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Pecularities of cytokinin accumulation and distribution in Triticum aestivum L. seedlings under temperature stresses

Pecularities of cytokinin accumulation and distribution in Triticum aestivum L. seedlings under temperature stresses

Kosakivska I.V., Voytenko L.V., Likhnyovskiy R.V.

Статья научная

The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of short-term heat (2 h., +400C) and cold (2 h., +20C) stresses on accumulation and distribution of cytokinin (CK) in 7 and 14-day-old seedlings of the frost resistant Triticum aestivum L. cultivar Volodarka. A high performance liquid chromatography method has been used to provide a qualitative and quantitative analysis of hormones in leaves and roots. It was shown that in the early stages of growth (7 days) after exposure to high temperature the total content of cytokinin in roots increased 1,6 and in leaves in 2,55 times. The most pronounced changes were registered for trans -zeatin ( t -Z) and izopenteniladenozin (iPa) in roots and for zeatinriboside (ZR), izopenteniladenin (iP) and iPa in leaves. After cold stress the total content of hormone in roots increased but decreased in leaves. ZR and iPa were not identified in the leaves. The total level of CK in 14-day-old seedlings as compared to 7-day-old ones under control conditions decreased from 685,3 to 158,3 in roots and from 396,8 to 368,4 ng / g fresh weight in leaves. After cold stress the total content of CK in the roots decreased to 99,9 and in the leaves - to 195,8 ng/g of wet weight. Trans -zeatin was actively accumulated in leaves, ZR - in the roots. After heat stress the total content of CK in roots increased to 316,3, whereas in leaves decreased to 184,6 ng / g fresh weight. Roots actively accumulated cis -zeatin ( c -Z) and iPA, leaves - iP and iPa. Changes in the accumulation and distribution of CK depended both on the organs and the age of seedlings, and the type of stress and correlated with frost resistance of the cultivar Volodarka.

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Performance of sesbania-sunflower under different cropping systems using 15N and 13C

Performance of sesbania-sunflower under different cropping systems using 15N and 13C

Kurdali F.

Статья научная

A field experiment on sesbania (ses) and sunflower (sun) plants grown in monocropping and intercropping systems (1ses:1sun; 1ses:2sun, and 2ses:1sun, row ratio) was conducted to evaluate growth and N2-fixation using 13C and 15N natural abundance techniques. The results showed that 1ses:1sun surpassed the other treatments in terms of nitrogen (N) and dry matter yields (DM). However, 1ses:2sun gave the highest seed and oil production and showed the greatest N2-fixation. Sesbania plants in the 1ses:2sun fixed almost identical amounts of N2 in mono and intercropping systems. Moreover, soil N-uptake was the lowest among other treatments. These results give an advantage to the 1ses:2sun treatment over other treatments in terms of soil N consumption and N2 fixation to meet sesbania's N requirements. Nevertheless, 2ses:1sun seemed to be an inappropriate treatment. On the other hand, it could be suggested from ‰D13C data that plants in the intercropping systems appeared not to be subjected to any abiotic stress during the growing period.

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Peroxidase activity and isoforms in the leaves of apple tree varieties differing in scab resistance

Peroxidase activity and isoforms in the leaves of apple tree varieties differing in scab resistance

Rachenko M.A., Rachenko E.I., Romanova I.M., Zhivetyev M.A., Graskova I.A.

Статья научная

27 species and varieties were tested for resistance to leaf scab. Changes in the activity of peroxidase enzyme and the set of enzyme isoforms in leaves of apple tree differing in resistance to this pathogen.

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Perspectives of the development of mucosal vaccines against dangerous infections on the base of transgenic plants

Perspectives of the development of mucosal vaccines against dangerous infections on the base of transgenic plants

Salyaev R.K., Rekoslavskaya N.I., Stolbikov A.S., Tretyakova A.V.

Статья

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Phagocytic response and phenoloxidase activity of the hemocytes of Bellamya bengalensis exposed to synthetic fenvalerate

Phagocytic response and phenoloxidase activity of the hemocytes of Bellamya bengalensis exposed to synthetic fenvalerate

Mukherjee S., Mandal Ch.

Статья научная

Background: Bellamya bengalensis is an important bioresource of the freshwater ecosystem of India. This edible mollusc is filter feeder, indigenous diet of human, poultry and fishery. Natural habitat of this freshwater gastropod mollusc bears the risk of contamination by agricultural pesticide fenvalerate, a synthetic type II pyrethroid. Hemocytes are the immuno effector cells of molluscs which are affected by environmental toxins or pathogenic microorganisms. Hemocytes perform various types of immunological functions such as phagocytosis, cytotoxic response etc. Results: Experimental exposure of fenvalerate resulted in impairment of phagocytic efficacy and alteration in the generation of phenoloxidase in B. bengalensis. Conclusion: The alteration of phagocytic response and generation of phenoloxidase of hemocytes, exposed to experimental concentrations of fenvalerate under static laboratory condition have been determined to establish as biomarker of aquatic toxicity in toxin contaminated natural habitat.

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Phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of mitochondrial proteins in redox-signalling of higher plants under abiotic stress conditions

Phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of mitochondrial proteins in redox-signalling of higher plants under abiotic stress conditions

Subota I.Yu., Arziev A.Sh., Katyshev A.I., Koulintchenko M.V., Konstantinov Yu.M.

Статья

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Photoperiodic stress on nitrite production by splenic macrophages in fresh-water snake Natrix piscator

Photoperiodic stress on nitrite production by splenic macrophages in fresh-water snake Natrix piscator

Tripathi Manish Kumar, Ramesh Singh

Статья научная

Changes in day length enhance or suppress component of immune function in individuals of several species. The purpose of the present experiment was to study the role of photoperiodic manipulation on the nitric oxide production by splenic macrophages in the fresh-water snake, Natrix piscator. To study effect of photoperiod, animals were subjected to 24 hour continuous light and continuous dark for 30 days. Animals kept in natural day length served as control. At termination of experiments, animals were sacrificed, and spleen was excised. Macrophages were incubated for 24 hours and nitric oxide production was measured by measuring the nitrite concentration. Nitrite production was significantly decreased to the cultures obtained from the animals kept under continuous light. No change in nitrite concentration was found in animals kept under continuous dark, when compared to the animals kept under natural day length. The possible role of decreased melatonin synthesis in light is suggested to decrease the nitric oxide production.

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Photosynthetic, biochemical and enzymatic investigation of Anabaena fertilissima in response to an insecticide-hexachloro-hexahydro-methano-benzodioxathiepineoxide

Photosynthetic, biochemical and enzymatic investigation of Anabaena fertilissima in response to an insecticide-hexachloro-hexahydro-methano-benzodioxathiepineoxide

Kumar Nirmal J.I., Kumar Rita N., Bora Anubhuti , Amb Manmeet Kaur

Статья научная

A study on the heterocystous, nitrogen fixing cyanobacterium, Anabaena fertilissima was carried out to investigate the effect of an organochlorine insecticide (hexachloro-hexahydro-methano-benzodioxathiepineoxide, called as endosulfan) at different concentrations of 3, 6 and 12 µgml-1 on the photosynthetic pigmentsChl-a, Carotenoids and Phycobiliproteins-phycocyanin, allophycocyanin and phycoerythrin, stress metabolites such as carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids, phenols and enzyme activities-nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase. The insecticide- Endosulfan showed to be deleteriously affecting the activities in the cyanobacterium. As early as the 4th day, chl-a and carotenoids reduced by 38% and 20% respectively. The phycobiliproteins declined by 60%, 64% and 28% with respect to Phycocyanin, Allophycocyanin and Phycoerythrin. Moreover, Endosulfan adversely depleted the cellular activities, leading to a marked decrease in the carbohydrates, proteins, phenols and amino acids and enzymes-nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase. Despite of deleterious effects of Endosulfan on the cyanobacterium Anabaena fertilissima, a unique regenerating ability in presence of the insecticide was observed by the end of 12 days in the lower doses of insecticide.

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Physical and psychological stress have similar effects on gastric acid and pepsin secretions in rat

Physical and psychological stress have similar effects on gastric acid and pepsin secretions in rat

Nabavizadeh Fatemeh, Vahedian Mohammad, Sahraei Hedayat, Adeli Soheila, Salimi Ehsan

Статья научная

Stress is one of the most important health and social problems. Previous studies have demonstrated stress influence on the clinical course of a number of gastrointestinal diseases, but its physical and psychological effects on gastric acid and pepsin secretions are largely unknown. 48 male wistar rats weighing 200-250 gr were used in this study. Animals were divided into 6 groups (n=8); Control, Physical stress, Psychological stress, L-NAME+ Physical stress and L-NAME+ Psychological stress groups. In this study, electrical shock generated in a communication box was used as physical shock and the emotional stress was as psychological stress. Gastric juice was collected by washout technique. Acid output was also measured by digital titrator. Gastric pepsin and nitric oxide (NO) metabolites were quantified using Anson and Griess micro assay methods respectively. Basal and stimulated gastric acid and pepsin in physical and psychological stress groups were significantly more than others. NO metabolites level of gastric tissue in physical and psychological stress groups (286.9 ± 5.8, 287.7 ± 5.7 μmol/gr weight wet tissue, respectively) were significantly more than other groups. But no significant differences among basal and stimulated gastric acid, pepsin and NO metabolites level were seen in physical and psychological stress groups.

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Physico chemical factors influencing seaweed colonization in selected coastal areas of Kerala, India

Physico chemical factors influencing seaweed colonization in selected coastal areas of Kerala, India

Hashim K.A., Badusha M.

Статья научная

Seaweeds play extremely significant ecological roles in numerous marine communities. Seaweeds belonging to Chlorophyta, Rhodophyta and Ochrophyta were collected during course of the study period from the coastal areas of Kerala. The physico-chemical factors were also monitored. The present study indicated that the various environmental factors such as temperature, salinity, PH, oxygen and nutrients have influence on the diversity and distribution of sea weeds. In this study, the seaweed biomass was high when the seawater temperature ranged between 29°C to 30°C. The pH of the study area remained within the normal range. Several species of green algae cannot grow in high salinity. At the same time, some species of red algae and brown algae cannot grow in the low salinity. Most species of seaweeds require nutrients, Carbon, Nitrogen, and Phosphorous in specific ratios. Nitrogen is the element most frequently considered to limit growth of seaweeds. In general high diversity was observed during pre monsoon and post-monsoon at all stations. These seasons favoured the algal colonization.

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Physicochemical properties of Syrian dried Kishk as affected by gamma irradiation

Physicochemical properties of Syrian dried Kishk as affected by gamma irradiation

Al-bachir M.

Статья научная

Syrian dried kishk (SDK) was irradiated at 5, 10 and 15 kGy doses. The effect of gamma irradiation on microbial, physicochemical and sensorial properties of SDK samples was investigated. The results showed that the proximate composition of SDK did not change with dosage. However, physicochemical properties showed a significant (p

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Physicocytological invigoration of root meristematic chromosomal anomalies of celosia Argentia L. by the genetic potential stress influence of water hyacinth deproteinized foliage whey

Physicocytological invigoration of root meristematic chromosomal anomalies of celosia Argentia L. by the genetic potential stress influence of water hyacinth deproteinized foliage whey

Jadhav Rajesh Khanduji

Статья научная

In earlier studies, high concentration of DPJ from various forages inhibited germination, induced mutations in some seedlings and caused phytotoxic phenotypical changes in plants during growth. The physiological changes were absence of leaves and presence of more stipules in few pea plants. DPJ obtained from Lucerne and Eicchornia crassipes found causing chromosomal aberrations at high concentrations i.e at 0.50%, 1%, 1.5% and 2% in onion and garlic root meristems during the process of mitosis. It showed normal growth of Celosia plants by the effect of Eicchornia DPJ, when the concentrations are increased from 0.1 to 1 % level. The objective of research is to determine DPJ as mutagenic agent for effecting the cell chromosomal changes for the purpose to optimize the crops physiologically and genetically by its stress application. During present investigation, the so called antipathogen water hyacinth DPJ potentiality changed the chromosomal response of Celosia at 1.5 %, and 2 % high concentrations. It was compared with the control. Celosia consists of the anomalous secondary growth in the root or stem. In mitotic study, mostly restitution prophases and unorientation of anaphases were found in the germinated seedling somatic cells because of the exogenous application of DPJ to the seeds.

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Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Aerva lanata (L.) Juss. ex Schult. under Heavy Metal Stress

Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Aerva lanata (L.) Juss. ex Schult. under Heavy Metal Stress

Neema P., Jisha K.C.

Статья научная

Biotic and abiotic stresses exert a considerable influence on the growth and reproduction of plants. Temperature, pH, light, water and various chemical pollutants are the important abiotic stresses which directly affect the survival, growth, reproduction and geographical distribution of all plants. The present study aims to determine the stress related changes of Aerva lanata (L.) Juss. ex Schult. under different habitats. A. lanata is an important herb which is widely used for different therapeutic practices. It comes under the family Amaranthaceae. The physiological and biochemical analysis were conducted on the samples from polluted (road side and sides of polluted water body) and non- polluted habitats. The analysis showed remarkable variation among the samples of polluted and non-polluted plants. The results showed that A. lanata of non-polluted habitats were unstressed which was confirmed by the least amount of proline, malondialdehyde (MDA) and high amount of photosynthetic pigments. Heavy metal quantification also showed low amount of heavy metals (Zinc, Lead, Cadmium and Nickel) in samples from non- polluted areas when compared to polluted area, where the quantity of heavy metals is high. The present study revealed remarkable biochemical changes in the plants which were grown under polluted and non-polluted habitats. Moreover, this study also indicated the accumulation of heavy metals in various parts of A. lanata collected from polluted habitats when compared to samples collected from non-polluted habitats. Thus while collecting A. lanata for medicinal purposes, the polluted habitats should be avoided. This study is also very important for researchers who investigate the changes of plants under different stress factors.

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Physiological and biochemical characteristics of salt stress tolerance in selected varieties of sunflower under various treatments of potassium, zinc and gibberellic acid

Physiological and biochemical characteristics of salt stress tolerance in selected varieties of sunflower under various treatments of potassium, zinc and gibberellic acid

Ullah Jan Amin, Hadi Fazal

Статья научная

The effects of potassium, zinc and gibberellic acid foliar spray on salt stress tolerance, free proline, total phenolics, carbohydrates and chlorophyll contents in sunflower varieties were evaluated. Eight varieties of sunflower were grown in glass house and NaCl (150 mM) was added to roots alone and in combinations with KNO3, ZnSO4 and GA3 foliar spray. Different varieties were evaluated for salt tolerance through leaf disc assay (LDA). Various test solutions of NaCl were used to induce salt stress. T1 treatment (150 mM NaCl only) significantly decreased the greenness % in all of eight varieties of sunflower as compared to control C. The T2 treatment (150 mM NaCl + Potassium) enhanced the greenness % and maximum greenness % was observed in the SMH-0917 (76.00 %) followed by Ausigold-7 (75.50 %). The treatment T3 (150 mM NaCl + Zinc) and T4 treatment (150 mM NaCl + 100 ppm of GA3) retained the greenness % in leaf discs compared to control. The free proline and total phenolic contents significantly increased in all of eight varieties of sunflower when treated with K, Zn, GA3 and NaCl. Positively significant correlation was found between greenness % with proline (R2 = 0.86) and total phenolics contents (R2 = 0.83). Conclusively; salt tolerance could be increased by the application of K, Zn and GA3.

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Physiological and biochemical parameters of the grey red-backed vole (Craseomys rufocanus) population in the Northern Priokhotye at different population levels

Physiological and biochemical parameters of the grey red-backed vole (Craseomys rufocanus) population in the Northern Priokhotye at different population levels

Lazutkin A.N.

Статья научная

In order to clarify the manifestations of stress in the grey red-backed vole population under conditions of a relatively low number, the variability of several physiological and biochemical indicators was studied for 13 years. The study revealed that in most years of observation, with a low and average level of animal numbers, there were no signs of stress. The level of physiological parameters corresponding to the stress state of voles was detected only once, in the year of "peak," i.e. the maximum population size. The identified stress, apparently, was the main reason for the lowest subsequent survival of animals in this period for all years studied.

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Physiological and biochemical responses of two maize cultivars (Corralejo and Tlaltizapon) under salt stress

Physiological and biochemical responses of two maize cultivars (Corralejo and Tlaltizapon) under salt stress

Amdouni T., Mrah S., Msilini N., Zaghdoud M., Ouerghiabidi Z., Lachaal M.

Статья научная

The aim of the present work was to study the effect of different concentrations of NaCl (0, 50 and 100mM) in two cultivars of maize (Corralejo and Tlaltizapan), on their nutritional and photosynthetic comportment. The measures focused on the physiological parameters (growth weight, hydration and nutritional status of plants) and biochemical (chlorophyll, PEPC activity, activity of some anti-oxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation). Analysis of morphological parameters showed a yellowing of the extremity of leaves, at 100 mM of NaCl. These visual symptoms are associated with a decrease of chlorophyll. A decrease in potential growth was found in two cultivars, but less significant in Corralejo. The best salt tolerance of the latter was due to a better hydration of the leaves, to a lesser accumulation of Na + and Cl - in its leaves and a better selectivity K/Na. To identify the biochemical characteristics associated with the physiological behavior, we conducted measures activity of PEPC, the protein, catalase and peroxidase on the fourth leaf from the bottom. A negative correlation between the activity of PEPC and Na+ amount was found at 50 mM in the sensitive cultivar and at 100 mM of NaCl in tolerant cultivar Corralejo. Furthermore, the antioxidant response was marked by a greater accumulation of malondialdehyde, in Tlaltizapan at 100 mM of NaCl. At the same concentration, catalase peroxidase and SOD activities weren't decreased in this cultivar. This suggests that salt has created a stress oxidative state only in Tlaltizapan leaves. These results showed a better performance of Corralejo cultivar compared to Tlaltizapan cultivar, at 50 and 100 mM of NaCl.

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Physiological and molecular response of Padina pavonica (Phaeophyta) brown alga towards cadmium heavy metal

Physiological and molecular response of Padina pavonica (Phaeophyta) brown alga towards cadmium heavy metal

Saleh Basel

Статья научная

Physiological and molecular response of Padina pavonica (phaeophyta) marine alga exposed to different cadmium (0, 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/L) concentrations after 4 days of exposure has been investigated. Physiological data revealed decrease in specific growth rate (SGR%), pigments (Chlorophyll a & b , total chlorophyll and total carotendois) content, osmotic potential with increased electric conductivity (EC) under Cd applied concentrations in the studied alga species. Whereas, carotendois pigments content increased in P. pavonica alga as Cd applied concentrations increased. As for molecular test, RAPD marker has been applied, a decrease in polymorphic bands (PB) from 95 to 87 has been recorded when applied Cd concentration increased from 2.5 to 10 mg/L. Whereas, genomic template stability (GTS%) as a qualitative measurement reflect DNA changes induced by Cd treatment was displayed by RAPD marker. Molecular study revealed increased GTS% value from 30.7 to 42.7% when applied Cd concentration increased from 2.5 to 10 mg/L. Based upon observed physiological (significant increase in carotendois content) and molecular data (decrease in the new induced bands number and increase in disappeared bands as Cd concentration increased from 2.5 to 10 mg/L) in P. pavonica alga, the current investigation could be assumed that P. pavonica alga adopted certain mechanism to minimize Cd stress damages.

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Physiological behaviors and recovery responses of four Galician grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivars under water stress

Physiological behaviors and recovery responses of four Galician grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivars under water stress

Islam M.T., Berrios J.G.

Статья научная

Gas exchange parameters and chlorophyll fluorescence of four pot grown Galician grapevines (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Albariño, Brancellao, Godello and Treixadura) were examined under different levels of water stress in greenhouse. After extreme stress, gas exchange recovery responses were evaluated. Average ΨPD for control and stressed plants were -0.4MPa and -1.45MPa respectively. All varieties showed gradual declining of all gas exchange parameters (gs, E and A) with increasing of stress periods. Under stressed conditions, Albariño and Godello showed higher CO2 assimilation rate. At the end of stress period leaf defoliation was found in Albariño and Brancellao. Gas exchange recovery was higher for both Godello and Treixadura. A better response of auxiliary bud recovery was present in Albariño than in Brancellao. Close correlations between water stress and gas exchange parameters were found and it varies on genotype. Albariño, Godello and Treixadura followed same diurnal patterns of gas exchange rate for control and stressed plant respectively. Diurnal pattern of CO2 assimilation rate of all tested varieties followed gs and E. Only Brancellao showed treatment effect on mid-day Fv/Fm. Among four varieties photoinhibition was only found in Brancellao. At stressed condition physiological responses of grapevines were genotype depended.

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Physiological consequences of genetic transformation: result of target gene expression or stress reaction?

Physiological consequences of genetic transformation: result of target gene expression or stress reaction?

Enikeev A.G., Kopytina T.V., Maximova L.A., Nurminskaya Yu.V., Shafikova T.N., Rusaleva T.M., Fedoseeva I.V., Shvetsov S.G.

Статья научная

The transgenic and non-transgenic tobacco cell cultures were analyzed for resistance to abiotic and biotic stress. The different physiological reaction of cell culture depending on T-DNA structure (or transgen structure) was observed. The cell culture transformed by disarmed Agrobacterium tumefaciense A699 with pCNL 65 nptII demonstrated the same stress-resistance as non-transgenic control cell culture. The cell culture transformed by Agrobacterium tumefaciense LBA 4400 pBiCaMV nptII + hsp101 showed a raised stress-resistance to high temperature, high KF concentration, and to the action of Clavibacter michiganensis ssp sepidonicus. Obviously, the expression of transferred arabodopsis gene hsp101 provides protection properties of transgenic cell culture under the influence of various stress factors. Moreover, that agrobacterial transformation as previous stress-factor is supposed to make a contribution to formation of transgenic cell culture cross-resistance.

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Physiological response of rice seedlings (Oryzasativa L.) subjected to different periods of two night temperatures

Physiological response of rice seedlings (Oryzasativa L.) subjected to different periods of two night temperatures

Alvarado-Sanabria Oscar, Garcs-Varn Gabriel, Restrepo-Daz Hermann

Статья научная

Night temperatures have shown an increase in rice-growing regions due to climate change in Colombia in recent years, causing a reduction in grain yield. The objective of this research was to study the effect of four different periods of exposure to two night temperatures (24°C vs. 30°C) on the physiological behavior of an Indica rice cultivar widely grown in Colombia. Fedearroz 60 (ʻF60ʼ) were grown under greenhouse conditions for forty-five days. After this period, 12 plants in each treatment was established in a growth chamber at 30°C from 18:00 to 24:00 to carry out the duration of the different periods of heat nighttime stress (4, 8, 12, and 16 days respectively). The control plants were kept in a greenhouse at 24°C. The results showed that leaf photosynthesis, carboxylation efficiency, and pigment content decreased in rice seedlings subjected to 30°C. Also, dark respiration and intercellular CO2 concentration increased. These reductions in the variables as mentioned above were more severe during the first four days of exposure to 30°C than 24°C. In conclusion, these results suggest that these physiological variables may be useful to assess the tolerance of rice plants to high nighttime temperatures in plant breeding programs.

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