Статьи журнала - Журнал стресс-физиологии и биохимии
Все статьи: 898
Статья научная
This work investigates the influence of moisture and temperature stress on plant phenological parameters of Phyllanthus amarus plant. A pot experiment was conducted under controlled water stress environment in greenhouse during the Rabi season of 2007 and 2008 at the Experimental Farm area, JNKVV, Jabalpur. Plants were treated with different levels of water and temperature stresses. The experimental design was Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with six treatments and five replications. Moisture stress has been given on selected dates for which the sets of pot were first brought to field capacity and the water withhold till wilting. It was found that the Plant height, Root length, Number of leaves, Number of branches per plants, No. of fruits per plant, Leaf area, Dry weight gm per plant were found maximum in control condition.
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Growth attributes and pigmentation of fenugreek under fluoride toxicity
Статья научная
Indiscriminate and exorbitant use of chemicals and other xenobiotics like fluoride (F) is increasing in everyday life. The present investigation aimed to assess the phytotoxic effects of F on fenugreek ( Trigonella foenum-graecum ). Seeds of fenugreek were treated with 2.5 mM, 5 mM, 7.5 mM, and 10 mM concentrations of F. Toxic effect of F was observed as a decrease with an overall poor health of the seedlings. The highest applied concentration of F (10 mM) was toxic to the extent that seeds were not germinated. After a slight increase, a reduction in the root-shoot length, root-shoot biomass, number of nodules, and fresh and dry weight of nodules was observed with increasing concentrations of F. Furthermore, leaf area and relative water content in the leaf showed a progressive reduction with an increment in F concentration. Plants treated with F showed that pigments like chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll were decreased under F toxicity. Detrimental impacts of F toxicity were found to be highly significant (p=0.001) for nodule dry weight, leaf area, chlorophyll a, and, total chlorophyll content.
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Статья научная
One of the main environmental factors that limits plant performance and lowers production is soil salinity, such as NaCl stress. Therefore, to cultivate salt-tolerant crops, it is essential to understand the physiological aspects of plant to NaCl stress and use the natural genetic resource linked with salt tolerance. Rice is relatively a salt-sensitive crop that shows a significant variation in metabolic activities towards NaCl salt stress. In this view, the present investigation was carried out to find the NaCl stress tolerance of rice (ASD-16) variety. The whole experiment was accomplished in pot culture under varying NaCl concentrations (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100mM). The salt stress was imposed on the 13th days after sowing and sampling were done after five days of treatment i.e, 18th DAS. Salt stress results in a decline in growth traits, biomass production, and also reduction in carotenoids and soluble protein contents were observed with hike in NaCl treatments. However, Chlorophyll a, b, (a+b), proline contents, were found to be increased under increasing NaCl concentrations. Thus, enhancing pigment constituents and osmolytes accumulation provides salinity stress tolerance to rice seedlings.
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Growth, Biomass Production and Yield Variation in Eucalyptus Clones
Статья научная
Eucalyptus are among the most widely cultivated forest trees in the world under a range of different climates for products that include pulp, paper fuel wood and solid wood products such as poles, furniture and construction timber. Productivity and profitability of plantations of Eucalyptus have been revolutionized with the development of genetically improved, fast growing and high yielding Clonal planting stock of Eucalyptus. Eucalyptus Clonal planting has been said to have advantages which includes quick provision of benefits associates with fast growth, short rotation for production of pulp wood (of around 70 MT ha-1 in 6 years) ready marketing and easy establishment and less maintenance needs. Clonal planting one among the approach for management of water and nutrients compared to the other conventional strategies. Studies relating to Clonal difference and evaluation for dry matter production will help to overcome productivity loss due to deficit rainfall and optimum utilization of available natural resources for higher wood production. The present study was carried out to test the hypothesis that there exists a Clonal variation in growth, biomass production and yield and the present study gives an insight in to Clonal variation in with reference to growth, biomass production and yield.
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Статья научная
The present pot experiment was an attempt to monitor the beneficial effects of silicon (Si) and/or potassium (K) applications on growth and nitrogen uptake in barley plants grown under water (FC1) and non water (FC2) stress conditions using 15N and 13C isotopes. Three fertilizer rates of Si (Si 50, Si 100 and Si 200) and one fertilizer rate of K were used. Dry matter (DM) and N yield (NY) in different plant parts of barley plants was affected by Si and/ or K fertilization as well as by the watering regime level under which the plants have been grown. Solely added K or in combination with adequate rate of Si (Si 100) were more effective in alleviating water stress and producing higher yield in barley plants than solely added Si. However, the latter nutrient was found to be more effective than the former in producing higher spike's N yield. Solely added Si or in combination with K significantly reduced leave's ∆ 13C reflecting their bifacial effects on water use efficiency (WUE), particularly in plants grown under well watering regime. This result indicated that Si might be involved in saving water loss through reducing transpiration rate and facilitating water uptake; consequently, increasing WUE. Although the rising of soil humidity generally increased fertilizer nitrogen uptake (Ndff) and its use efficiency (%NUE) in barley plants, applications of K or Si fertilizers to water stressed plants resulted in significant increments of these parameters as compared with the control. Our results highlight that Si or K is not only involved in amelioration of growth of barley plants, but can also improve nitrogen uptake and fertilizer nitrogen use efficiency particularly under water deficit conditions.
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Статья научная
The effect of different salinity levels of irrigation water (ECw range 1-12 dS/m) on dry matter yield, nitrogen uptake, fertilizer nitrogen use efficiency (%NUE), stomatal conductance and carbon isotope discrimination (Δ13C‰) in three barley genotypes originating from different geographic areas (Arabi.Abiad, Syria; Pk-30-136, Pakistan and WI-2291, Australia) was investigated in a pot experiment. An increase in salinity resulted in a decrease in Δ13C in all the genotypes. Increasing salinity reduced leaf stomatal conductance which was less pronounced in WI-2291 comparing to other genotypes. At high salinity level, the reduction in Δ13C corresponded to a considerable decrease in the ratio (Ci/Ca) of intercellular (Ci) and atmospheric (Ca) partial pressures of CO2 in all the genotypes indicating that such a decrease was mainly due to the stomatal closure. Moreover, since the reduction in dry matter yield in all the genotypes grown at 12 dS/m did not exceed 50% in comparison with their controls, the photosynthetic apparatus of all studied genotypes seemed to be quit tolerant to salinity. At the moderate salinity level (8dS/m), the enhancement of leaf dry matter yield in the WI2291 genotype might have been due to positive nutritional effects of the salt as indicated by a significant increase in nitrogen uptake and NUE. Thus, the lower Ci/Ca ratio could result mainly from higher rates of photosynthetic capacity rather than stomatal closure. On the other hand, relationships between dry matter yield or NUE and Δ13C seemed to be depending on plant genotype, plant organ and salinity level. Based on growth, nutritional and Δ13C data, selection of barley genotypes for saline environments was affected by salinity level. Therefore, such a selection must be achieved for each salinity level under which the plants have been grown.
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Статья научная
The aim of this study was to assess the possibility to use Baikal endemic amphipods as a source for screening of novel natural products. Analysis of amphipod’s E. verrucosus hemolymph by HPLC-MS was performed for the first time. A number of natural products with new molecular mass for Baikal endemic macroinvertebrates were found. We found a compound as chrysin by comparison of MS1, MS2 profiles and molecular mass of natural products registered in Dictionary of Natural Products and MZ-cloud databases. Also, we found new compound with mass 493.80277 Da, circulating in the amphipod’s hemolymph.
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Heat stress induced changes in metabolic regulators of donkeys from arid tracts in India
Статья научная
To find out heat stress induced changes in metabolic regulators of donkeys from arid tracts in India, blood samples were collected to harvest the serum during moderate and extreme hot ambiences. The metabolic enzymes determined were sorbitol dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase, ornithine carbamoyl transferase, gamma-glutamayl transferase, 5'nucleotidase, glucose-6-phosphatase, arginase, and aldolase. The mean values of all the serum enzymes increased significantly (p≤0.05) during hot ambience as compared to respective values during moderate ambience. It was concluded that increased activity of all the enzymes in the serum was due to modulation of metabolic reactions to combat the effect of hot ambience on the animals. Activation of gluconeogenesis along with hexose monophosphate shunt and urea cycle probably helped the animals to combat the heat stress.
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Статья научная
Vernonia cinerea (L.) Less. is a major ingredient of natural medicine. Environmental stresses lead to a series of morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular changes that adversely affect the growth and metabolism of plants. These abiotic stresses are highly responsible for dramatic changes on chemical constituents of plants. The research was performed to analyze the physiological and biochemical changes in V. cinerea under polluted and non-polluted habitats and also to determine the heavy metal accumulation under polluted and non-polluted habitats. The studies revealed clear difference in the chlorophyll, malondialdehyde, total protein, proline and total carbohydrate content among V. cinerea under polluted and non-polluted habitats. Plants collected from non-polluted habitats showed higher amount of total chlorophyll than the plants collected from polluted habitats. Thus it was clear that the samples from non-polluted habitats were photo synthetically very efficient. Total protein, malondialdehyde and proline content were higher in plants collected from polluted habitats. Moreover, heavy metal quantification of samples showed comparatively high amount of heavy metals in V. cinerea of polluted plants than non-polluted plants. Zinc accumulation was found to be higher in all V. cinerea plants especially in road side habitats. Furthermore, the accumulation of heavy metals was higher in leaves and stem when compared to roots. The metal concentrations in shoots are invariably greater than in roots, showing special ability of the plant to absorb and transport metals and store them in their above-ground part. Thus the present study revealed remarkable biochemical changes in the plants which were grown under polluted habitats and the study also suggests the collection of V. cinerea plants from non-polluted habitats for medicinal purposes, because there will be a definite changes in the medicinal properties of the plants under stress.
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Heavy metal accumulation potential and medicinal property of Bacopa monnieri- a paradox
Статья научная
Bioaccumulation of Mercury and Cadmium in Bacopa monnieri (L.) Pennell, cultivated in Hoagland medium artificially contaminated with micro quantities of HgCl2 and CdCl2 is investigated. Bioaccumulation potential of B. monnieri is more towards Cd than Hg. Absorption and translocation of Hg and Cd are proportional to the availability of the metal in the growth media and period of growth. Effect of acidic pH showed enhanced accumulation while basic pH resulted in significant reduction in the accumulation of Hg and exorbitant reduction of Cd. As a result of combined treatment of HgCl2 and CdCl2, accumulation was very low in both acidic and basic pH. In addition to pH, antagonistic effect of Ca2+ present in lime water which was added to raise the pH of the growth medium also controls the accumulation and absorption of Hg and Cd ions. Bioaccumulation of Hg and Cd in B. monnieri reveals the phytoremediation potential while the bioaccumulation is hazards to health since the plant is highly medicinal and one important ingredient of many Ayurvedic preparations.
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Статья научная
The current study was conducted to investigate pollution level in Lattakia-coastline, Syria using Ulva lactuca (Chlorophyta) algae as bioindicator for sea water pollution based on Zn, Pb, Cu and Cd concentration using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) technique. On the other hand, to investigate pollution genotoxicity on U. lactuca algae based on Genomic Template Stability (GTS%) estimations yielded by Touch-down Directed Amplification of Minisatellite DNA (Td-DAMD) marker. AAS analysis indicated that the Lattakia coastline is not polluted by the mentioned pollutants (Zn, Pb, Cu and Cd) at least regarding these metals. As for GTS%, it is not correlated with observed pollutants concentration in the mentioned sites. Further studies focused especially on determination of other elements than those studied herein and investigation their influence on DNA changes profile are needed.
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Hematological response of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings exposed to acute concentrations of Sunsate®
Статья научная
The present study was designed to evaluate the 96 hours LC 50 of sunsate® and the hematological variation of fingerlings of African catfish exposed to different concentrations of the herbicides. Using static bioassays with continuous aeration under laboratory conditions acute toxicity of Sunsate ® was determine to be 18.33 mg l -1 with upper and lower limit of 20.93 and 16.05 respectively. Also the toxicant led to significant (P® for the control of Aquatic weeds is recommended.
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Heme oxygenase: enzyme with functional diversity
Статья обзорная
In recent years role of Heme oxygenase (HO) has been considered in nearly all living system including plants, animals and other organisms. The common role of heme oxygenase is the degradation of heme, although there is a diversity of additional role of HO in organisms including iron acquisition, cellular signaling, defense against stress and biosynthesis during metabolism. Likewise, the function of HO is to provide cofactors for the photosynthetic apparatus in cyanobacteria. Heme concentration is variable in different plant species and found maximum in leguminous plant root nodules. Moreover HO has diverse isoforms in plant and animal systems. The review addressed important function of HO and focused on its functional diversity.
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Статья научная
Stress, being the general reaction of the organism to the physical and psychological effects, accompanies all the stages of somatic and psychic formation. Hemorrhagic shock occurring at blood loss appears to be a powerful stress for the organism. The origin (emergence) and spread of stress reactions are characterized by the features of the macro-and microcirculation. In stressful situations the crisis of blood circulation affects the functions of hemorheological disorders, as well as appears to be a consequence of the shock. We were the first to combine these two problems. The dilemma has been built. Blood loss, being a cause of hemorrhagic shock development while spending adaptive energy would result in more slack development of stress stages, or the body who has received the stress from the outside, will be more subjected to hemorrhagic shock. The following specific objectives were set to answer this question: to ascertain the intensity of the transition from the lower grade of stress to higher due to the development of hemorrhagic shock and to investigate the hemorheological properties of blood at different stages of hemorrhagic shock and at different grades of stress. Experimental stress was induced by heating (hyperthermia). The erythrocyte aggregation increased as the blood volume quantity grew at the bleeding, i.e. with the increasing of shock stages by 10%, 25% and more than 110% compared to the control. When heated the erythrocyte aggregation increased with the transition of stress from one grade to another by 5%, 20% and 80% compared to the control and the increase of the amount of discharged blood was exacerbated at the first and second grades of the stress. During the third grade, even at low blood discharge the aggregation critically increased. The data obtained have shown that at hemorrhagic shock the stress developed according to the amount of blood loss, while in the stressful individuals of first and second grades, depending on the state of shock the aggregation increased analogously, but more intensely. The stress of third grade completely disturbed blood hemorheology even at the first stage of shock and induced lethality. The hemorrhagic shock, expending adaptive energy, stimulated the development of stress stages, but lethality occurred as a result of a critical blood loss. The organism receiving an external stress, was more exposed to hemorrhagic shock and lethality. Our findings appear to be only the first experimental session of this problem. Further research in this direction may shed light on the development of hemorheological component of stress reactions. Probably, this will be the basis of the preventive measures at risk factors for the development of hemorrhagic shock of various etiologies, as well as in the evaluation of stressful situations of various nature.
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Статья научная
Background: the present study was undertaken, to evaluate the protective effect of sodium selenite against mercuric chloride induced oxidative stress in experimental rats. Female Albinos Wistar rats randomly divided into four groups, were the first was served as a control, whereas the remaining groups respectively treated with: sodium selenite (1mg/ kg b.w; ip), mercuric chloride (1 mg/kg body weight i.p) and combination of sodium selenite and HgCl2. Change in liver enzyme activities, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) level, antioxidants and reduced glutathione (GSH) contents were determined after 10 days experimental period. Results: Exposure of rats to mercuric chloride caused a significant increase the lipid peroxidation level along with corresponding decrease in the reduced glutathione and various antioxidant enzymes in liver. And increase in serum: glucose level, APL and transaminases activities and decreased in total protein and albumin levels. Furthermore, treatment with mercuric chloride caused a marked elevation of liver weight and decreased body weight. Supplementation of sodium selenite resulted in decreased of lipid peroxidation level and in the serum: AST, ALT and APL activities were decreased along with increase in total protein, albumin and liver GSH levels. The activities of antioxidants enzymes: glutathione peroxidase (GSH -Px) and glutathione –S-transferase (GST) were also concomitantly restored to near normal level by sodium selenite supplementation to mercuric chloride intoxicated rats. Liver histological studies have confirmed the changes observed in biochemical parameters and proved the beneficial role of sodium selenite. Conclusion: The results clearly demonstrate that sodium selenite treatment augments the antioxidants defense mechanism in mercuric chloride induced toxicity and provides evidence that it may have a therapeutic role in free radical mediated diseases.
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Humic substances antistress activity at the corn seedlings
Статья научная
Under model conditions, the effect of potassium humate on some indicators in corn seedlings obtained from gamma-irradiated seeds was determined. A physicochemical analysis of potassium humate obtained from pine wood waste was carried out. In field and laboratory experiments, we studied the effect of potassium humate solutions on the morphological and biochemical parameters of corn seedlings obtained from irradiated seeds at doses of 50 and 100 Gy. In all experiments, solutions of potassium humate had a positive effect on the dynamics of growth and development of corn plants grown from irradiated seeds. The effect of potassium humate solutions on chlorophyll and carotenoid pigments, and on the photosynthetic activity (maximum quantum yield of PSII) of plants was studied. It has been established that the treatment of seeds with a 0.1% solution of potassium humate before irradiation reduces the amount of malondialdehyde, a product of lipid peroxidation. Seed treatment with 0.1% and 0.01% solutions of potassium humate before irradiation caused a significant reduction in the harmful effects of ionizing radiation on seedlings of corn plants.
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Статья научная
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase ( PAL ) have been reported as important signaling molecules during plant resistance against many fungal pathogens. In this study, the relative contributions of H2O2 and PAL were investigated at early time periods of barley infection with Cochliobolus sativus , the causal agent of spot blotch disease. H2O2 activity was observed in leaf tissues 24 hours post inoculation (hpi) and was accompanied with an increase in PAL expression in resistant and susceptible genotypes. However, the resistant genotype ‘Banteng’ contained higher levels of H2O2 and PAL , as compared with the susceptible one ‘WI 2291’. Results demonstrated that the cooperative function of H2O2 and PAL in barley responses to C. sativus appeared to be dependent on the plant genotype, and it is hypothesized that the peak of activity of PAL at 48h and 72 h, and the rapid increase in H2O2 24 h in resistant and susceptible genotypes are considered general defense responses.
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Статья научная
Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is characterized by absolute or relative deficiencies in insulin secretion and/or insulin action associated with chronic hypoglycemia clinical research has confirmed the efficacy of several plant extracts in the amelioration of diabetic disorders. Aim of the work hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities of the aqueous extract of Cleome droseriloia was investigated in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Methods and Results: A single dose of STZ (60mg/Kg body weight) produced a decrease in hepatic glycogen and GSH contents, hepatic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, superoxide dismutase, activities and HDL- cholesterol, whereas, hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase activity and level of MDA, cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol and VLDL-cholesterol were increased. An aqueous extract of Cleome droseriloia (500, 750 and 1000mg/Kg or Gliclazide (100mg/Kg) was administered orally once daily for two weeks to STZ-induced diabetic rats ameliorated hyperglycemia, improved lipid profile, amelioration of antioxidants and restored the metabolic enzymes of glucose to the normal value in the liver of STZ-treated rats. In addition, the administration of Cleome droserifolia induced the secretion of insulin from pancreatic rats. Furthermore, the hypoglycemic efficacy of one dose of aqueous extract Cleome droserifolia has extended to 12 hours. The effects produced by Cleome droserifolia extract were found to be comparable with that of gliclazide. Conclusion: The present results suggested that Cleome droserifolia could be used as antidiabetic complement of diabetes mellitus. This may be related to its insulin-induction action.
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Статья научная
A study is made of the distribution of 674 species of flowering plants in the phylogenetic system according to the specific applications of their active materials in traditional medicine in the prophylaxis or treatment of 21 virus diseases of humans and animals. The analysis revealed statistically reliable connections between the particular applications and the taxonomic position of plant species at the level of a family or a subclass, and connections between virus diseases according to the similarity of the sets of plant species that were used in their prophylaxis or treatment. We suggest the model correlating the taxonomic position with medical applications of plant species. We identified 62 plant species holding the greatest promise as regards the detection, further investigation and antiviral activity. These virus diseases at study are divided into 7 groups such as smallpox, rabies, respiratory infection, jaundice, warts, measles and others. Class Magnoliopsida is superior to class Liliopsida in occurrence of species used in various viral infections. The proportion of these species is most large in evolutionarily later subclasses out of class Magnoliopsida . The families from division Magnoliophyta have reliably increased occurrence of species used at least against one group of diseases such as Ranunculaceae (measles, smallpox), Fumariaceae (jaundice), Euphorbiaceae (rabies, warts), Tamaricaceae (jaundice), Malvaceae (respiratory infection), Dipsacaceae (respiratory infection), Sambucacea (rabies), Viburnaceae (respiratory infection), Trapaceae (rabies), Gentianaceae (rabies, jaundice), Solanaceae (respiratory infection, jaundice, rabies), Cuscutaceae (rabies), Lamiaceae (respiratory infection), Asteraceae (jaundice), Alismataceae (rabies). Closely related families are often similar on sets of infections in which species of these families are applied. Viral diseases are reliably interconnected with similarity of sets of plant species used in the prophylaxis or treatment. Particularly strong connections are "respiratory infections-jaundice", "respiratory infections-rabies", "measles-smallpox". The 62 plant species are recognized as the most promising for discovery, further study and use of their antiviral activity accounting established relations "family - disease" and "disease - disease ". The taxonomic status of plant species is associated with their medical applications using mathematical model. The model is constructed as the equations of the theory of reliability (effectiveness). It describes the changing the frequency of the usage of plant species along the parameter of level of evolutionary development of taxons on rank of subclass. The data on the frequency of application demonstrate good correlation with calculated values (R2 = 0.91) what allows to use the equations for forecasting and valuation.
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