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Impact of Antabuse Treatment on Dyslipidemia and Oxidative Stress Levels in Chronic Alcoholism
Статья научная
Background: Chronic alcoholics are known to have dyslipidemia, which can aggravate organ dysfunction along with increased oxidative stress due to alcohol metabolism. We are studying the impact of Antabuse treatment in reversing the damages caused by chronic alcoholism at metabolite level. Results: This is hospital based cross sectional case control study, with 34 chronic alcoholic patients and 20 Antabuse treated patient for alcoholism. The mean plasma MDA (oxidative stress marker) level among the chronic alcoholics was 12.3 ± 4.3 µmol/L and in Antabuse treated group was 2.8 ± 0.3 µmol/L. Chronic alcoholic group had significantly elevated lipid profile then Antabuse treated group suggesting dyslipidemia in alcoholic group in our study population. Discussion: We observed positive correlation between oxidative stress marker and Lipid profile. Dyslipidemia and oxidative stress levels were significantly lower in Antabuse treated patients suggesting early treatment of such addicts and complete abstinence from consumption showed reversal of the metabolic derangement caused by chronic alcoholism.
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Impact of Triazole on Antioxidants activity and Lipid peroxidation at Cicer arietinum (Chick pea)
Статья научная
The present study was carry out to evaluate the impact of pesticide Triazole on Chick pea (Cicer arietinum).Our experiments observed that the antioxidants activity increased with the treatments of Triazole concentration at 100ppm, 200ppm, and 400ppm as compare to control of Chick pea plant (Cicer arietinum). Enzymatic antioxidants i.e Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), and Guaicol peroxidase (GPOD) were enhance of the plant as compare to control and in the leaves of pesticides-stressed plants, Lipid peroxidation (LPO) activities significantly increased with increasing pesticides concentrations (100ppm, 200ppm, and 400ppm) as compared to the control plants. The aim of study was to determine parameters which can be used to identify chick pea plant tolerance to pesticides stress.
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Статья научная
Arsenic (As) toxicity profoundly affects the yield and quality of rice worldwide and it is one of the crucial threats in the world as rice being one of the major staple cereal crops. The present study was designed to investigate the growth (germination, growth of the seedlings), stress (H2O2 and lipid peroxidation) and biochemical parameters (amylase activity, enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant activity) of Ranjit and Aijung, the two most edible cultivars of Assam under arsenic stress. Both the rice cultivars responded differentially to As treatments and showed differences in all noted parameters. With increasing arsenic concentration, reduction in germination, plumule-radicle length, reduced fresh and dry mass, and declination in amylase activity was prompted. The reductions of most of the observed parameters were higher in Ranjit than Aijung cultivar as compared to their respective control. Alteration of stress-related parameters and antioxidant enzymes were also inferred under As stress. Analysis of growth and biochemical study revealed that Aijung cultivar is more tolerant to As stress than Ranjit cultivar and that might be associated with a potent antioxidative defense system.
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Статья научная
The environmental contamination with high salt is the elementary intimidation to the agriculture. Maize plants were deeply affected due to salinity worldwide and a severe problem to scientists. A probable survival strategy of the plants under unpleasant environmental circumstances is to use of endogenous metabolites that could ameliorate the harsh effect of salinity. Current study was under taken to observe the effect of cinnamic acid (CA), a central molecule of phenylpropanoid pathway (Secondary metabolism) on the growth and development of maize plants under NaCl stress conditions. CA is rapidly produced by plants in response to stressful condition. Response to maize seed to the presoaking treatment 0.05mM CA was deliberated under different concentration of NaCl stress such as 50, 100, 150, 200, mM NaCl for 14 days. The injurious effects of salinity on growth and development were manifested by decreased fresh weight, dry weight, and relative water content (RWC) and chlorophyll pigment contents. Degree of lipid peroxidation turned down through the significant decrease in MDA content in maize seedlings. CA induced the anatomical properties under salinity in present exploration. The cortical cells were induced in root in response to CA than stress. Here, the present study was undertaken with the aim of determining salt induced anatomical and morphological alteration in the presence of exogenous CA. The major reduction in dimension of cortical cells was observed which indicate that salt stress reduced the tolerance of cortical cell more than treatment in maize root. We conclude that CA is a potential phenylpyranoid for protecting crop plant under saline environment.
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Статья научная
In this study physiological, certain blood hormones and immune status of male and female Broad Breasted White turkeys were recorded under cold stress. Birds were acclimated two weeks prior to the start of experiment and later divided into two groups. Control group (n=12 with equal number from each sex) was maintained at an environmental temperature of 27-30 °C and Test group (n=12 with equal number from each sex) was housed in a designed chamber were the temperature (10±1°C) remained stable at least for 5-6 hours in a day. After 3 consecutive days (72 hours) of temperature treatment Phytohaemagglutinin-P (PHA-P) at the dose rate of 0.5 mg in 0.1 ml PBS were injected to the patagium of both control and test group of birds to study the cell mediated immune response by measuring the dermal swelling in response to inflammatory reaction after 24 hours of injection of Phytohaemagglutinin-P (PHA-P). After 96 hours of cold treatment the blood samples were collected from the wing vein to analyze the blood hormonal levels using standard protocols. The physiological parameters like respiration rate, rectal temperature and surface temperature were recorded at the morning hours of the day during experimental period. Significant difference (p≤0.01) between treatments were observed in body temperatures, respiration rate, Heterophil%, H/L ratio, Wing web thickness, T4 and cortisol levels.
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Статья научная
Application of salicylic acid (SA) as a phytohormone has been increased due to resistance to stresses such as salt stress. Pot experiments were conducted to determine the effect of exogenous salicylic acid application on growth and ornamental characteristics of calendula grown under salt stress and greenhouse conditions. For this purpose a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design was conducted with 3 levels of SA (0 (control), 1, 2 mM) and 3 levels of NaCl (0, 100 and 200 mM) with 4 replications. At flowering stage, SA was applied with spraying two times two week intervals. NaCl was also applied as drench (200 ml per pot) in two day intervals. The results showed that salinity decreased the growth, Chlorophyll reading values, number per plant and flower diameter. However, foliar applications of SA resulted in greater root, shoot and totaldry weight, plant height and leaf area calendula plants under saltstress. The highest chlorophyll reading values was obtained from 2.00 mM SA application in all NaCl treatments. decreased number of flower per plant and flower diameter as ornamental characteristics; however SA increased them under salinity stress. Plants treated with 1.00 mM SA had the highest diameter at 100 and 200 mM of NaCl. leakage increased by salinity, however foliar application of SA significantly reduced electrolyte leakage under salt stress. Based on the present results, foliar application of SA treatments can ameliorate the negative effects of salinity on the growth and ornamental characteristics of calendula plants.
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Impact of heat stress on electrocardiographic changes in New Zealand white rabbits
Статья научная
A study was conducted on twelve clinically normal and healthy New Zealand White rabbits of both sexes, weighing between 2-3 kg, and aged between 1-3 years to observe the normal electrocardiogram and its changes during heat stress. The normal electrocardiogram and changes during heat stress were evaluated for the three bipolar standard limb leads (I, II and III) and three unipolar augmented limb leads (aVR, aVL and aVF). ECG recordings were made in sternal recumbency using a multi channel electrocardiograph. The normal heart rate with a mean of 204±7 beats/min was recorded. The mean amplitude observed was 0.05±0.002 mV for P wave; 0.19±0.008 mV for QRS; 0.14±0.007 mV for T wave. The mean duration observed was 0.03±0.002 sec for P wave; 0.06±0.002 sec for PR interval; 0.05±0.003 sec for QRS complex; 0.13±0.004 sec for QT interval; 0.07±0.002 sec for T wave. During heat stress tachycardia was observed with progressive rise in temperature along with ventricular fibrillation, ventricular extra-systole and atrial fibrillation. At 43°C, ventricular fibrillation was observed in Lead II, III, aVL and aVF. At 45°C, ventricular extra-systole was recorded in Lead III, aVL and aVF. At 45°C (30 mins more exposure), ventricular extra-systole in Lead I and ventricular fibrillation in Lead III was observed. At 47°C, ventricular fibrillation was seen in Lead II, III, aVR, aVL and aVF. At 47°C (30 mins more exposure), atrial fibrillation in all the leads were observed The mean cardiac axis recorded was 90°±0.065 without significant alterations throughout the study.
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Impact of post-anthesis heat stress on physiological and biochemical traits of wheat genotypes
Статья научная
This study was conducted to identify physiological and biochemical attributes of wheat genotypes in response to heat stress. In this respect eight wheat genotypes viz., Pavon-76, Prodip, BARI Gom-25, BARI Gom-26, BAW-1143, BAW-1146, BAW-1147 and BAW-118 were used as study materials. The experiment was conducted during 2011-12 and 2012-13. In this experiment, physiological changes of wheat genotypes were evaluated in relation to heat tolerance in field condition by seeding them at November 27 (normal), December 17 (late) and January 7 (very late growing condition) over two successive years. HT genotypes showed higher canopy temperature depression (CTD) in each growing conditions than the MHT and HS genotypes. At late and very late growing heat stress conditions, HS genotypes exhibited larger increase in flag leaf proline at 8 days after anthesis (DAA) than the MHT and HT genotypes. At normal growing condition, the variation of total chlorophyll content in flag leaf among the HT, MHT and HS genotypes were lower compared to late and very late growing condition. The chlorophyll reduction at late growing heat stress condition was clearly distinguishable between the HT and HS genotypes.
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Статья научная
Salinity stress negatively affects the growth and development of wheat leading to diminished grain yield and quality. Salt stress during reproductive stage is one of the significant factors leading to the drastic reduction in grain yield. The objective of this study was to investigate the biochemical responses of pre-anthesis stage salt stress and yield related traits in KRL1-4 salt tolerant and UP2338 salt sensitive cultivar of Wheat. Three different levels of salinity stress (100, 200 and 300 mM NaCl) was induced. Untreated plants were kept as control. Samples were analyzed at pre- anthesis stage (50 DAS and 60 DAS) for various biochemical parameters viz., proline content, total reducing sugar content, total nitrogen content and total protein content. Yield related traits harvest index, tiller numbers per plant, spike height and spike weight were recorded at maturity stage. The amount of proline and reducing sugar increased with increasing salinity, the increase being more in tolerant than in sensitive cultivar. Total nitrogen and total protein content, however, decreased with increasing salt concentration and reduction being more in sensitive than in tolerant cultivar. Yield attributes were affected negatively. The effect was more pronounced in sensitive cultivar compared to tolerant.
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Статья научная
Salinity is considered as the most important abiotic stress limiting crop production and plants are known to be able continuing survive under this stress by involving many mechanisms. In this content, the present study was carried out to evaluate the impact of NaCl on some physiological and biochemical parameters in five Tunisian chili pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) cultivars: Tebourba (Tb), Somaa (Sm), Korba (Kb), Awald Haffouzz (AW) and Souk jedid (Sj). Thus, an experiment of five months was carried out under greenhouse at Higher Institute of Agronomy, Chott Meriem, Tunisia and stress is induced by NaCl at 7 concentrations (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12g/l). Results showed that increasing salinity stress, for all cultivars, had a negative impact on roots (length, fresh and dry weights) and leaves (number and area). Also, chlorophyll (a and b) amount in addition to quantium yield (Fv/Fm) decreased significantly. However, biosynthesis of proline in leaves is activated. Awlad Haffouzz and Korba cultivars succefully tolerated highest salinity level by accumulating more proline in leaves and maintaining usually higher values in all parameters in opposition to Souk jedid cultivar. Taken together, our data partly explain the mechanism used to ovoid salt stress by pepper plants when excessive in the culture medium.
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Статья научная
Nearly all metabolic changes and responses in the plant life cycle are influenced by seasonal environmental conditions which profoundly affect their growth, yield and metabolism. This work was carried out under tropical environmental conditions of Kolkata, West Bengal, India in three seasons -summer, rainy and winter in two stages - preflowering and postflowering to study the effect of seasonal variations (if any) on some select antioxidants and scavenging enzyme activities in Okra ( Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) and Tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) to determine the favourable/unfavourable seasons for growth and yield and thus correlate with the yield quality. Favourable seasons (summer for Abelmoschus; winter for Lycopersicon ) recorded low reactive oxygen species production accompanied by elevated activities of scavenging enzymes while the unfavourable seasons (winter for Abelmoschus; rainy for Lycopersicon ) showed the opposite trend. These periods were marked by abundant production of free radicals (meaured as MDA and total peroxide contents), accompanied by poor scavenging and reduced detoxification of these active oxygen species by the antioxidants ( ascorbic acid) and scavenging enzymes (SOD, catalase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, ascorbic acid oxidase). These results could be well correlated with yield and yield quality of these two crop plants. The parameters under study served as useful bioassay indices of environmental stress, while the two plants acting as a measure of the prevailing environmental conditions, can serve as efficient bio indicator species . Thus, plant response to environment indicates the enormous impact of environmental stress on agricultural productivity.
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Impact of yoga on stress, anxiety, and depression in male drug addicts during rehabilitation
Статья научная
Background: Drug addiction is a significant global concern. Individuals suffering from drug addiction often experience high levels of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress (DAS). These psychological conditions can intensify the cycle of substance abuse and pose significant barriers to recovery. Although yoga is widely recognised for its benefits to physical and mental health, its specific effects on males with Substance Use Disorders (SUDs) during rehabilitation- particularly in managing DAS - remain underexplored. Material and Methods: A randomised controlled trial was conducted with 80 male participants from a drug addiction rehabilitation centre. The participants were divided into two groups: a control group with 40 subjects and an experimental group with 40 subjects. This study used a pre-test-and-post-test design to evaluate participants' psychological states, measuring Depression, Anxiety, Stress levels using the DASS-21 scale both before and after the intervention. The experimental group engaged in an 8-week yoga program for 60 minutes daily, excluding Sundays, while the control group continued with other rehabilitation routine activities without yoga intervention.
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Статья научная
The present study was undertaken to evaluate the impacts of surface water pollution with wastes coming from sewage effluents (Site 2), agricultural runoff (Site 4) and oils and detergents factory (Site 3) on the stability of leaf membrane (measured as injury %), hydrogen peroxide (H 2O 2), ascorbic acid (Asc A), lipid peroxidation, chlorophyll (Chl) content, soluble sugars (SS), soluble proteins (SP) and total free amino acids (TAA) of Cyperus alopeucroides, Persicaria salicifolia and Echinochloa stagnina. Concentration of H 2O 2, MDA and TAA were higher in the three plants collected from polluted sites as compared with those of plants grown in control Nile site (Site1). The opposite was true for Asc A, SS and SP where their concentrations reduced significantly in response to water pollution. Leaf membrane was more damaged (high injury %) in plants exposed to wastes from different sources than in plants growing at control site. The results of this study indicated that water pollution reduced the oxidative defense abilities in the three plants through reduction of Asc A activities, enhancement of H 2O 2 production and increasing MDA accumulation. In addition it impaired the metabolic activity through lowering the SS and SP contents and enhancement of TAA accumulation and increase membrane injury. The over production of hydrogen peroxide by the studied aquatic plants under water pollution could be used as an oxygen source needed to oxidize the more resistant organic and inorganic pollutants and used for pollution control and municipal and industrial wastewater treatment.
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Implications of plants genetic transformation assessed by geneticist, biochemist and physiologist
Статья обзорная
Transgenic plants creation methodology developed for several decades has gained significant advances. However, problems of unanticipated effects of transgenosis, stability of GMO characteristics and establishing criteria of their safety evaluation remain unresolved. The analysis of different approaches to assessing the impact of plant genetic transformation is presented. It is concluded that the profound studies on the physiology of plant-agrobacterial symbiosis as a methodological basis of plants genetic engineering can answer many unresolved issues of genetic engineering.
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Статья научная
The influence of submergence on the photosynthetic activity in rice plants either possessing or not possessing Sub1 QTL i.e. Swarna and Swarna Sub1 cultivars (cv.) were evaluated under simulated complete submergence. The leaf photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance decreased in both the cv. during the progression of submergence as compared to control plant but significant varietal differences was observed after 1 day (d) of submergence. Submergence also alters the photo-system (PS) II activity, as reflected in a decrease in the values of Fo, Fm and the Fv/Fm ratio and degradation of chlorophyll, more in Swarna than that of Swarna Sub1. Under complete submergence the shape of the OJIP transient also changed in rice leaves with decrease in maximal fluorescence (P=Fm) intensity, resulted lowering of variable fluorescence levels. The decrease was more pronounced in Swarna compared to the Swarna Sub1 cv. Thus, Swarna Sub1 improves photosynthetic activity showing more photosynthetic rate compared to Swarna under submergence because, of less degradation of chlorophyll, higher stomatal conductance, and efficient PS II activity.
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Improvement of salt tolerance in Trigonella foenum-graecum L. var. PEB by plant growth regulators
Статья научная
The crop yield is reduced under saline conditions and this hampers agricultural productivity. The incorporation of plant growth regulators (PGRs) during presoaking treatments in many crops has improved seed performance under saline conditions. In order to study the ameliorative effect of plant growth regulators, experiments were conducted to study the variation in organic constituents in the leaves of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. var.PEB, where the seeds were primed with different plant growth regulators and grown under NaCl salinity. After a pre-soaking treatment of six hours in 20 mg L -1 solutions of gibberllic acid (GA 3), 6-furfuryladenine (Kinetin) and benzyl adenine (BA), the seeds were allowed to germinate and grow for forty-five days under saline conditions. On the analysis of mature leaves, it was observed that chlorophyll a and b, total chlorophyll and protein showed an increase in PGR-treated plants compared to the untreated set. The accumulation of the stress metabolite such as proline and sugars, which increase under saline conditions, showed a significant decrease in the plants pretreated with PGRs.
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Improvement of salt tolerance in durum wheat by ascorbic acid application
Статья научная
The main objective of this study is to examine whether exogenously applied Ascorbic acid (AsA) may enhance the salt tolerance in durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf. var. Waha). Two weeks old seedling, grown in plastic pots of 1kg, were subjected to salt stress by adding 25ml of NaCl (150mm), and treated or not with the addition of ascorbic acid (0.7 mM). Two weeks after salt stress, plants were harvested and the various measures were recorded. The effects of salt stress, in the presence and absence of vitamin C, on the leaf growth, leaf area (LA) and some physiological and biochemical changes were investigated. It was established that the application of vitamin C mitigate to variable extent the adverse effect of salt stress on plant growth, may be due, in part, to increased leaf area, improved chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, enhanced proline accumulation and decreased H2O2 content. In conclusion, we can say that treatment with ascorbic acid improve salt tolerance in durum wheat through the enhancement of multiple processes.
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Improving of barley seedling growth by seed priming under water deficit stress
Статья научная
Seed priming was used to reinforcement of barley seedling growth under water deficit stress in a greenhouse condition. Barley seeds were primed with humic acid, Pseudomonas Spp., Marmarin, distilled water (hydropriming) and none (as control) under four levels of water deficit stress (irrigation at 20 (I 1), 40 (I 2), 60 (I 3) and 80% (I 4) field capacity). Results indicated that all measured parameters were decreased with increasing the stress levels, except root length and root-shoot ratio. The highest value of root length (18.42 cm) and root-shoot ratio (2.84) was obtained in the I 1 irrigation regime. However, I 2, I 3 and I 4 irrigation regimes did not significantly affect on barley seedling traits, but I 1 irrigation regime exhibited better growth. Seed priming with Pseudomonas affected root length, root and shoot dry weight, plant height and SPAD, significantly. Seed priming with Marmarin showed best results on SPAD. The maximum (0.37 g/plant) shoot dry weight was obtained from I 2 irrigation regime with hydropriming treatment. Whereas, the lowest shoot dry weight (0.14 g/plant) was observed in I 1 irrigation regimes in control condition. Hydropriming shows better response in root length, root and shoot and plant height and was equal with Pseudomonas, so it could be considered as a suitable substitute in organic agricultural systems.
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Статья научная
Background, the context and purpose of the study: Climate change is having a significant impact on crop plants around the world. As temperatures rise, some crops are becoming more difficult to grow in certain regions and are being replaced by other crops that are more tolerant of heat and drought. Plants have evolved various mechanisms, including physiological adaptations, structural modifications, and biochemical responses to withstand a wide range of environmental stresses, including drought, heat, salinity, and cold. Complex networks of genes play crucial roles in eliciting stress responses in plants. These genes encode a diverse array of proteins that function in various aspects of stress adaptation, from regulating hormone signalling to protecting cellular components from damage. Transcription factors act as master regulators of gene expression, controlling which genes are turned on or off in response to specific stimuli. Dehydration responsive element binding protein (DREB) and AP2/ERF domain-containing protein are transcription factors in plants that regulate the expression of stress-responsive genes involved in drought tolerance. The purpose of the present study is in silico characterization of DREB and AP2/ERF domain-containing transcription factors, identification of conserved motifs and phylogenetic analysis to understand the evolutionary relationships of these sequences in the important crop plants - Sorghum bicolor (Sorghum), Zea mays (Maize), Oryza sativa subsp. indica (Rice), Hordeum vulgare (Barley), and Triticum aestivum (Wheat). Results, the main findings: Transcription factors- F8V180 ( Sorghum bicolor ), C5XNL0 ( Sorghum bicolor ), A0A1D6FEN0 ( Zea mays ), A2WL19 ( Oryza sativa subsp. indica ), Q4ZGK0 ( Hordeum vulgare ) , and Q4U0C8 ( Triticum aestivum ) have a conserved AP2/ ERF domain, all show their subcellular localization in the nucleus and are involved in DNA binding and transcription regulation. There is variation in id position of AP2/ERF domain in the selected transcription factors. Phylogenetic data indicate that the relative amounts of evolutionary change have occurred since the proteins shared a common ancestor. Data also suggests that these proteins have evolved at different rates, indicating varying degrees of divergence among the proteins. The grand average of hydropathicity and pI values of DREB - AP2/ERF transcription factors F8V180 ( Sorghum bicolor ), C5XNL0 ( Sorghum bicolor ) and A0A1D6FEN0 ( Zea mays ) indicate that these are more stable and have better binding affinity to their target gene, thereby better transcription regulation. Conclusions, brief summary and potential implications: There is a need to extensively study stress tolerance mechanisms in plants and to increase the adaptability of plants to various abiotic stresses like heat, drought and salinity. Study reveal that DREB and AP2/ERF domain-containing transcription factors from Sorghum bicolor (Sorghum), Zea mays (Maize) , Oryza sativa subsp. indica (Rice), Hordeum vulgare (Barley) , and Triticum aestivum (Wheat) share a common ancestor. These proteins have evolved at different rates, indicating varying degrees of divergence among the proteins. Physico-chemical properties of DREB and AP2/ERF domain-containing transcription factors reveal that F8V180 ( Sorghum bicolor ), C5XNL0 ( Sorghum bicolor ), A0A1D6FEN0 ( Zea mays ) are the most stable and with better binding affinity to their target genes thereby better transcriptional regulation. Overexpression of DREB and AP2/ERF transcription factors in transgenic plants can be a promising strategy for enhancing plant tolerance to abiotic stresses (particularly drought and salinity) and improving crop productivity under challenging environmental conditions.
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