Статьи журнала - Журнал стресс-физиологии и биохимии
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Статья научная
Background : Stress is a common entity, widely spoken about among the working population, for which a safe and effective remedy is needed. Purpose of the study : To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of Arogh plus a polyherbal formulation, towards stress relieving properties in a randomized clinical trial in volunteers. Results : The clinical benefit of stress was reinforced by way of significant reduction in serum cortisol, increase in total count and reduction of symptoms pertaining to stress in a randomized clinical trial in volunteers carried out at Rohini Holistic Health centre. Conclusion :Arogh plus is an effective formulation in relieving stress and improving the quality of life.
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Evaluating the consequences of fluoride poisoning on proximate compositions of Amaranthus dubius
Статья научная
The effect of fluoride on proximate compositions such as contents of protein, carbohydrate and fat from leaves, stems, roots and seeds were studied using various concentrations of sodium fluoride in the water used to irrigate the plant Amaranthus dubius. The results showed that Amaranthus dubius which receives only water (control) had higher amount of protein (10.04µg/g) in its leaves and low amount of protein (0.63 µg/g) in the roots of Amaranthus dubius watered with 50ppm of sodium fluoride on the 55th day of growth. The amount of protein decreases when concentration of sodium fluoride increases. The amount of carbohydrate (µg/g) in leaves of all experimentally challenged Amaranthus dubius varied from 2.0µg/g - 42.3µg/g (minimum in roots to maximum in leaves) when estimated from 15 to 55 days. Amaranthus dubius watered with 50ppm concentration of sodium fluoride showed higher amount of carbohydrate which is much higher than the carbohydrate content present in the leaves of Amaranthus dubius grown as control. The maximum presence of fat was found in the leaves of Amaranthus dubius watered with 50ppm of sodium fluoride from day 15 to 55 (1.4µg/g-0.52 µg/g).
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Evaluation and genetic polymorphism studies of jatropha (Jatropha curcus) for water stress tolerance
Статья научная
Jatropha (Jatropha curcus) is an alternative resource for biodiesel. To boost the rural economy in sustainable manner it is estimated that 30 Million hector plantation may replace current use of fossil fuel. Although Jatropha has an inbuilt ability to grow under water limited conditions, scanty information is available about natural genetic variation for water stress tolerance. Three local genotypes from Pune district were collected and initially screened by imparting artificial stress using PEG - 6000. Seedlings were subjected to increasing concentration of PEG - 6000 (30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 gm/l) to study effect on growth parameters. The root growth, number of secondary roots, true leaf expansion at morphological level and palisade mesophyll height, xylem vessel expansion at anatomical level showed drastic negative impact as compared to control. It is worth to note that local germplasm performance was categorized into susceptible group as compared to tolerant genotype [Chattisgadh Selection] indicating need for genetic improvement. These genotypes were further studied at molecular level with RAPD and ISSR markers to amplify genetic variation. Polymorphic bands from Chattisgadh selection genotype are being evaluated for their usefulness as markers for water stress tolerance.
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Статья научная
The present study was aimed to establish the induction of embryogenic callus followed by plantlet regeneration under the drought stress conditions induced by Polyethylene glycol (PEG) and Mannitol in Indian Black rice (Oryza sativa L, Co 57), a traditional Indian cereal food. Mature caryopsis was used as an explant for the induction of embryogenic callus cultured on Murashige and Skoog (1962) medium fortified with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2.0mg/L) either alone or in combination with various concentrations of mannitol (25mM, 50mM, 100mM, 150mM, and 200mM) and also on medium enriched with various concentrations of PEG (0.5%, 1.0%, 2.5%, 5.0%, and 7.0%) in order to achieve the drought tolerant embryogenic callus. Moreover, plantlet regeneration could be possible from the sub-culture of embryogenic callus to MS-medium fortified with 2.0mg/L of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) in combination with 0.5mg/L of α- Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) in presence of mannitol (25mM, 50mM, 100mM, and 150mM) and also on PEG (0.5%, 1.0%, 2.5%, and 5.0%) supplemented regeneration medium. Results revealed that mannitol concentration was increased up to (200 mM) in presence of 2, 4-D (2.0mg/L) was proved to be lethal for the induction of somatic embryogenesis followed by plantlet regeneration. However, mature caryopsis explants cultured on high concentration of mannitol (150mM) fortified nutrient medium produces the low frequency (33.23±1.84a %) of somatic embryogenesis and also the minimum number (4.98 ± 0.28a) of somatic embryos per callus. Similarly, the high concentration of PEG (5.0 %) produces the low frequency (21.66±1.61a %) of somatic embryogenesis and minimum number (4.04 ±0.57a) of somatic embryos per callus. Significantly, the high concentration (150mM) of mannitol with BAP (2.0mg/L) and NAA (0.5mg/L) was observed to produce the low frequency of drought tolerant plantlet regeneration (10±0.57a %) and minimum number (1.80±0.21a) of plantlets per embryogenic callus whereas during PEG treatments, the lowest frequency (8.12 ±0.58a %) of plantlet regeneration and the minimum number (1.61 ±0.19a) of plantlet regeneration could be recorded. Furthermore, drought tolerant plantlets were transferred to plastic cup soil and gradually acclimatized under the greenhouse conditions. Present study thus establishes regeneration technique under drought conditions in black rice crops that could be useful for the improvement in rice crop in general and black rice in particular.
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Статья научная
Background: Exposure to environmental contaminants, including carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), induces hepatic damage. Certain extracts from Dolichandrone atrovirens (Bignoniaceae) protect against such damage. Results: This research examines the preventive effects of hydroalcoholic extracts from the leaves of D. atrovirens (HE-DA) versus liver damage produced by CCl4 in rats. HE-DA was delivered orally to rats at three dosages (100, 200, and 300 mg/kg) in conjunction with CCl4 (1 mL/kg in olive oil) for three weeks. Lipid profile indices, peroxidation levels, and antioxidant activity were assessed in rats' liver tissue. TC, TG, PL, FFA, and LDL levels were reduced. Hepatic malondialdehyde concentrations were decreased, and antioxidant activities were modified in rats treated with HE-DA. Histopathological analysis of the liver revealed that HE-DA therapy decreased fatty degeneration, cytoplasmic vacuolisation, and necrosis. Conclusion: HE-DA had a protective effect against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in rats, whose antioxidant capabilities may have mediated this effect.
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Статья научная
Cereals in general and millets in particular have been identified as major food crops globally and increase in crop production is required to meet the demands of the ever increasing global population. However, continuous climatic variations or abiotic stresses have led the drastic reduction in food grain yields. In view of affects of abiotic stresses on food crops plants, present study was undertaken to analyze the comparative responses of salinity stresses induced by various concentrations of NaCl (50mM, 100mM, 250mM and 500mM) and sea water (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) during seed germination and seedling growth under ex-vitro conditions in kodo millet (Paspalum scrobiculatum L.). After 6-days and 12-days of salinity stress treatments, observations were recorded and after 12-days of treatments, results reveal that salinity stress caused by NaCl-salt concentration (250mM) proves to be very lethal causing strong seed germination and therefore, the mean germination frequency (33% ±0.530 was recorded while further increase in NaCl concentration (500mM) was found to be fully toxic and seed germination frequency was obtained as zero in comparison to control experiment (94% ±0.35). Similarly, in case of salinity stress induced by sea water treatments, 25% of the sea water concentration was found to cause strong promotion instead of inhibition and (71% ±0.17) of the seeds could exhibit promotion in germination frequency and further increase in sea water concentration (50%) and above was turned out to be fully toxic. Furthermore, during biochemical studies, protein contents in the tissues growing under NaCl-salinity stresses at (50mM, 100mM and 250mM) were estimated and significantly it was found to decline with the increase in concentration of NaCl-salt stress solutions. After 12th days of treatments, protein contents were found to be minimum (198.2 mg/g) in the tissues that were growing in high concentration of NaCl (250mM) solution than the control solution (476.4mg/g) grown tissues.
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Статья научная
Introduction: The study of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is intricate and its complete understanding is yet to be achieved. The hormones testosterone and dihydrotestosterone have a permissive and important role in male fertility. Growth factors and other hormones like estrogens and factors that may contribute to the development of BPH. Objective: This study investigated the ameliorating potential of polyherbal leave extract of Stinging nesttle, Vernonia amygdalina, Milk thistle and roots of Musa Paradisiaca on Testosterone Propionate-Induced Benign prostatic hyperplasia in male wistar rats. Methods: A total of 36 male rats were used in this study. They were grouped into 6 groups of 6 rats each. Benign prostate hyperplasia was induced in the rats using the intraperitoneal administration of 5 mg/kg testosterone propionate injection subcutaneously and 1 hour later treated with polyherbal extract for 28 consecutive days. Semen sample was collected for spermatozoa quality, morphology and gonadosomatic indices using standard protocols. Results: The study showed that the induction of BPH brought about some adverse effect on spermatozoa proportion, quality, normal spermatozoa and testicular and prostate weight relative to normal control. Sperm abnormalities like those with bent mid-piece were seen. The findings showed that the administration of SVMM extract had a significant positive impact on the sperm cell abnormalities, significant reduction in testicular and prostate weight thus, leading to the restoration of the sperm cell morphology and potentially improving fertility. Conclusions: These findings demonstrated that the use of SVMM can reduce the harmful effects of Testosterone Propionate-Induced Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and enhance fertility by restoring the quality semen and sperm morphology to their normal state in rats.
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Статья научная
The present study aimed to evaluate the allelopathic potential of root extract of Rumex dentatus L. and various allelochemicals on some physiological parameters in roots of Cicer arietinum L. The tested allelochemicals were benzoic, caffeic, cinnamic, ferulic, gallic, sinapic and vanillic acids. Seed germination of Cicer was inhibited by Rumex extract. Lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide production increased gradually in response to extract concentration as well as allelochemicals treatment. The total soluble protein decreased whereas the total phenol increased under the various treatments. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD: 1.15.1.1) and catalase (CAT: 1.11.1.6) increased continuously with increasing extract concentration. However, peroxidase (POD: 1.11.1.7) increased sharply at 2% (w/v) followed by reduction at the higher concentrations and reached 1.1 U g-1 fresh weight at 10% (w/v) which was still higher than that of the control value. Ferulic acid was the most effective inducer for SOD activity followed by cinnamic acid. The POD activity increased remarkably particularly with cinnamic, benzoic and gallic acids. Sinapic, ferulic and coumaric acids enhanced CAT activity by 150.4%, 139.5% and 124.4%, respectively. The results reveal the possible use of R. dentatus as bioherbicide.
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Evaluation of antiulcer activity of Crateva magna (Lour.) Dc in Wistar albino rats
Статья научная
The Antiulcer activity of aqueous leaf extract of Crateva magna (Lour) DC. was investigated on Ethanol induced ulcer model and Aspirin induced model in wistar rats. In both models the common parameters determined was ulcer index, ulcer score, gastric pH, free and total acidity, Antioxidant parameters such as glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, lipid peroxides. The aqueous leaf extract of Crateva magna (Lour) DC. dosage 150, and 300 mg/kg produced significant inhibition of gastric lesion induced by Ethanol induced ulcer and Aspirin induced ulcer. The aqueous leaf extract of Crateva magna (Lour) DC. dosage 150, and 300 mg/kg showed significant reduction in free acidity, total acidity, and ulcer index as compared to disease control. The study indicates that aqueous leaf extract of Crateva magna (Lour) DC. have potential antiulcer activity in both models. These results indicated that Crateva magna (Lour) DC. displayed an antiulcerogenic effect due to its cytoprotective activity. Besides antioxidant potential of plant extract scavenged the free radicals produced by Ethanol induction, Aspirin induced ulcer and healed the ulcers.
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Статья научная
The effects of two superabsorbents (natural-bentonite) and (synthetic-A 200) on the chlorophyll fluorescence index, proline accumulation, phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity and total carbohydrate in lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L.) was evaluated. For this purpose, a factorial experiment using completely randomized design with superabsorbents at 3 levels (0, 0.15, 0.30 w/w%), drought stress at 2 levels (60 and 100% of field capacity) and 4 replicates was conducted. Results showed that photosystem photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) II under drought stress (60% FC) as well as lower levels of bentonite superabsorbent polymer reduced. The minimum and maximum proline content were obtained in 0.3% bentonite, 100% FC and 0 benetonite, 60% FC, respectively. The lowest and highest phenolic compounds was corresponded to the highest levels in both super absorbents and control respectively, so that the super absorbent and bentonite, reduced phenolic compounds by 62.65 and 66.21% compared to control. 0 and 0.15 wt % bentonite in high drought stress (60% FC) showed the highest and 0.3 wt % bentonite and 100% FC attained the lowest level of antioxidant activity. Control bentonite treatment beds at 60% FC and beds containing 0.3 wt. % bentonite in 100% FC, showed the lowest and the highest total carbohydrate content respectively. Results of this study indicate that bentonite can reduce the negative effects of drought stress similar to artificial super absorbent.
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Evaluation of genetic diversity of an Algerian durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) collection
Статья научная
Durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) has been extensively cultivated in Algeria for many centuries. During this long period, the species encountered a large diversification implied by the great diversity of climates that led to great genetic diversity of the species. The purpose of this study is to improve the management of phytogenetic resources that can serve as potential breeders for the amelioration of wheat. The study aims at evaluating the diversity of 1019 accessions of durum wheat from different regions of Algeria and which are stored at the Constantine ITGC. The analysis of the results concerning phenological and morphophysiological characters revealed an important intra and intervarietal genetic variability. Subsequently it appeared that the 1019 accessions belong to 19 botanic varieties that differ mainly by the cob, silk and grain colours. Among the characters involved in this study, some appeared to have a direct connection with the adaptation to water stress and thus allowed us identifying the most resistant varieties
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Статья научная
This study focuses on the groundwater found at depths of 10-20 meters in the Amudarya district of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, within Uzbekistan. The primary objective of the research is to determine the suitability of this water for irrigating plants that are not resistant to environmental stress. Water samples were collected from 12 wells over the period of 2020-2024, and laboratory analyses were conducted based on four key indicators: Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), chloride (Cl⁻), potential of Hydrogen (pH), and nitrate (NO₃⁻). To assess the overall water quality, the “Weighted Arithmetic Water Quality Index (WA-WQI)” and the “Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME)” models were used. According to the research findings, the overall quality of groundwater in the Amudarya district falls under the “Unsuitable for drinking and fish culture” category according to the WA-WQI model and the “poor” category according to the CCME WQI model, limiting its use for irrigating plants with low tolerance. The novelty of this study lies in the confirmation that groundwater is unsuitable for irrigating plants that are not resistant to environmental stress. However, it can be used for irrigating certain semi-tolerant and tolerant plant species.
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Статья научная
In order to evaluate the inter-specific hybrid of P. atlantica Desf. and P. vera L. cv. ‘Badami- Riz-e- Zarand’ to salinity stress, a factorial experiment was conducted based on completely randomized design with 0, 60 and 120 mM of salinity levels of sodium chloride, calcium chloride and magnesium chloride (3:2:1) with four replications on ‘Qazvini’, ‘Badami-Riz-e-Zarand’ and inter-specific of P. atlantica × P. vera cv. ‘Badami-Rize-Zarand’ rootstocks of pistachio. The results showed that salinity has increased proline content of leaves. Chlorophyll index, relative water content of leaf, leaf area, shoot and root fresh and dry weight, stem diameter and number of leaves were decreased by increasing salinity. Rootstocks responded differently to salinity, so that the most reduction in chlorophyll index, leaf area and leaf number were observed in ‘Badami-Riz-e-Zarand’ rootstock and the least reduction was observed in the hybrid.
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Статья научная
To evaluate drought stress's morphological, physiological, biochemical responses on the vegetative stage of rice cultivars, a pot experiment was carried out using a complete randomized design (CRD) with three replications during the rice growing season of three experimental years (2021 to 2023). Five rice cultivars, namely Chakhao poireiton, Chakhao angangba, Chakhao angouba, and Heitup phou, collected from Wangbal rice research Centre, Thoubal, Manipur, and drought drought-tolerant check variety, namely Sahbhagi Dhan, for comparison of tolerance to drought stress was used as a positive control, collected from International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Odisha. The five rice cultivars were subjected to four different levels (0, 10, 15, and 20 days) of drought stress treatments. Our studies revealed that under drought stress treatment, out of the five rice cultivars, R002 and R003 cultivars were found to be significantly reduced in plant height, tiller number per hill, chlorophyll accumulation, and RWC %, whereas R001 and R004 were least affected as compared to the tolerant check cultivars(R005). Drought stress induced significant accumulation of osmolytes and antioxidant activity, while out of the five rice cultivars, maximum accumulation was observed in R001 and R004 compared to R005 cultivars. The overall conclusion from this study, in comparison to the drought-tolerant cultivar, R004 and R001cultivars possessed maximum degree of drought tolerance and showed more triggered activity antioxidant enzyme, proline content, total soluble sugar, total phenolic content, total soluble protein content, and free amino acid content, while cultivars R002 and R003 found to be more sensitive to drought stress.
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Статья научная
This study investigated nutritional and phytochemical properties of three multipurpose savannah plants: Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Hibiscus sabdariffa and Morinda lucida . Proximate, mineral and anti-nutrient contents of leaves, stems and roots of the plants were determined. Data obtained were analysed using Statistical Analysis System (SAS). One way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was conducted to determine significant difference between parameters. Means were separated using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test at p
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Evaluation of oxidative stress in brucella infected cows
Статья научная
Oxidative stress can influence the metabolism of cells in vital organs of the body. Oxidative stress is extremely dangerous as it does not exhibit any symptom and is recognisable with great difficulty by means of laboratory methods. It can be monitored with several biomarkers like antioxidants and pro-oxidants which can be assessed in serum. The inexorableness of exposure of cows to brucella infection makes oxidative stress associated with this infection an appropriate field of investigation. There is paucity of work to detect stress, which is essential to take timely corrective measures and to save the animal population. Therefore the investigation was carried out to evaluate oxidative stress in the cows suffering from brucellosis. For this serum biomarkers of oxidative stress viz. vitamin C, vitamin E, catalase, monoamine oxidase, glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione, xanthine oxidase, oxidase and peroxidase were determined. Results indicated that vitamin C, vitamin E and glutathione activity decreased significantly in affected cows as compared to healthy cows. Serum catalase, superoxide dismutase, monoamine oxidase, glutathione reductase, xanthine oxidase, oxidase and peroxidase activities increased significantly in affected cows as compared to healthy cows. Decreased activity of vitamin C, vitamin E and glutathione indicated towards their depletion which generally occurs in the oxidative stress to scavenge the free radicals. It was concluded that oxidative stress was there in the animals. This study recommends the use of antioxidants in affected cows
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Evaluation of oxidative stress in sheep affected with peste des petits ruminants
Статья научная
The aim of the investigation was to evaluate oxidative stress in sheep affected with peste des petits ruminants (PPR). Oxidative stress in the affected sheep was evaluated by determining various serum biomarkers viz. vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, glutathione, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase and xanthine oxidase, the mean values of which were 1.70±0.07 µmol L-1, 13.00± 0.10 µmol L-1, 2.25 ±0.07 µmol L-1, 3.10 ±0.06 µmol L-1, 140.00 ±8.00 kU L-1 , 294.22 ±9.91 kU L-1 , 6.99± 0.05 kU L-1 and 100.10 ±3.00 m U L-1, respectively. The levels of vitamins A, C, E and glutathione decreased significantly (p≤0.05) and the serum catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase and xanthine oxidase activities increased significantly (p≤0.05) in affected sheep as compared to that in healthy ones. On the basis of the altered levels of serum biomarkers of oxidative stress it was concluded that the animals affected with PPR developed oxidative stress. The findings suggested the relevance of periodic assessment of oxidative status in ruminants for healthier management through supplementation of proper antioxidants as supportive treatment in PPR and in healthy in-contact animals.
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Статья научная
Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) is a biochemical marker of the environmental stress and plays a pivotal role in phenolic synthesis. The lower ROS level and oxidative damage was observed in grafted plants and the rootstocks have a profound influence on the biochemical composition, especially phenolic compounds. Regarding the importance of the effect rootstocks have on scion in pistachio trees, this study was carried out to assess and compare three pistachio cultivars ("Ahmadaghaii", "Ohadi" and "Kallehghuchi") on three rootstocks (Mutica, Ahli, Sarakhs). PAL activity, phenolic compounds, flavonoid and anthocyanin contents in leaves, flowers and fruits were measured toward the selection of the most suitable and compatible rootstock/scion resistant to environmental stresses. The results showed that PAL activity was different among the cultivars and organs. A positive correlation was observed between PAL activity and phenolic compounds in the leaves and flowers of Mutica- Ahmadaghaii, suggesting that it is more resistant than the others to environmental stresses. PAL activity and total phenolics in fruits of pistachio suffered a decrease when the maturation processes began. The hulls of the pistachio fruits contained high levels of phenolic compounds especially in Mutica-Ahmadaghaii) suggesting its function as a protective layer and a defense chemical against ultraviolet radiation and pathogen. Our results indicated the presence of a number of bioactive compounds in kernels with the highest amount belonging to Mutica- Ahmadaghaii, and therefore it is concluded that pistachio rootstocks may affect the antioxidant compounds in kernels.
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Статья научная
In order to study the effects of drought stress and plant density on yield and yields Components of maize ( cv. 604), an experiment was conducted as a split plot based on randomized complete block design with four replications in Ilam station, Iran during 2007-2008 growing season. The treatment were three levels of irrigation (90, 120 and 150 evaporation (mm) from pan (Class A)) as main plots, four planting densities (90000, 100000, 110000 and 125000 plants ha -1) as sub plot. The results showed that different levels of irrigation on the most of measured traits were significant at 1% probability level. Level of irrigation 90 mm evaporation (mm) from pan had a highest a number grain per row, 1000 kernel weight, grain yield and biologic yield other than traits. Between plating density the most of measured traits were significant. The highest grain yield, row per ear, number grain per row, biologic yield and harvest index obtained in 110000 plants ha -1. Interaction effect of irrigation × plant density was effect on grain yield. The highest grain yield from 90 mm evaporation×110000 plants ha -1 and the lowest grain yield from 150 mm evaporation×90000 plants ha -1.
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Статья научная
Every year, more and more land becomes non-productive due to salinity which adversely affects the productivity and quality of most crops that is why salinity becomes a concern to be studied more to understand the mechanisms included and select the tolerant genotypes. In this context, this investigation was carried out to study the impact of NaCl on growth, mineral analysis and solutes synthesis in five Tunisian chili pepper ( Capsicum frutescens L.) cultivars: Tebourba (Tb), Somaa (Sm), Korba (Kb), Awald Haffouzz (Aw) and Souk jedid (Sj). Thus, an experiment took place under greenhouse at Higher Institute of Agronomy, Chott Meriem, Tunisia and stress was induced during two months in water by NaCl (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 g/l). Results showed that increasing salinity stress, for all cultivars, decreases the height and biomass (dry and fresh weight) of plant in addition to the relative water content. Also, a decline in K + and Ca 2+ amounts in roots and K +/Na + ratio was recorded. However, Na + content in roots and the biosynthesis of soluble sugars and soluble proteins in leaves increased. Awlad Haffouzz and Korba cultivars succefully tolerated highest salinity level by accumulating more K +, Ca 2+ in roots and containing the highest concentrations of soluble sugars and soluble protein in their leaves contrary to Souk jedid cultivar, considered as the sensitive cultivar.
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