Статьи журнала - Журнал стресс-физиологии и биохимии
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Статья научная
Perception of genes action controlling of quantitative traits is very important in genetic breeding methods the plant populations. to study and estimate the parameters of genetic and appointment the best genetically model for justification the genetic changing some of traits the bread wheat under drought stress condition, parents (P1 & P2) and F3, F4, F5 generations together the four control cultivars (Kharchia, Gaspard, Moghan and Mahuti) were evaluated by generation mean analysis using a agoment design including six blocks. Generation mean analysis was performed for all traits with Mather and Jinks model using joint scaling test. Three parameter model [m d h] provided the best fit for all traits expect harvest index, main spike grain weight, number of grain per plant, Total spike weight of plant with significant at 5% and 1% levels. Though additive and dominance effect both had interfered in controlling often the traits but with attention to difference effects and variety component was determined that dominance is more impressive than additive effect for traits of number of tiller, main spike weight, grain yield and grain number of main spike. Therefore will benefit using of these traits in the collection and to improve these traits hybridization would be much efficient than the selection strategies. In this study additive × additive epistasis effect only observed for traits of Total spike weight of plant, number of grain per plant, main spike grain weight and harvest index and other traits hadn't any epistasis effect that it was demonstration lack of existence the genes reciprocal effect in the inheritance studied traits. Therefore we can suggest that the selection strategies perform in terminal generations and additive × additive epistasis effect would be confirmed in selection under self-pollination condition.
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Genetic determination of the nitrogen supply of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
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Molecular characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is important to understand the pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of tuberculosis (TB). However, there is limited information on molecular characteristics and drug-resistant patterns of MTB in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in India. Thus, this study aimed to determine the molecular characteristics and drug resistance patterns of MTB in patients with PTB in India.
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Genetic variability of cultured plant tissues under normal conditions and under stress
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Thirty genotypes of fenugreek were grown during two consecutive winter seasons in sub-humid sub-tropical red lateritic belt of eastern India. Genetic variability, correlation and path coefficients were studied on eight agronomic characters, viz., plant height, days to flowering, branches per plant, pods per plant, pod length, seeds per pod, test weight and seed yield per plant. Analysis of variance pooled over the seasons revealed that the mean squares due to genotypes for all the characters studied were highly significant indicating presence of genetic variation in the test population. The estimates of genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation were high for branches per plant, moderate for plant height and test weight, and low for days to flowering and pod length. Heritability estimates were high for plant height, days to flowering, branches per plant and test weight and low for pod number, pod length, seeds per pod and seed yield The results of phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variability, heritability and genetic advance revealed that improvement through selection for branches per plant, pods per plant and test weight would be effective in this population. Seed yield was positively and significantly correlated with plant height, branch number, pods per plant and seeds per pod at both genotypic and phenotypic levels indicating the importance of these characters for seed yield. The results of path analysis indicated that selection for tall plant height, late flowering with reasonable branch number, high number of seeds per pod and pods per plant are important which will help improve seed yield in this population.
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The post-translational modification involves protein degradation which helps to degrade the overexpressed proteins in plants. This includes the process of ubiquitination and deubiquitination where the targets attached with the substrates are cleaved and can play a major role in plant-pathogen interactions. By 26S/proteasome pathway, the pathogens are targeted for the defense of the plant and thus the proteases involved in the process are taken for the study. The study involves the digital expression of the genes which helps to infer the gene expression among various important plant tissues which helps to manifest the responses against the pathogenic stresses. Ubiquitin-specific protease are seen to expressed maximum among the plants species taken for study and thus it can be generalized that these protease genes can help to combat against the biotic stresses in certain tissue specific regions as their own immune response.
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Статья научная
Groundnut ( Arachis hypogaea L.), is an important subsistence oil yielding crop of the semi-arid tropics and often exposed to several environmental cues (high temperature, drought & heavy metal). Transcription factors can control the expression of many target genes through specific binding to the cis-acting elements in the promoters of the target genes. The basic leucine zipper (bZIP) and basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) represents one of the largest as well as most diverse transcription factor (TFs) families. They are known to play role in both stress as well as in various plant developmental processes. In this study, a comprehensive phylogeny, chromosomal location, conserved motif identification and expression profiles under high temperature and drought stress. of bZIP and bhLH TF gene family was carried in groundnut. A total of 151 bZIP and 39 bHLH transcription factors have been identified from groundnut. Expression analysis during high temperature and heavy metal stress conditions. Gene expression studies revealed differential expressions of bZIP and bhLH TFs suggesting the possible role in various stress mitigation and can serve as a candidate genes for improving abiotic stress tolerance and can be helpful in enhancing the crop productivity under stress conditions.
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Sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) is the fifth most economically important crop among cereals in the world. Salinity is an abiotic factor which reduces productivity of sorghum. Exploiting genetic variability to identify salt tolerant genotype is one of the strategies used to overcome salinity. Pot experiment was carried out to evaluate the genetic variation of eleven sorghum genotypes for NaCl salinity response at germination and early seedling stages. The experimental treatments were five NaCl salinity levels (0, 2, 4, 8, and 16 dS m -1) and eleven sorghum genotypes (Gambella1107, Melkam, S-35, ESH-2, Gobye, 97MW6130, Meko, 76T1#23, ICSV-111, Abshir and Teshale). The experimental design was completely randomized design with three replicates. Data was analyzed using SAS (version 9.0) statistical software and means were separated by LSD. Germination rate, final germination percentage, seedling shoot length and seedling root length were measured. The ANOVA for treatments, genotypes and their interaction was found to be highly significant (p
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Статья научная
Earlier findings showed the presence of phytohormones in deproteinised leaf extracts of cabbage, cauliflower, Colocasia and fenugreek and the expression of enzyme protease due to it. The presence of enzyme amylase was investigated by the treatment of hormone gibberellin to the cowpea and wheat seedlings. This was compared with the seedlings treated with deproteinised juice (DPJ) or whey of cabbage and Colocasia . There was striking influence of DPJ, optimizing the content of enzyme in the wheat and cowpea seedlings. The another DPJ prepared from beet foliage showed increment in the protein content in the seedlings of fenugreek, when treated exogenously by soaking the seeds in DPJ at various concentrations from 0.25 to 1 %. DPJ of beet showed significant seed germination result of bajra crop. The pH of lucerne DPJ is found slightly alkaline at various concentrations.
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Glutathione is not involved in light-, dark-, Ca- and H2O2-induced stomatal movement in Arabidopsis
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Glutathione (GSH), is a thiol-containing tripeptide, maintains redox homeostasis in plants under normal and stressful conditions. In this study, we investigated whether GSH involved in light-, dark-, Ca- and H2O2-induced stomatal movement in Arabidopsis. Application of GSH and a GSH decreasing chemical (CDNB; 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene) did not affect stomatal aperture in guard cells of Arabidopsis. Dark induced stomatal closure and light induced stomatal opening but pre-treatment of GSH and CDNB did not alter dark- and light-induced stomatal aperture. Treatment of guard cells with Ca and H2O2 did not affect GSH contents in guard cells but induced stomatal closure in both wild type and chorinal-1 (ch1-1) mutant plants. In addition, pre-treatment of GSH and CDNB did not affect Ca- and H2O2-induced stomatal closure in both plants. Taken together these results suggest that GSH might not directly affect light-, dark-, Ca- and H2O2-induced stomatal movement in guard cells of Arabidopsis.
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Статья научная
A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the beneficial effect of foliar application of glycine betaine (10mM), grain presoaking in salicylic acid (0.05 M) and their interaction on drought tolerance of two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars (sensitive, Sakha 94 and resistant, Sakha 93). Water stress decreased wheat yield components (spike length, number of spikelets / main spike, 100 kernel weight, grain number / spike, grain yield / spike, grain yield / plant, straw yield / plant, crop yield / plant, harvest, mobilization and crop indices) and the biochemical aspects of grains(grain biomass, carbohydrates, total protein, total phosphorus, ions content and amino acids) in both wheat cultivars. The applied chemicals appeared to alleviate the negative effects of water stress on wheat productivity (particularly the sensitive one) and the biochemical aspects of yielded grains. The effect was more pronounced with GB+SA treatment. This improvement would result from the repairing effect of the provided chemicals on growth and metabolism of wheat plants grown under water deficit condition. In response to the applied water stress and the used chemicals, the grain yield of the sensitive and resistant wheat cultivars was strongly correlated with all the estimated yield components (shoot length, spike length, plant height, main spike weight, number of spikelets per main spike, 100 kernel weight, grain number per spike, grain weight per plant, straw weight per plant, crop yield per plant, harvest, mobilization and crop indices).
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A study of parameters associated with adjustments in internal water balance, namely: diurnal variation in transpiration rate, stomatal opening area, relative water content, water use efficiency, hormonal level of wheat flag leaves in relation to grain yield is presented. Drought induced marked decreases in diurnal and mean daily values of transpiration rate, stomatal pore areas (on upper and lower sides), relative water content, water use efficiency, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid (GA 3), cytokinins (CK s) and grain yield but led to a significant increase in the abscisic acid (ABA) concentration in flag leaves of the wheat cultivars. Grain presoaking in salicylic acid or foliar application with glycine betaine alleviated the stress by keeping water within leaves and consequently recover the turgidity of stressed plants by restricting the transpiration rate, stomatal closure, decreasing the ABA level and enhancing the growth promoters particularly (IAA, GA 3 & CK s) particularly with the sensitive cultivar. Furthermore, the effect was more pronounced with glycine betaine + salicylic acid treatment. The grain yield appeared to be positively correlated with IAA, GA 3, CK, RWC, WUE G and WUE B but negatively correlated with ABA, SWD, transpiration rate and stomatal areas on both wheat cultivars.
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Glycosylated hemoglobin: the importance in management of type 2 diabetes
Статья обзорная
Type 2 diabetes is a major public health problem with high and increasing prevalence, morbidity and mortality. The association between diabetes and microvascular and macrovascular complications is well known besides, tight glycemic control is a necessity. HbA1Chas clinically been used since 1980s as a gold standard for monitoring glycemic control and predicting of diabetic complications. The present review article was prepared by computerized sources of literature searches 2000 - 2009. The history of Hemoglobin A1C, its assay techniques, optimal A1C targets, its reliability in control of diabetic complications, limitations of test results and its importance in control of diabetes patients and their complications are discussed.
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A 2-year field experiment was conducted to evaluate the response of potato plants to water deficit. Treatments included 10 potato cultivars were evaluated at the presence of different moisture conditions (30-40 and 60-70% depletion of available soil water). Water deficit increased the activities of peroxidase (POX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), ion leakage and proline content while decreased chlorophyll pigments, plant dry mass (PDM) and tuber yield (TY) in all cultivars. The extents percent of increases in SOD, POX and CAT activity were greater in tolerant cultivars. The biplot analysis results also showed SOD and POX closely correlated with biomass production of the tolerant cultivars. The highest tuber yields were obtained in Santé under control irrigation and in Spirit under water deficit. The reductions in TY ranged from 55.08 (Born) to 83.42% (Agria). Based on both STI index and biplot analysis Spirit and Agria were respectively identified as the most tolerant and sensitive cultivars to water deficit.
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Triticale is mainly grown for feed grain, and biomass production for thatching straw and common human utilization. A combined analysis with split plot layout in two years of 2016 and 2017 with 5 replications was used to evaluate yield and yield components of triticale under different methanol concentrations and irrigation managements in Isfahan, Iran. Irrigation treatments consisted of irrigation on the basis of 70%, 80%, 90% and 100% crop water requirements, and methanol treatments as foliar application on the basis of 15% methanol concentration, 30% methanol concentration and control treatment (0%). Methanol application influence a hundred grain weight was significant. The maximum plant height, number of tillers, LAI, LAD, a hundred grain weight, grain yield, biological yield, harvest index and protein content was achieved in irrigation on the basis of 100% crop water requirement. The maximum plant height, number of tillers, LAI, LAD, one hundred grain weight, grain yield, biological yield, harvest index and protein was obtained in 2017. Foliar methanol application with 15% concentration had obtained the maximum plant height, LAI, LAD, a hundred grain weight, biological yield, SPAD and protein percentage. The results of this experiment suggest that methanol can aid in alleviating the effects of drought stress on triticale in climatic condition of Isfahan. It is concluded that triticale cultivars performed superior in 2017, with 15% concentration of methanol application and irrigation on the basis of 100% crop water requirement.
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Статья научная
Drought is one of the major factors limiting chickpea production in arid and semi arid regions. There is meagre information available regarding genotypic variation for drought tolerance in chickpea genotypes. Present investigation was carried out to find out the influence of salicylic acid (SA) on drought tolerance in four chickpea genotypes. Reduction in relative injury was observed in plants treated with SA @1.5 mM as compared to control seedlings. Relationship between relative water content (RWC), membrane permeability (MP), ascorbic acid (AsA), proline, lipid peroxidation (LPO), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) was determined in order to find out whether these parameters can be used as selection criteria for drought tolerance in this crop. Results indicate wide variation in tolerance to drought stress amongst chickpea cultivars at both the critical stages i.e. pre- and post-anthesis. On the basis of growth and antioxidant activity better genotypes Tyson and ICC-4958 appear to be adapted to drought stress tolerance. Early drought stress (pre-anthesis drought) was found to be more damaging than the late drought stress (post- anthesis drought).
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A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of silicon (Si) and/or potassium (K) on plant growth, nitrogen uptake and N 2-fixation in water stressed (FC1) and well watered (FC2) chickpea plants using 15N and 13C isotopes. Three fertilizer rates of Si (Si 50, Si 100 and Si 200) and one fertilizer rate of K were used. For most of the growth parameters, it was found that Si either alone or in combination with K was more effective to alleviate water stress than K alone. Increasing soil water level from FC1 to FC2 often had a positive impact on values of almost all studied parameters. The Si 100K + (FC1) and Si 50K + (FC2) treatments gave high enough amounts of N 2-fixation, higher dry matter production and greater nitrogen yield. The percent increments of total N 2-fixed in the above mentioned treatments were 51 and 47% over their controls, respectively. On the other hand, increasing leave’s dry matter in response to the solely added Si (Si 50K - and Si 100K -) is associated with lower Δ 13C under both watering regimes. This may indicate that Si fertilization had a beneficial effect on water use efficiency (WUE). Hence, Δ 13C could be an adequate indicator of WUE in response to the exogenous supply of silicon to chickpea plants. Our results highlight that Si is not only involved in amelioration of growth and in maintaining of water status but it can be also considered an important element for the symbiotic performance of chickpea plants. It can be concluded that the synergistic effect of silicon and potassium fertilization with adequate irrigation improves growth and nitrogen fixation in chickpea plants.
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