furthermore, pathogen caused marked decrease in relative water content (RWC) of infected leaves and as a consequence the saturation water deficit (SWD) was increased. Exogenous application of shikimic acid, salicylic acid or their combination could counteract the adverse effects of B. fabae on osmotic adjustment by inducing additional increase in proline, total soluble sugars, total soluble nitrogen and organic acids which in turn increase the osmotic pressure as well as relative water content in leaves of infected plants. Recovery of osmotic adjustment as well as leaf turgidity of infected host by using these chemical inducers may encourage the using of them as protective control means. The results of the present study showed also that the application of chemical inducers such as shikimic and salicylic acids or their interaction increased the resistance of Vicia faba against the chocolate spot disease.
Бесплатно
Fatty Acid Profile of Oil Extracted from Irradiated and Un-Irradiated Kernel of Cherry Seeds
Статья научная
The aim of this work was to compare the fatty acid (FA) composition of oil from irradiated and un-irradiated cherry kernels (ChK). Cherry kernel were exposed to radiation doses of 0, 3 and 6 kGy of gamma irradiation covering the range for insect/pest disinfestations and for microbial load. The FA composition of cherry kernel oil (ChKO) was analyzed with using gas chromatography analysis. Oleic acid (C18:1) was consistently present in the highest quantity with averaged 51.07% of the total FA. The FA existing in second highest quantity was linoleic acid (C18:2) showing 38.03% on the average, followed by palmitic acid (C16:0) averaged 7.71%, stearic acid (C18:0) averaged 2.41%, palmitic acid (C16:1) averaged 0.42%, and linolenic acid (C:18:3) averaged 0.38%. indicating that it can be used for human consumption. In the present study, Palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic acid, SFA and USFA were not affected by irradiation or storing. Conclusively, the ChKO may have sufficient oil volume potential to be used as edible (domestic) and industrial oil.
Бесплатно
Features of GABA-transaminase functioning in Zea mays L. leaves under salinity
Статья научная
Salt stress has a significant effect on plants, causing a whole range of changes in metabolism. Unfortunately, the mechanisms that ensure the adaptive response of cells in response to salinity have not been sufficiently studied. The study examined changes in the functioning of one of the enzymes of the anaplerotic pathway of the Krebs cycle - GABA shunt - GABA transaminase (GABA-T, EC 2.6.1.19). It has been shown that salt stress caused by incubation of corn seedlings in a 150 mM sodium chloride solution causes activation of GABA transaminase (GABA-T, EC 2.6.1.19). The established increase in GABA-T enzymatic activity in the first hours of incubation in saline solution reaches a maximum at 3 hours of incubation. At the same time, differences are observed in the expression profilees of the GTA-1 and GTA-2 genes, which encode this enzyme in the maize genome. Salinity in the first three hours induces an increase in the expression of the GTA-1 GABA-T gene, while the GTA-2 gene demonstrates an increase in transcriptional activity from 6 to 12 hours of the experiment. An increase in GABA-T enzymatic activity under salinity indicates activation of the GABA shunt to maintain the energy metabolism of the plant cell under stress conditions.
Бесплатно
Статья обзорная
The interest toward natural components in treatment and prevention of several diseases such as diabetes, cancer, coronary disease, arthritis, etc. have been increased in recent years. Common thistle is an annual/biennial broad-leaf weed which is rich in insulin, a starch which passes directly through the digestive system. Its root in diuretic, tonic, antiphlogistic, astringent and hepatic in traditional medicine as well as an important remedy for toothache. Ramsons is an erect perennial native to Eurasia and the most notable pharmacological benefits of ramsons are antibacterial activity, treats stomach problems, useful for chronic disease, many benefits for blood pressure and high cholesterol, appropriate for skin, suitable for inflammations and infections, aids in detoxification, ameliorate aggravations and allergies. The outstanding pharmacological benefits of lychee is helping to remove blemishes and reduce sunburns, to prevent signs of aging, promoting hair growth and providing a distinct shine, prevention of cataracts, anticancer effects, improve digestion, promoting cardiovascular health, regulating blood circulation, anti-influenza activity, anti-inflammatory activity, preventing blood vessel rupture, strengthening bones, increasing the libido and preventing anemia. The most notable health benefits of five flavor berries are increasing energy, anti-inflammatory activity, improving muscular activity, improving vision, increasing cellular health, and preventing liver disease, premature aging and protection against diabetes, radiation, and regulation of blood glucose levels, improve mental health, modulating blood pressure, improving digestion and preventing infection. Ajwain oil has a wide range of pharmaceutical applications such as antifungal, antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, nematicidal, stomachic, carminative, antiseptic, aromatic, digestive, antiseptic, and emmenagogue activities. The present review aims to present some of the most important pharmacological and health benefits five important medicinal plants in traditional Asian medicine which can be studied more due to their valuable chemical components to prevent and treatment of diseases.
Бесплатно
Foliar Ascorbic Acid Alleviates Salt-induced Oxidative Stress in Maize
Статья научная
The effects of the foliar ascorbic acid application on major antioxidant enzymes, photosynthetic pigment content, malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, free proline and the reduced ascorbate were investigated in salt-stressed (75 mM NaCl) maize genotype (ADA 9510). The results showed that salt stress significantly decreased chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, total carotenoid and the reduced ascorbate contents and the activities of superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase. Conversely, malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide and free proline contents were increased by salt stress. These results showed that salinity led to the oxidative stress and destruction of photosynthetic pigments in maize leaves. The foliar ascorbic acid application, on the other hand, caused to the increased chlorophyll a and the reduced ascorbate content, elevated level of antioxidant enzymes and decreased malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide and free proline content. This kind of changes may indicate that the foliar ascorbic acid application activates the antioxidant defence system and counteract the oxidative stress. Thus, it may be concluded that the foliar ascorbic acid application improves salt tolerance and encourage the growth of maize plants under salt stress.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
Background: Several diseases are caused in the body due to oxidative stress of free radicals. The objectives of the present study were to investigate the antioxidant activity of Araucaria cunninghamii Aiton ex D. Don (Araucariaceae) leaf extract. The dried leaves of Araucaria cunninghamii Aiton ex D. Don (Araucariaceae) were extracted with 80% methanol. The antioxidant activity of the extract was predicted through in vitro model systems such as 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), reducing power and nitric oxide scavenging assays. The total phenolic, flavonoid and tannin content of the extract were also estimated in order to draw the correlation with their bioactivities. The extract was also investigated for several polyphenolic compounds using High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results: The antioxidant activity of extract was found to be excellent in all the three assays. A positive correlation between the antioxidant activity and phenolic content was observed. HPLC analysis identified the presence of Gallic acid, Catechin, Chlorogenic acid, Epicatechin, Caffeic acid, Umbelliferone, Ellagic acid, Quercetin and Kaempferol in the methanol leaf extract of Araucaria cunninghamii Aiton ex D. Don. Conclusions: The results of the present study point towards the fact that Araucaria cunninghamii Aiton ex D. Don leaves possess good antioxidant potential. The strong antioxidant activity can be correlated with the polyphenolic compounds present in the leaves.
Бесплатно
Fuelling of TCA cycle in hepatic cells Marwari goat during ambient temperature associated stress
Статья научная
The present study was launched to assess the effect of extreme ambient temperature associated stress on fuelling of TCA cycle in hepatic cells of Marwari goat. Based on the fact that whenever a hepatocyte needs fuel for TCA cycle, the activity of enzyme glutamate dehydrogenase (GD) increases making alpha-ketoglutarate available for TCA cycle, 600 apparently healthy Marwari goats of either sex, between 6 months to 3 years of age were screened and blood samples were collected during moderate, cold and hot ambient temperature periods to determine the serum glutamate dehydrogenase enzyme and glucose concentration. The mean value of serum GD was significantly (p≤0.05) higher during cold and hot ambient temperature periods in comparison to overall moderate mean value. However, the rise was greater in cold (2.20 times) than hot ambient temperature (1.19 times). The serum GD activity was higher in male and younger animals. Serum glucose concentration showed a reverse trend as compared to serum GD activity. The results indicated that in cold condition associated stress the fuelling to TCA cycle was more than moderate and hot ambient temperature periods. Serum GD activity was also found related with glucose homeostasis. Further the study has shown that variations in the enzyme levels are not always pathological and while interpreting clinical data, a clinician must consider these variations.
Бесплатно
