Статьи журнала - Журнал стресс-физиологии и биохимии
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Статья научная
Among cereals, rice is known as the major components of our food consumption worldwide; however, recently accumulation of heavy metals in soil and water has emerged as big constraints for rice yields. This study was undertaken with analyzing the impacts of various heavy metals (Hg, Co, Ni, Cd, Zn and Cu) stress treatments on seed germination and early seedling growth in coastal red rice ( Oryza sativa L. cv. Poongar) crop. Responses in terms of germination percentage mean were recorded as partial germination and full germination after 5-days and 10-days of stress treatments respectively. Moreover, stress responses of heavy metals during early seedling growth were measured in terms of root and shoot lengths of the seedlings after 10-days of treatments. Mature seeds were initially treated with HgCl2 (0.01%, 0.1% and 1.0%) and equivalent concentrations of CoCl2, NiCl2 and CdCl2 (1.0mg/L, 5.0mg/L, 10mg/L, 25mg/L and 50mg/L) followed by ZnSO4 and CuSO4 solutions (0.5mg/L, 1.0mg/L, 2.5mg/L and 5.0mg/L). Results reveal that HgCl2 even at very low concentration (0.01%), was found to be the lethal for seed germination (5±0.0%), however, these poorly germinated seeds were further failed to grow into seedlings. Like HgCl2, CoCl2 was also found to exhibit strong toxicity but at high concentration (50mg/L) where seed germination was completely lacking. Furthermore, unlike CoCl2, NiCl2 solution was found to be less toxic where germination frequency was recorded as (12±0.0%) and suppressed root formation completely at high concentration (50mg/L). Moreover, among chloride solutions of cobalt, nickel and cadmium, CdCl2 was proved as little weak inhibitor because complete seedling development with root-shoot length was observed at high concentration (50mg/L) and root-shoot length ratio (0.28±0.19cm/0.96±0.23cm) was recorded as compared to control seedlings (3.97±0.71cm/4.52±0.45cm). Furthermore, in case of sulphate solutions of zinc and copper, ZnSO4 stress proves to be strongly lethal even at very low concentration (5.0mg/L) and seed germination was completely lacking in comparison to CuSO4 treatment (15±0.0%). However, CuSO4-treated germinated seeds were grown into incomplete seedlings without roots (0.0cm/0.05±0.02cm) after 10-days of treatments. Hence this study shows that HgCl2 proves to be the most toxic heavy metal for seed germination and early seedling growth followed by ZnSO4, CuSO4, CoCl2 and NiCl2 while CdCl2 was emerged as the least inhibitory heavy metals among all tested metals in rice crop.
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Evaluation of some upland cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) varieties for salinity tolerance screening
Статья научная
This investigation aimed to evaluate five upland cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) (Aleppo118, Aleppo33/1, Aleppo90, Raqqa5, and Deir-Ezzor22) varieties based on physiological indices and genetic variation using AFLP marker. These varieties were evaluated under control and saline conditions (50, 100 & 200 mM NaCl) for 56 days. Various physiological indices were detected in this investigation. In this respect, Deir-Ezzor22 variety differed by showing high salt tolerance relative to the other tested varieties. Otherwise, PCR amplification with 7 AFLP PCs primer combinations revealed that Deir-Ezzor22 variety characterized by 15 unique positive markers compared to the other tested varieties. Based on physiological study and AFLP technique, it can be concluded that genetic variation detected by AFLP marker supported the physiological indices among the tested cotton varieties. These varieties present considerable interest for genetic studies and plant improvement.
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Статья научная
Background: Taste perception is an integral part of a person’s life. This perception gets altered due to many factors, one of which is diabetes mellitus. There is limited data on the taste alteration for sweet in Type 1 diabetics. Objective: To evaluate the sweet taste perception in subjects with type 1 diabetes by the mouth threshold index test. Methods: A cross-sectional study with 200 subjects inclusive of both sexes. The subjects were grouped into 2:100 control, composed of non-diabetics, and 100 tests, with Type 1 diabetic patients were recruited from Endocrinology Out patient department at Osmania General Hospital, Hyderabad to take part in this study. Sensitivity test in determining threshold index for sensory perception was analyzed. The tests were conducted on 5 sections containing different concentrations of glucose. Statistical analysis: The two groups were statistically analyzed using Chi square test with P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Among the study population, majority of participants had 0.25M (51 (51%) in non-diabetic and 28 (28%) in diabetic), 0.50M (26 (26%) in non-diabetic and 37 (37%) in diabetic) and 1M (11 (11%) in non-diabetic and 23 (23%) in diabetic) as concentration at which sweet taste was perceived. Type diabetics showed less sensitive to sweet stimuli compared to controls. Conclusion: Type 1 diabetes patients showed greater threshold index for sweet taste perception, this finding could further result in increased sweet intake leading increased blood sugar levels in these patients.
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Evaluation of the effect of oxidative stress on roots of red beet ( Beta vulgaris L.)
Статья научная
In the present investigation it was studied the effect of oxidative stress on root of red beet. The degree of stress exposure was assessed at various levels: in tissues of roots (conductometric method), on isolated vacuoles (time-lapse video recording), and transport activity of the vacuolar membrane enzyme, namely V-H +-ATPase (fluorescent probe method). The obtained results allow to conclude the negative effects of oxidative stress on different levels of plant organization. There were several effects: a significant increase of outflow of electrolytes from the tissues of roots, a great decrease of half-life time of isolated vacuoles, and a 2 times reduction of transport activity of tonoplast H +-ATPase. Thus, the methods used in this study can be applied to assess the intensity of the impact of oxidative stress on plants.
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Статья научная
Background: A study was conducted to evaluate the serum biochemical and oxidative stress parameters of catfish ( Clarias gariepinus ) obtained from homestead ponds in Makurdi metropolis, Nigeria, in order to establish changes due to stress from transportation, following the pretreatment of transporting water with palm oil and aqua anti-stress. Serum samples were obtained from the blood collected from the fish a day before, just before loading the fish, immediately after journey, and 3 days post-transportation. The samples were used to analyze for some oxidative stress markers like malon dialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and other biochemical parameters such as; alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TRG). Results: There was a significant (p0.05) difference in MDA levels of PA group compared with the control after the journey. However, there was no significant (p>0.05) difference in the MDA levels of aqua anti-stress agent-treated water (A) group compared with the control, before the journey and after the journey. There was a significantly (P0.05) difference in the ALT, AST and ALP activities of aqua anti-stress agent-treated water (A) group when compared with the control, before the journey and after the journey. There was no significant (p>0.05) difference in the TC and TRG levels of A, PA and PB groups when compared with the control group, before the journey and after the journey. The ALT, AST and ALP activities of the fish transported in water treated with palm oil were markedly reduced at the end of the journey when compared with the levels just before the journey. Conclusion: The findings of this study have shown that both aqua anti-stress agent and palm oil may improve the biochemical parameters of African catfish, which enhanced their responses to stress during the eight hour journey but the conventional anti-stress agent was more effective than palm oil.
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Статья научная
The possible involvement of the methylglyoxal and proline accumulation in leaves and roots of three pistachio rootstocks, cv. Sarakha, Abareqi and Bane baghi, pre-inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus ( Glomus mosseae ) in response to salt stress was studied during a greenhouse experiment in 2013. Six months old pistachio seedlings were exposed to four salinity levels of irrigation water (EC of 0.5 as control, 5, 10 and 15 dS m -1) for 70 days. Methylglyoxal and proline of the roots and leaves were increased by increasing salt stress. The highest concentrations of proline in leaves and roots were recorded in Abareqi rootstock while the lowest concentration was observed in Sarakhs. In general, a negative relationship was obtained between proline and methylglyoxal concentrations in both tissues especially at two highest levels of salinity. A very strong relationship between salinity and measured biochemical markers were found. The level of both biomarkers were reduced in both tissues and in all rootstocks as the effect of mycorrhizal symbiosis. Root colonization percentage was declined as the effect of salinity in Abareqi and Bane baghi and not in Sarakhs.
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Evaluation of water stress tolerance in advanced breeding lines of durum and bread wheat using 13C
Статья научная
Dry matter (DM), nitrogen uptake (TN) along with water (WUE) and nitrogen (15NUE) use efficiencies in twelve advanced breeding lines (ACSAD) and two varieties (Cham1&6) of durum (DW) and bread (BW) wheat grown under well water (I1) and water stress conditions (I2) were evaluated using 15N and Δ13C. Water stress decreased Δ13C in all studied genotypes. The extent of the decrease in Δ by stress was relatively higher in BW (-1.08‰) than DW (-0.8‰). Cham1 (DW) exhibited the highest DM, TN, NUE, WUE and Δ13C values under I1, indicating its suitability to be grown under irrigated conditions. However, ACSAD1261 (DW) seemed to be a promising line to be grown in semi arid areas due to higher values in the aforementioned criteria under I2. For BW, the highest DM of ACSAD59 under I1 may suggest its suitability to be grown under well irrigated conditions. However, DM of ACSAD883 and 1115 were not affected by watering regime. Additionally, due to the high DM of Cham6 and ACSAD1135 in both watering regimes, and because of the decrease in Δ13C values under stress, it can be suggested that they could be suitable for both irrigated and water stress conditions. Since Δ13C values were affected by wheat genotype and watering regime as a result of the effects on the balance between stomatal conductance and carboxilation, it cannot be relied, completely, upon this technique to select drought tolerant genotypes. Therefore, we suggest that using Δ13C along with agro-physiological parameters are better selection criteria for water stress tolerance in breeding programs than when used separately.
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Статья научная
One of the most important limiting factors in spread of apricot in Iran is late spring frost, which damages flower bud and decrease total yield of crop. It has been found that ascorbic acid (AA) plays a beneficial role during plant response to chilling and freezing stresses. To evaluate the effects of AA on alleviating of cold stress, the flower buds of Prunus armeniaca L. cv. Shahroudi were sprayed at pink cluster stage with AS at 4 levels (0, 100, 200 and 300 mg. L -1) and were then exposed to artificial cold stress (4 h at – 4 °C) or without cold stress (+ 25°C). Experimental attributes including electrolyte leakage (EL) of flower buds and percentage of damage of pistil, anthers and petals to temperature treatments were determined. The results showed that at - 4°C the lowest and highest percentage of damage and EL of flower buds were observed in application of 200 and 0 mg.L -1 AA, respectively. The highest and lowest percentage of damage of flower organs and EL were obtained in application of 300 and 200 mg. L -1 AA, respectively at + 25 °C. Based on the results of this experiment, AA alleviates the negative effect of cold stress on EL and flower organ damages in apricot cv. Shahroudi, depending on the concentrations of AA used.
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Exogenous application of growth regulators in snap bean under water and salinity stress
Статья научная
Salinity and moisture limiting crop productivity due an imbalance between concentrations of auxins, gibberellins, cytokinin, ABA and ethylene. applications of growth regulators to alleviate salinity stress can be an economic and safe alternative to environment. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of salinity (0, 1000 and 2000 ppm of NaCl), soil moisture (30 and 60%) and exogenous application of growth regulators (control, 5 mL L-1 at the Beginning of flowering and 5 mL L-1 in vegetative stage - Beginning of flowering) and the combinations of three factors in snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Concentrations of 2000 ppm reduced biomass and pod production in 35.5 and 45%, respectively. The humidity had no effects in biomass production and pod number. With the application of growth regulators in the vegetative stage - beginning of flowering, the weight and number of pods were increased. The greater biomass and yield was observed with 0 ppm, 60humidity and application of growth regulators in the beginning of flowering. However, with: 1000 ppm, 30% of humidity and application in B. flowering, the biomass production was statistically similar. Our conclusion suggests that the application of growth regulators can be economical and easily applicable for farmers.
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Статья научная
Introduction: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs which regulate gene expression by cleavage or repression of target genes at post-transcriptional level by translational inhibition/ mRNA degradation. Niger (Guizotia abyssinica) is an important oilseed crop widely grown in India. Identification and expression of non-coding RNAs during abiotic remains unclear till date. Methodology: Small RNA library was constructed by high throughput sequencing from control and stress tissues. Target genes of identified miRNAs were predicted using psRNATarget and their GO terms were annotated. The results were validated using RT-qPCR.
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Exploring the role of high-temperature stress on medicinal plants: a review
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The earth is becoming warmer day by day, consistent with the study earth's temperature has ascended to 0.74 °C and is close to increasing from 1.8° C to 4° C by 2100. Worldwide heating is anticipating endure a typically terrible impact on plant ontogenesis. Plants' diversity and productivity are adversely suffering from abiotic ecological factors. Thermal stress is now becoming the main concern for plants everywhere. The growing risk of climatological extremes, such as very excessive temperatures, might result in a catastrophic lack of crop productiveness and bring about extensive famine. Within the boom situation of plant life, several secondary metabolites are produced with the aid of them to serve a ramification of cell capabilities vital for physiological approaches. In developing nations, aromatic and medicinal vegetation is still utilizing in conventional and alternative drug treatments. In India, medicinal vegetation is being used in conventional medication to treat diverse illnesses. Within the past years, numerous research highlighted the healing properties and biological activities of medicinal plants such as Artemisia annua , A. sativum, Andrographis paniculata, Cymbopogon flexuosus , Foeniculum vulgar, Ferula asafoetida Mentha piperita, Solanum nigrum, Piper nigrum, Tagetes minuta, Trigonella foenum, Ocimum sanctum. Excessive levels of heat in medicinal vegetation exploitation are caused by abiotic stress outcomes with the production of ROS inside the cell chambers of a plant cell, which ultimately have a tremendous effect on secondary metabolite production. The excessive temperature has a wide variety of consequences on plant life in phrases of physiology, biochemistry, and gene regulatory pathways. Right here, we provide an assessment of the impact of temperature on numerous medicinal flora.
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Статья научная
The objective of the present study investigated on the effects Satureia hortensis L seeds exposure to magnetic fields on seed germination, early growth and enzyme activity, under laboratory conditions Satureia hortensis seeds (dry and wet) were studied after treating with different intensities of magnetic field (0, 25, 50 and 75 mT) and exposure time (0, 30 and 60 min). There were significant effects among treatments for germination percentage, root length, shoot length, seedling dry mass and seedling vigor index in Satureia hortensis seeds under different magnetic intensity. In the germinating seeds enzyme activities of α-amylase, dehydrogenase and protease were significantly higher in treated seeds in contrast to control.
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Статья научная
The effect of osmotic, drought and salt stresses on the induction of boiling-stable proteins were studied in C-306 (drought tolerant) and HD-2004 (drought susceptible) cultivars of Triticum aestivum. Western blotting analysis, using polyclonal antibodies raised against a 20 kDa A. thaliana cyclophilin, the induction of a cross-reacting band (40 kDa, BsCyp) in cv. 306. However no substantial expression was observed in drought sensitive cv. HD-2004, indicating its role in water stress adaptation. Thermostability studies of BsCyp in cv. 306 revealed that BsCyp was stable and can be detected even after 20 min of boiling treatment under all the stresses. Based upon these observations the possible role of BsCyp in water stress tolerance is discussed.
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Статья научная
Spot blotch (SB), caused by the fungus Cochliobolus sativus , is most efficiently controlled by using fungicides such as triadimefon (TDM) a triazole group member. This pathogen has the ability to develop resistance against TDM due to its high genetic variability, short lifecycle and plentiful inoculum yield. However, no experimental evidences of the direct contribution of ABC transporters in TDM resistance are available so far. Therefore, changes in ABC1 and ABC2 genes in avirulent Pt1 and virulent Pt4 C. sativus pathotypes were monitored at early time points of TDM treatments using quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR). Our results revealed that ABC1 and ABC2 expressions increased in both virulent and avirulent pathotypes at 24 hours post TDM treatments in comparison with non-treated controls. The most outstanding differences in ABC1 and ABC2 expressions were 3.2 and 1.2-fold, in avirulent Pt1 and 4.2 and 1.5-fold respectively, for virulent Pt4, respectively, after 48 hours of 0.125 µg mL-1TDM treatment. According to results, it is likely that ABC1 and ABC2 genes might play a role in signaling actions during C. sativus exposure to triazole fungicides.
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Expression of circadian genes in dietary stress induced Drosophila melanogaster
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Circadian rhythm, the 24-hour cycles in physiological processes, are governed by circadian genes. In Drosophila melanogaster (fruit flies), these genes regulate various biological functions, including metabolism, sleep-wake cycles, and aging. This study explores the expression of circadian genes under different dietary stress conditions, including high fat, high sugar, high alcohol, high protein, and starvation diets. In Drosophila , Period, Timeless, Clock, and Cycle are the primary circadian genes, which play crucial roles in maintaining these rhythms. The regulatory mechanisms involve feedback loops where proteins encoded by these genes interact to regulate their own expression and that of other genes. Dietary stress can significantly impact circadian gene expression, leading to disruptions in the circadian clock and metabolic pathways. High fat and high sugar diets, for instance, can induce metabolic dysregulation and obesity, while high alcohol intake affects liver function and metabolism. Starvation and high protein diets also alter metabolic pathways, potentially impacting aging and lifespan. This study investigates these impacts at the molecular level, highlighting the intersection between dietary stress, circadian gene expression, and aging signaling pathways.
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Статья научная
Plants respond to the environmental cues in various ways, recent knowledge of RNA interference in conferring stress tolerance had become a new hope of developing tolerant varieties. Here we attempt to unfold the molecular mechanism of stress tolerance through miRNA profiling and expression analysis in Finger millet (Eleusine coracona) under salt and drought stress conditions. The expression analysis of 12 stress specific conserved miRNAs was studied using semi-quantitative real time PCR and Northern blot assay. Our studies revealed that, although most of the miRNAs responded to the stresses, the expression of particular miRNA differed with the nature of stress and the tissue. The expression analysis was correlated with the existing data of their target genes. Abiotic stress up-regulated miRNAs are expected to target negative regulators of stress responses or positive regulators of processes that are inhibited by stresses. On the other hand, stress down-regulated miRNAs may repress the expression of positive regulators and/or stress up-regulated genes. Thus the current study of miRNAs and their targets under abiotic stress conditions displays miRNAs may be good candidates to attribute the stress tolerance in plants by transgenic technology.
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Статья научная
Rationale. This article presents a study of the stress response to the effects of water deficiency in various genotypes of Scots pine, contrasting in seed yield, breeding genotypes of silver and downy birch, hybrids of black, white poplar and intersectional poplar hybrids.
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Extracellular polysaccharides of potato ring rot pathogen
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Many bacteria, including phytopathogenic ones produce extracellular polysaccharides or exopolysaccharides which are universal molecules. Causal agent of potato ring rot, Clavibacter michiganensis subspecies sepedonicus, secretes exopolysaccharides which role in pathogenesis is poorly investigated. The aim of our research is to ascertain the composition and structure of Clavibacter michiganensis subspecies sepedonicus exopolysaccharides. Exopolysaccharides of Clavibacter michiganensis subspecies sepedonicus are determined to consist of 4-6 anionic and neutral components which have molecular weights from 700 kDa. Glucose is a major monomer of polysaccharides and arabinose, rhamnose and mannose are minor monomers. Glucose is present in α-D-glucopyranose and β-D-glucopyranose configurations. Calcium is determined to be a component of exopolysaccharides. Components of exopolysaccharides of potato ring rot pathogen are probably capable to associate via calcium ions and other ionic interactions that may result in a change of their physiological activity. Further studies of Clavibacter michiganensis subspecies sepedonicus exopolysaccharides composition and structure can serve a base for the synthesis of their chemical analogues with elicitor action.
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Статья научная
In this study, extraction, partial purification and characterization of an antioxidant enzyme catalase present in chilli ( Capsicum annuum , var. Azad mirch-1) plant. Catalase enzyme was collected from fresh leaves, fruits and roots of chilli plant in the Rama University UP, Kanpur (India). 100 g of fresh tissues were taken and grinded in the mortar pistil till the fine homogenous slurry formed. Then 10g of PVPP was added along with 50 ml buffer (Sodium phosphate, 0.1M, pH 7.2), and 1g ascorbic acid. The extracted protein was fractionated with ammonium sulphate and partially purified with the use of SG-150 gel filtration column. Chilli leaf catalase has shown its optimum activity in pH 7.2 at 30oC. The native molecular weight of catalase present in the chilli leaf was found 59 kDa. The Km value was recorded 9.2 mM for H2O2 and Vmax value was found 1.41 IU/mg X 10-3 for the chilli leaf catalase. The enzyme has shown linearity after 8mg/ml enzyme concentration. Chlilli catalase was purified up to 50.83 purification fold. The catalase enzyme activity was also recorded in the chilli fruits and roots separately.
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