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Influence of salinity stress on proteomic profiles of Cicer arietinum L
Статья научная
The present study was aimed to study the influence of salt stress on the proteomic profiles of Cicer arietinum L. by using SDS-PAGE. Seedlings of Cicer arietinum were exposed to different salt concentrations (4%, 6%, 8% and 10%) of NaCl. Multiple regions of actively stained system were obtained for SDS-PAGE. On 15th day, a total of 79 bands were observed and their RM values ranged from 0.011 to 0.988. Based on the occurrence and non-occurrence of the proteins in the gel system, the protein profiles were classified in to three categories viz., salt tolerant proteins, salt inducible proteins and salt sensitive proteins.
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Статья научная
This study involves the evaluation of in vitro shoot regeneration during cotyledon culture in black sesame ( Sesamum indicum L. cv. TMV3) under various concentrations of sucrose and cytokinin (BAP) in Murashige and Skoog (MS) nutrient medium. Cotyledon explants were cultured on MS basal medium supplemented with various concentrations of sucrose (2%, 4%, 6%, and 8%) and combinations of BAP (1.0mg/L, 2.5mg/L, 3.5mg/L, 4.5mg/L, 5.5mg/L, 6.5mg/L, and 7.5mg/L) and IAA (1.0mg/L). The multiple-shoot regeneration was achieved after 5-weeks of culture initiation. Significantly, the maximum mean percentage of shoot regeneration (75±4.3%) and number of shoots/explants (1.3±0.8) was recorded with explants that were treated with MS medium supplemented with sucrose (4%) including BAP (3.5mg/L) and IAA (1.0mg/L) while the high concentration (8%) of sucrose was proved to be completely ineffective to induce shoot regeneration on same nutrient medium (BAP+IAA). Furthermore, results indicate that sucrose (8%) could be observed slightly effective for shoot regeneration with higher concentrations of BAP (6.5mg/L and 7.5mg/L) in presence of IAA (1.0mg/L). Significantly, cotyledon explants that were growing with low concentration of sucrose (2%) were failed to show regeneration if BAP concentration exceeds to (5.5mg/L). Moreover, optimal frequency of shoot regeneration (64.4±1.4%) could be recorded with 2% of sucrose in presence of lower concentration of BAP (2.5mg/L) and IAA (1.0mg/L). The regenerated shoots were further transferred to half strength of MS medium supplemented with various concentrations of IBA (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5mg/L) for induction of roots and complete plantlets formation. Significantly, optimal mean percentage of shoots showing root formation (90±2.8%) was obtained in shoots regenerated with 4% of sucrose in presence of IBA (1.0mg/L) and shoot-root length ratio was recorded to be the maximum (4.2±0.11cm/2.81±0.12cm). However, in contrast, shoots that were regenerated on medium containing high sucrose (8%) with high BAP (7.5mg/L) + IAA (1.0mg/L) were found to exhibit lack of root formation irrespective of IBA concentrations. Present study reports that sucrose and BAP contents of the medium influences the sesame cotyledon explants regeneration. In comparison to control (2%) of sucrose, increase in sucrose concentration (4%) with BAP (3.5mg/L) and IAA (1.0mg/L) proved to be the optimal combination for shoot regeneration and moreover, regenerated shoots could induce the maximum root length in MS1/2 medium supplemented with IBA (1.0mg/L). In contrast, the IBA medium containing very high concentration of sucrose (8%) was turned out to be completely inhibitory for root regeneration. Study indicates that concentration of sucrose and BAP cytokinin in nutrient medium influences considerably the regeneration potential of explants tissues in black sesame oil crop. Moreover, the regenerated plantlets were further gradually acclimatized and transferred to plastic cup soil under the greenhouse conditions.
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Influence of expressed leghemoglobin on stability of Escherichia coli cells to reactive oxygen and nitrogen species - fert-butyl hydroperoxide and S-nitrosoglutathione was studied. We determined both action of these compounds on cells with different level of leghemoglobin expression and peroxidase activity of the cells. It was shown that priority of pro- or antioxidant properties of leghemoglobin is dependent on its concentration in the cells. In cells with reduced synthesis leghemoglobin mostly functions as prooxidant, in cells with intensive one - as antioxidant
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Influence of waterlogging on carbohydrate metabolism in ragi and rice roots
Статья научная
Effect of different durations of waterlogging (4, 8 and12 days) stress on carbohydrate status and activities of some related enzymes in ragi and rice roots was studied. In both ragi and rice roots there was decrease in starch and total sugar content in response to waterlogging conditions. Activity of α amylase was decrease in ragi roots while opposite trend was noticed in case of rice roots. The activity of pyruvate kinase was markedly increased due to 4, 8 and 12 days waterlogging in ragi roots while such increase was noticed in rice roots due to 12 days stress. Treatment of waterlogging caused enhancement in the activity of alkaline inorganic pyrophosphatase in the roots of both ragi and rice.
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Integrative computer analysis of antisense transcripts and miRNA targets in plant genomes
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Статья научная
This research was carried out to study the effect of Tio2 and nano Tio2 on some chemical compounds in a medicinal plant Lallemantia iberica under water deficit conditions. The experiment was conducted as a factorial arrangement in randomized complete block design with three replications. The first factor was the application of external materials as spraying with 3 levels of control, titanium dioxide and nano titanium dioxide, and the second factor was 100% (non stress), 75% (moderate stress) and 35% (severe stress) irrigation content. Stress was applied sixty days after planting to harvesting stage. The catalase and superoxide dismutase activities, total phenol, antioxidant activity with DPPH, total flavonoid and HPLC of phenolic compounds were evaluated in the samples. The results showed a moderate stress and the use of nTiO2 caused a significant increase in phenolic content, total flavonoid and antioxidant activity; severe drought stress significantly reducing these compounds...
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Interactive effects of rice residue and water stress on growth and metabolism of wheat seedlings
Статья научная
In the present study effects of rice residue with and without water stress were studied on Triticum aestivum L. cv. Shatabadi. The mixture of residue and garden soil in 1:1 ratio was considered as 50% (R 1) and only decomposed residue as 100% (R 2). Garden soil was taken as control. Twenty five seeds were sown in each experimental trays filled with soil mixture according to the treatments. Trays were arranged in two groups. After 15 days one set was subjected to water stress (WS) by withholding water supply for 3 days. Morphological and biochemical parameters of 18 days old seedlings were recorded. Seedling height decreased in all treatments. A gradual decrease in relative water content, pigment and protein contents of wheat seedlings were observed. Sugar and proline contents increased in treatments. An increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) content and antioxidative enzyme activities was recorded. Elevation in catalase activity was observed in all treatments except in plants with water deficit. Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) activities increased when residue mixed with soil but decreased in seedlings under the combined influence of the residue and water stress. Higher amount of MDA and lower activities of APX and GPX reflected the oxidative damage in seedlings under combined treatments. Rice residue inhibited growth of wheat seedlings. Water stress intensified the effects of residue.
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Статья научная
Houttuynia cordata Thunb. is a plant enrichment in potassium in plant was reported. Salinity and low potassium availability are important environmental factors restricting plant growth and productivity throughout the world. The interactive effects of salinity and potassium on growth, water content, chlorophyll content, lipid peroxidation content, ion accumulations and K+/Na+ ratio, and organic accumulations as well as oxidative enzymes were investigated in Houttuynia cordata Thunb.. Plants of three-leaf-stage were selected for uniformity, then treated with four levels of Na+ (50, 100, 200 mmol/L) and K+ (0, 0.6, 1.2, 2.4 mmol/L) for 20 days. Plant biomass production, ratio of root and shoot, root numbers, water content and MDA content significantly declined in the combined effect of salinity and K+ deprivation, and increased with salinity. However, salinity in conjunction with K+ deprivation led to an increase on leaf chlorophyll content, which even increased with increasing salinity levels. As expected, K+ content in plant was positive correlated with supplementary K+ concentrations, while Na+ was well correlated with salinity, especially enhanced by the interactive effects of salinity and K+ deprivation. Soluble sugar and proline contents remarkable increased by the highest salinity. SOD activity also substantial increased by the highest salinity, and increased with supplementary K+ concentrations. However, elevated CAT and POD activities were not accompanied with an increase in SOD activity.
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Статья научная
Hydrolytic enzymes of Bacillus attracting a great attention due to their various applications in industrial bioprocesses. In this work, out of 525 Bacillus isolates, 40 were screened for their potential capacity to produce hydrolytic enzymes including xylanase, lipase, amylase, pectinase, protease and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) using agar plate assay. A pure culture of each isolate was streaked on the surface of agar media containing suitable substrate specific for every enzyme activity, and the diameter of hydrolytic zones were measured. Data showed clear zones around the colonies which were interpreted as evidence of the enzymes activities. The isolates were able to generate at least one of these enzymes among which CMC and protease were the most common enzymes detected in 40 isolates; amylase in 39, xylanase in 36, lipase in 32 and pectinase in 26. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing the isolates were classified as B. atrophaeus , B. amyloliquefaciens , B. subtilis , Paenibacillus polymyxa , B. simplex and B. tequilensis . The native B. tequilensis isolates formed the largest zone clearance and had high abilities to produce five hydrolases. The isolates which had the largest enzymatic activity zones and the largest diameter of the clear hydrolysis zones on agar plates were submitted for further research work and enzyme-based industrials.
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Investigation of brain creatine levels under the mental stress conditions
Статья научная
Alterations in brain creatine levels are considered to be associated with various pathological conditions. However, there is still no exact evidence on character of this changes and clear link between disorders and upstream and downstream direction of creatine changes. Chronic mental stress conditions are thought to be connected with upstream regulation of cellular oxidative pathways, thus oxidizing various structural and active compounds. Oxidative stress also takes part in increase of permeability of blood brain barrier (BBB) that, in turn, makes it possible for a number of molecules to cross the BBB in both directions. Observations on long-term social isolation and circadian rhythm violation show a rising trend in brain creatine amount, while there was remarkable down-regulation in creatine synthesizing system, as the key-enzymes’ (AGAT and GAMT) activity was decreased. Investigations of BBB permeability for creatine under the stress conditions by mass-spectrometric analyses revealed no changes in creatine transport in the stress group, compared to the control. However, the activity of mitochondrial CK was reduced for about 25% and Vmax had fallen down in the stressed group, the Km was not drastically changed. To sum up, it could be supposed that the reason for the elevations of creatine levels in brain under the mental stress conditions could be stimulated by the activated oxidative stress that induces conformational changes in mitochondrial Creatine Kinase structure and decreasing the ability of enzyme to phosphorylate the creatine and as a result free creatine levels in brain are being arisen.
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Investigation on the formation of L-lysine based ternary deep eutectic solvents and their properties
Статья научная
DES is normally made up of two or more components, all of which are linked together by H-bonds. Abbott and colleagues were the ones who first proposed the concept of DES. As a mixture of two or more components forming an eutectic, the melting point of this eutectic mixture is lower than the individual components of that mixture. The usage of a totally enormous within the freezing point, as well as the capacity to exist in liquid state temperatures is below 150oC. DES, as a new type of green solvent, has certain - reputed properties, such as “high viscosity, high thermal stability and low vapor pressure”. L-lysine-glucose-malonic acid, L-lysine-fructose-malonic acid and L-lysine-fructose-ZnCl2 are three types of ternary deep eutectic solvents (TDESs) that we created in this study. They exist as a clear liquid for more than two weeks at room temperature. Its physical properties, such as “conductivity, density, viscosity pH and thermal properties as the thermal decomposition temperature” of these TDES were studied. The FTIR Spectra of those TDESs have been analyzed to apprehend the interaction of H bonds and three components.
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Ion partitioning and Mg2+/Na+ ratio under salt stress application in cotton
Статья научная
The response of five cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) varieties (A118), Aleppo33/1 (A33/1), Aleppo90 (A90), Raqqa5 (Raq5) and Deir-Ezzor22 (DE22) to salt stress (, 50, 100 and 200 NaCl) was studied in a pot experiment, in terms of their ionic distribution 56 days.and roots of DE22 exhibited the lowest Na+and Cl-and the highest leaf Mg2+contents conversely to A118. on this investigation, was no relationship between 2+content and salt tolerance of different cotton varieties. and root Mg2+/Na+ratios were decreased as salinity level increased for all tested varieties. In this respect, the value for the previous indicators was recorded in DE22 while the lowest one was recorded in A118. Thereby, among all tested varieties, DE22 variety relatively performed better under salinity compared to the other varieties.
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Статья научная
The desiccation tolerant cyanobacterium Lyngbya arboricola, isolated from bark surfaces of Mangifera indica, possessed up to four stable isoforms of catalase in addition to other antioxidative enzymes, for several years under a dry state. Purification of the two most persistent isoforms of catalase (Cat) has been undertaken by employing acetone precipitation, ethanol: chloroform treatment, gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography. The two isoforms of catalase remained almost unchanged on varying matric and osmotic hydration levels of mats of the cyanobacterium. The purification procedures resulted in a 1.3 % yield of purified single isoform (0.22 mg mL -1 protein) with 709 Units mg -1 specific activity and a purity index of 0.83. Five millimolar of dithiothreitol (DTT) was observed to be pertinent in maintaining the optimum redox state of the enzyme. The purification procedures additionally facilitated the simultaneous elimination and procurement of phycoerythrins (PE) and mycosporine-like amino acids (MAA). Each purified isoform gave a single band (~45kDa) upon SDS-PAGE and denaturing urea isoelectric focusing (IEF) depicted the presence of 2 subunits each of CatA and CatB. The monoisotopic mass and pI value of CatA and CatB as revealed by LC-MS analysis and internal amino acid sequencing was 78.96, 5.89 and 80.77, 5.92, respectively, showing resemblance with CatA of Erysiphe graminis subs. hordei and CatB of Ajellomyces capsulata. The heterotetrameric monofunctional catalase (~320 kDa), due to its stability in the form of resistance to ethanol: chloroform, its thermoalkaliphilic nature and the presence of innumerable hydrophobic amino acid residues (~40%), thus exhibited its potential for biotechnological applications.
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Isozyme analysis on different varieties of sugarcane
Статья научная
Isozymic and protein diversity among five sugarcane varieties viz., Co 6304, Co 85019, Co 8371, Co 89003 and Co 91010 were studied to understand the varietal interrelationship and to identify the biochemical marker for the disease resistance and stress tolerance. The standard technique of vertical gel electrophoresis PAGE was employed for size separation of isozymes. The gel was stained with different staining solutions for different isozyme systems viz. peroxidase, esterase, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and proteins. Rfvalues of the banding profiles, similarity index and variation between the varieties were analysed. Among the four enzyme systems, peroxidase profile reveals the difference between the disease resistant / susceptible and abiotic stress tolerant / non tolerant varieties. The two isoperoxidase bands with Rf values 0.62 and 0.66 showed their presence in disease resistant and abiotic tolerant varieties. The presence of two marker bands (0.62, 0.66) of resistant and stress tolerant varieties suggest that the variety Co 6304 may also be resistant to smut, wilt and moderately resistant to red rot and tolerant to drought.
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Lead (PB) heavy metal impacts in the green Ulva lactuca (Chlorophyceae) marine algae
Статья научная
Toxicity of different lead (Pb) (0, 2, 4 and 8 mg/L) concentrations in the green Ulva lactuca (Chlorophyta) marine algae at physiological level has been investigated 48 h after Pb treatment under laboratory conditions. Thalus algae damages followed Pb treatment as revealed by microscopy test showed that the 4 and 8 mg/L Pb caused morphological changes in cells viability; whereas, no effect observed at the lowest Pb applied concentration (2 mg/L). Data revealed that Pb stress caused reduction in most investigated physiological parameters i.e. Pigments content, osmotic potential and membrane stability index values. This decline in osmotic potential was significantly ( p ≤ 0.001) different. Whereas, estimated electric conductivity (EC) values increased significantly ( p ≤ 0.001) as applied Pb concentration increased. The current study allowed somewhat to highlight and better understanding Pb impacts in U. lactuca algae. Thereby, the studied algae could be used as a useful bioindicator in Pb polluted ecosystems.
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Статья научная
Genetic variation for Aluminum (Al3+) tolerance is prerequisite for developing cultivars with improved tolerance to Al3+ stress. The present study aims to assess genotypic variability of growth, photosynthesis along with antioxidant defense in popular hill rice landraces of Koraput, India under different concentrations of Al3+ and compare the responses with modern rice varieties to identify Al3+ tolerant rice genotypes. After exposure to different level of Al3+, the growth parameters such as shoot length, root length, fresh and dry weight of rice seedlings were significantly (P3+. Higher concentration of Al3+ also alters the photo system (PS) II activity, as revealed in the reduction in the values of maximal fluorescence (Fm), maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm), yield of photochemical efficiency [Y(II)] and photosynthetic quenching (qP) with concomitant increase of minimal fluorescence (Fo) and non-photosynthetic quenching (NPQ)...
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This research aimed at studying the physiologic traits of maize different hybrids and considering them as screening criteria to select the drought tolerant hybrids. The experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design with three replications and in a split-plot arrangement. The treatments were as follows: Maize Hybrids (including SC400, ZP434, SC524, ZP599, BC66, SC704) and irrigation regimes (including optimum; 100% FC, moderate; 75% FC, and severe stress; 50% FC). Results showed that drought stress significantly affects most of the studied indices. These indices also had significant differences in the above mentioned hybrids. Indices of leaf relative water content and temperature of the canopy varied significantly under drought stress. So, they could be used as suitable criteria to measure the level of stress effect on the plant and also to lay out the irrigation schedule. Findings of the study suggest that blistering is the best growth stage to screen the hybrids and among the studied indices, the ELWL is the best item for screening.
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Legume-rhizobial symbiosis: progress and prospects
Статья обзорная
Data on the role of the legume-rhizobial symbiosis (LRS) in national economic and a brief history of the fundamental study of this unique biological phenomenon are summarized. The features of the formation of root nodules of determinant and indeterminant types are described. The physiological role of the rhizobial Nod factor in suppressing the defense system of a legume plant and the role of the plant's immune systems (MTI and ETI) in the rhizobial infection and the formation of LRS are discussed. Signal systems of a legume plant (Ca2+, NO-synthase, NADPH oxidase) and their components (ROS, RNS) and other signaling molecules involved and interacting in LRS onset are described. The necessity of studying the local and systemic resistsnce of the legume plant to the rhizobial infection is emphasized.
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Lipid peroxidation and thymidine phosphorylase expression in prostate carcinoma
Статья научная
Aim: To understand the association between markers of oxidative stress and angiogenesis in relation to disease progression, clinical stage and cytological grade in patho-physiology of prostate carcinoma. Patients and Methods: Case control study comprised of 50 prostate carcinoma patients along with 20 age and sex-matched healthy subjects as controls. Levels of malondialdehyde were measured to study the oxidative stress status in the study subjects. Angiogenesis was evaluated by studying the activity of Thymidine Phosphorylase/Platelet derived endothelial cell growth factor. Results: The levels of markers of oxidative stress along with the activity of thymidine phosphorylase were found to be significantly higher in the study subjects in comparison to healthy controls. The results indicate oxidative stress and angiogenesis activity increase progressively with the increase in staging and progression of disease. Conclusion: Oxidative stress and expression of angiogenesis activity points clearly that with the progression of oxidative stress there is a simultaneous progression of angiogenesis in relation to disease progression, clinical stage and cytological grade in the pathophysiology of prostate carcinoma.
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Статья научная
Background: Pleural effusion is a common complication of various diseases. Free radicals are known to produce damage in many biological tissues. Free radicals exert their cytotoxic effect by causing lipid peroxidation which is believed to be responsible for the exudation of fluid into the pleural space. Aim: Evaluation of the association of benign and malignant pleural effusion with the free radical induced pleurisy by measurement of lipid peroxidation products and nitric oxide activity. Methods: Case control study was conducted on 50 cases of benign pleural effusion, 50 cases of malignant pleural effusion and 15 cases of healthy controls. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured by spectrophotometric method with TBA. Nitric Oxide activity was measured by spectrophotometric method using Griess reaction. Results: Our results showed significant increase of MDAs level in both groups of patients: benign and malignant in comparison with control group. Significant increase in the concentrations of nitrate /nitrite depicting total nitric oxide was observed in benign as well as malignant group in comparison to control healthy group. Conclusion: These results suggest that determination of biomarkers of oxidative stress products may be useful in the diagnosis and treatment of patients.
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