Статьи журнала - Журнал стресс-физиологии и биохимии
Все статьи: 941
Статья научная
Genetic variation for Aluminum (Al3+) tolerance is prerequisite for developing cultivars with improved tolerance to Al3+ stress. The present study aims to assess genotypic variability of growth, photosynthesis along with antioxidant defense in popular hill rice landraces of Koraput, India under different concentrations of Al3+ and compare the responses with modern rice varieties to identify Al3+ tolerant rice genotypes. After exposure to different level of Al3+, the growth parameters such as shoot length, root length, fresh and dry weight of rice seedlings were significantly (P3+. Higher concentration of Al3+ also alters the photo system (PS) II activity, as revealed in the reduction in the values of maximal fluorescence (Fm), maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm), yield of photochemical efficiency [Y(II)] and photosynthetic quenching (qP) with concomitant increase of minimal fluorescence (Fo) and non-photosynthetic quenching (NPQ)...
Бесплатно
Статья научная
This research aimed at studying the physiologic traits of maize different hybrids and considering them as screening criteria to select the drought tolerant hybrids. The experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design with three replications and in a split-plot arrangement. The treatments were as follows: Maize Hybrids (including SC400, ZP434, SC524, ZP599, BC66, SC704) and irrigation regimes (including optimum; 100% FC, moderate; 75% FC, and severe stress; 50% FC). Results showed that drought stress significantly affects most of the studied indices. These indices also had significant differences in the above mentioned hybrids. Indices of leaf relative water content and temperature of the canopy varied significantly under drought stress. So, they could be used as suitable criteria to measure the level of stress effect on the plant and also to lay out the irrigation schedule. Findings of the study suggest that blistering is the best growth stage to screen the hybrids and among the studied indices, the ELWL is the best item for screening.
Бесплатно
Legume-rhizobial symbiosis: progress and prospects
Статья обзорная
Data on the role of the legume-rhizobial symbiosis (LRS) in national economic and a brief history of the fundamental study of this unique biological phenomenon are summarized. The features of the formation of root nodules of determinant and indeterminant types are described. The physiological role of the rhizobial Nod factor in suppressing the defense system of a legume plant and the role of the plant's immune systems (MTI and ETI) in the rhizobial infection and the formation of LRS are discussed. Signal systems of a legume plant (Ca2+, NO-synthase, NADPH oxidase) and their components (ROS, RNS) and other signaling molecules involved and interacting in LRS onset are described. The necessity of studying the local and systemic resistsnce of the legume plant to the rhizobial infection is emphasized.
Бесплатно
Lipid peroxidation and thymidine phosphorylase expression in prostate carcinoma
Статья научная
Aim: To understand the association between markers of oxidative stress and angiogenesis in relation to disease progression, clinical stage and cytological grade in patho-physiology of prostate carcinoma. Patients and Methods: Case control study comprised of 50 prostate carcinoma patients along with 20 age and sex-matched healthy subjects as controls. Levels of malondialdehyde were measured to study the oxidative stress status in the study subjects. Angiogenesis was evaluated by studying the activity of Thymidine Phosphorylase/Platelet derived endothelial cell growth factor. Results: The levels of markers of oxidative stress along with the activity of thymidine phosphorylase were found to be significantly higher in the study subjects in comparison to healthy controls. The results indicate oxidative stress and angiogenesis activity increase progressively with the increase in staging and progression of disease. Conclusion: Oxidative stress and expression of angiogenesis activity points clearly that with the progression of oxidative stress there is a simultaneous progression of angiogenesis in relation to disease progression, clinical stage and cytological grade in the pathophysiology of prostate carcinoma.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
Background: Pleural effusion is a common complication of various diseases. Free radicals are known to produce damage in many biological tissues. Free radicals exert their cytotoxic effect by causing lipid peroxidation which is believed to be responsible for the exudation of fluid into the pleural space. Aim: Evaluation of the association of benign and malignant pleural effusion with the free radical induced pleurisy by measurement of lipid peroxidation products and nitric oxide activity. Methods: Case control study was conducted on 50 cases of benign pleural effusion, 50 cases of malignant pleural effusion and 15 cases of healthy controls. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured by spectrophotometric method with TBA. Nitric Oxide activity was measured by spectrophotometric method using Griess reaction. Results: Our results showed significant increase of MDAs level in both groups of patients: benign and malignant in comparison with control group. Significant increase in the concentrations of nitrate /nitrite depicting total nitric oxide was observed in benign as well as malignant group in comparison to control healthy group. Conclusion: These results suggest that determination of biomarkers of oxidative stress products may be useful in the diagnosis and treatment of patients.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
Low temperature stress is one of the main abiotic factors that reduce the productivity of many crops in hilly areas around the world. In this study, rice seedling were exposed to low temperature stress (control, 0°C, -2°C, -4°C and -6°C) for 2 hr to observe its effect on two rice varieties (Basmati- 385 and Shaheen Basmati) through ion and proline contents, photosynthetic pigments, total protein content, protein banding pattern and expression of Zat12 and Myb genes. Resulted showed different patterns of accumulation of Na + K + and Ca +2 ions with the decrease in temperature in both varieties. Proline accumulation was gradually increased in both varieties with the decrease in temperature. Photosynthetic pigments (Chlorophyll (Chl) a, b and carotene) were negatively affected by low temperature stress in both varieties, however, carotene content was much affected than Chl a and b. Nonsignificant variation in protein contents was observed at all levels of low temperature, but the effects of low temperature stress on protein banding pattern of Basmti-385 and Shaheen Basmati were different at different treatments. RT-PCR results indicated that ZAT12 was upregulated by short term low temperature stress while OsMYB show slight upregulation at -2 oC as compared to the other treatments. This study identified that ZAT12 and OsMYB function as a positive regulator to mediate tolerance of rice seedlings at low temperature stress.
Бесплатно
Manganese (Mn) toxicity in plants a comprehensive overview: a review
Статья обзорная
Manganese (Mn), an essential micronutrient necessary for plant growth and development, has serious phytotoxic effects when present in surplus concentrations. The higher concentration of Mn manifests as a reduction in photosynthetic activity and a gradual up regulation of oxidative stress, which results in reduced yield. Interestingly, Mn toxicity is a serious issue in acid soil, which is mainly encountered in sizable parts of the soil across the globe. In order to mitigate the detrimental influence of Mn on crop productivity, it is of significance to comprehend the diverse physiological aspects of Mn. Thus, such information is crucially important for the identification and development of Mn-tolerant genotypes. Hence, this review article precisely discusses the diverse physiological aspects of Mn toxicity in plants.
Бесплатно
Markers of oxidative stress in generalized anxiety psychiatric disorder: therapeutic implications
Статья научная
There is growing evidence that oxidative stress contributes to the pathogenesis of anxiety disorders. Our aim was to measure oxidative stress in anxiety disorders subjects, and assesses the potential confounding influences of anti anxiety therapy. Serum malondialdehyde and antioxidant levels were estimated in patients at the time of presentation and also after anti- anxiety therapy for 3 months. During the period of study no antioxidant/s was given to the patients and control subjects. Serum malondialdehyde levels were significantly higher in the anxiety disorders patients in comparison to control cases. Also, the antioxidant activity of enzymes super oxide dismutase, glutathione and non enzymatic antioxidant levels of vitamins E and C were significantly lower in patients compared to controls at the initial presentation. After 3 months of anti anxiety treatment all the above parameters showed reversal in the respective levels of serum malondialdehyde and antioxidant activity. Anti anxiety medications results in reduced oxidative stress which indicates that oxidative stress is not the cause, but rather a consequence,of anxiety disorders.
Бесплатно
Mechanism of Phytohormone Responses Against Salt Stress: a Review
Статья научная
Abiotic stress is defined as the negative impact of non-living factors on living organisms in a specific environment. An unfavourable environmental condition comprising extreme low and high temperature, salinity, drought, water logging, heavy metals etc. pose a complex set of stress condition. Plant responses to those environmental stresses are also complex. The effects of stress are usually measured in terms of plant survival, crop yield, growth (biomass) or primary assimilatory processes which are related to overall growth of plants. Various physiological stimuli and/or stresses control the synthesis of phytohormones in many ways. Again all the molecular biological phenomenon including growth and development of the plants are controlled by the phytohormones at very low concentration. During abiotic stress the biosynthesis and accumulation of different molecules thought to have protective functions in the cells. Some plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) may exert a direct stimulation on plant growth and development by providing plants with some of the phytohormones. Among the all abiotic stresses salinity limits the crop’s growth and productivity worldwide. Salinity affects many of the physiological processes starting from seed germination, enzymatic activity, food production to DNA and protein synthesis. Many of the researchers work on the effect of salinity on the physiological activity of the plants, but the mechanism of phytohormones response against salinity are still not assembled in a systematic manner. An attempt is made to establish the comprehensive mechanism of phytohormones responses against salt stress and to know about the adaptation/tolerance of plants in the molecular level as well as systematic approaches during this post genomic era with 164 references.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
This study examines how mindfulness, transcendental, and guided imagery meditation techniques affect blood pressure and subjective stress levels in higher education students in Uttarakhand, India. A sample of 400 participants was studied quantitatively using a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design. Participants practiced various meditation techniques for eight weeks, and changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, as well as reported stress levels, were recorded. The intervention resulted in significant reductions in both blood pressure measures (systolic: 70%, diastolic: 65%) and perceived stress levels (75%). Regression and correlation studies revealed a robust link between meditation practice and improved cardiovascular health and stress management. These findings support for incorporating meditation into campus wellness programs to improve student well-being and academic performance, emphasizing the need for more study into long-term impacts and varied meditation modalities for optimal student health initiatives.
Бесплатно
Metabolic profile of foot and mouth disease stressed sheep in semi arid region
Статья научная
The present study was designed to evaluate serum biochemical parameters in twenty local bred sheep infected with Foot-and-Mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotype O. Ten healthy sheep were used as controls. Peripheral blood was collected from both diseased and control group and serum was separated which was further used to estimate the concentration of glucose, total protein, albumin, urea, calcium, phosphorus, cholesterol and activity of AST, ALT and ALP. It was found that there was a significant increase in glucose, AST and phosphorus in FMD affected sheep (p
Бесплатно
Статья научная
Background: Lantana camara, Parthenium hysterophorus, Ageratum conyzoidus and Ricinus communis are underutilized plants. These plants are traditionally used in many health related areas. The context and purpose of the study: To investigate the photochemicals present in underutilized plants Lantana camara, Parthenium hysterophorus, Ageratum conyzoidus and Ricinus communis : Methods: Qualitative, quantitative screening, compound identification by UV-VIS method and Fluorescent spectroscopy and FT-IR based identification of functional groups of active chemical components were studied. Organic solvents leave extracts (ethanol, methanol, acetone) were tested for availability of secondary metabolites. Results, the main findings: UV-VIS spectrum showed different peaks with different absorption in all plants. The method of quantitative analysis in UV-VIS spectrum was proved in terms of linearity, LOD and LOQ AND various secondary metabolites were detected in the plant extracts. Florescent analysis confirmed the presence of secondary metabolites like alkaloids and phenolics. The FT-IR spectrum values indicated the presence of C-H stretching, O-H bending, C-C stretching and confirmed the presence of alcohols, phenols, alkanes and amines in acetone extracts. Conclusion: The results confirmed the fact that these plants poses important bioactive components useful for human mankind, so further investigation may needed.
Бесплатно
Metabolism and thermoregulation in the tree shrew, Tupaia belangeri
Статья научная
Maximum metabolic rate is a physiological limitation that is an important for animals' survival, reproduction and geographic. Basal metabolic rate (BMR), nonshivering thermogenesis (NST), and maximum metabolic rate (MMR) were measured was in a small mammal species, Tupaia belangeri, which is a unique species of small-bodied mammals in the Oriental realm. Thermal neutral zone (TNZ) was 30 - 35°C and BMR was 1.38±0.09 ml g-1 h-1. NST and MMR were 2.64±0.08 ml g-1 h-1 and 7.14±0.38 ml g-1 ·h-1 in summer, respectively. The ecophysiological properties of relatively high body temperature, wide TNZ, low BMR and thermogenic capacity enable this species to adapt to its environment.
Бесплатно
Microbial, Chemical and Sensorial Properties of Irradiated Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Seeds
Статья научная
Background: Oil seeds are among the major food commodities that can be affected by microorganisms, which are produced by a particular type of mold. Ionizing radiations are also used to reduce pathogen propagation when trading these products. Methods: To investigate the effect of gamma irradiation and storage on quality of shelf-life of sunflower seed, samples of the seeds obtained from the market have been irradiated under 3, 6, and 9 kGy of gamma radiation and stored for 12 months. Results: The results indicate that, all used doses of gamma irradiation had no significant (p<0.05) effect on moisture, ash and total sugar, while 6 kGy and 9 kGy had a significant (p<0.05) effect on protein, reducing sugar and oil content of sunflower oil. Along with the increase in the dose of irradiation, both bacterial and fungal count of the samples reduced to the undetectable limit after irradiation with 3 and 9 kGy respectively. Both total acidity and total volatile basic nitrogen increased significantly (p<0.05) with increasing the dose of irradiation and the storage time. Sensory evaluation showed that texture, flavour and texture were not affected significantly (p<0.05) by irradiation, while colour parameter was increased significantly (p<0.05) by irradiation. Conclusion: Gamma irradiation could arrest microorganisms contamination of sunflower seeds, while maintaining the quality, as judged from proximate constituents, chemical properties and sensory evaluation.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
Carica papaya L. (family Caricaceae) commonly known as papaya is a well-known fruit crop also having under-utilized medicinal potential. Mineral analysis shows that a significant level of potassium (207.10±0.40 mg/100g) and phosphorous (65.60±0.59 mg/100g) are present. Antioxidant activity of hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and ethanol crude leaf extracts were evaluated. IC50 hexane fraction (321.82±0.78) demonstrated the highest ABTS radical scavenging activity and IC50 of the chloroform fraction (623.23±1.32) showed the strongest DPPH free radical scavenging activity and their activities were stronger than that of ascorbic acid. Ethanolic extract IC50 shows significant anti-inflammatory activity (173.66±1.24) when compared with other extract fractions. The present study signifies that the leaves of C. papaya are rich in minerals and known to possess significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. This shall be further explored to identify novel bioactive substances with pharmaceutical applications.
Бесплатно
Mission ‘sustainable agriculture’: mitigating abiotic stress with nano particles
Статья обзорная
In agro-ecosystems, abiotic stress effects can create havoc diminishing productivity and severely deteriorating yield and yield quality. To meet the rising food and feed crisis, rigorous control of productivity and yield losses in agriculture due to environmental stress must be executed. Coupled with climate change, abiotic stress is causing havoc to crop physiology, productivity and quality of agricultural produce. With the SDG 2 target of Zero Hunger to an unprecedented 8.5 billion by 2030, such massive loss of agricultural yield and economy poses a huge challenge. Stress mediated responses of plants are multiple and varied. Nanotechnology is an emerging field which could profoundly affect crop stress physiology through biotechnological and biochemical interventions to usher in a new era of Sustainable Agriculture and Zero Hunger. Such interventions may be suggested for a paradigm shift towards sustainable agriculture and to meet the massive global challenge of 70% rise in crop output for the rising millions of 2050.
Бесплатно
Mitigating effects of salicylic acid against herbicidal stress
Статья научная
Background, the context and purpose of the study: Pendimethalin [N-(1-ethyl propyl)-2, 6-dinitro-3, 4 xylidine] is one of the most commonly used herbicides. It induces harmful effect on non-target plants besides controlling the weed emergence. Salicylic acid (SA) plays an important role in abiotic stress tolerance. Present study was to assess the comparative efficacy of SA in combination with different concentrations of pendimethalin on black gram (Vigna mungo). The seeds of test plant were treated with field relevant concentrations (2, 5 and 10 ppm) of pendimethalin (P) and in combination with SA (0.5 mM) to observe effect of SA against herbicide toxicity. Experiment was performed in petri dish as well as in pot culture. The toxic effect of pendimethalin and SA on seed germination (SG), radicle length (RL) and mitotic index (MI) was evaluated in petri dish culture. Seedling height, pigments, protein, sugar contents and lipid peroxidation (LP) of 15 days old seedling were measured in pot culture. Total antioxidants (TA) were monitored as plant defence against oxidative stress. Results, the main findings: Results showed that SG and seedling growth of Vigna mungo decreased under P1, P2 and P3 treatments. RL and MI were also reduced significantly (p3 treatment. A slight increase of SG and seedling growth was observed in P2 treatment compared to P1. Herbicide treatment remarkably declined pigment, protein and sugar contents of the seedlings when compared with control. TA and malondialdehyde (MDA) content increase significantly under pendimethalin treated seedlings. Combined treatment (P+SA) elevated growth of the seedlings. As a consequence of herbicidal stress, SA enhanced SG, RL, MI, pigment, protein and sugar content significantly. Under combined treatments, LP and TA were decreased when compared with pendimethalin treatment. Conclusions, brief summary and potential implications: SA enhanced growth of Vigna mungo not only in combination with pendimethalin but also in treatment with SA alone as compared to control. Thus the results reveal, the role of SA in protection of Vigna mungo against herbicidal stress is apparent. The results are discussed in light of recent information.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
A field experiment was carried out to estimate the advantageous efficiency of the foliar application of glycine betaine (GB) (10mM) on salt-stressed maize ( Zea mays L.) plants. Salinity treatments (50 and 100 mM) were conducted using sodium chloride (NaCl). The results showed that the increase in salinity levels led to a decrease in the maize shoot growth criteria (the leaves number per plant, leaf area index, shoot dry weight, plant height and ear height) and yield components (the ear diameter, ear length, kernels number per ear, seed weight per ear and the 100 seed weight). This effect was obvious with the 100 mM NaCl treatment for all measured parameters. On the other hand, the exogenous application of glycine betaine seemed to mitigate the negative effects of salt stress on the growth criteria and productivity of maize plants. So, it can be concluded that maize plants are not salt-tolerant, and the foliar application of GB might be useful as a possible growth regulator to ameliorate the growth and productivity of maize plants under salinity conditions.
Бесплатно
Mitochondria as a possible place for initial stages of steroid biosynthesis in plants
Статья научная
With the aim of thorough comparison of steroidogenic systems of plants and animals, transgenic plants of Solanaceae family expressing CYP11A1 cDNA encoding cytochrome P450 SCC of mammalian mitochondria were further analysed. Positive effect of CYP11A1 on resistance of the transgenic tobacco plants to the infection by fungal phytopathogene Botrytis cinerea was for the first time detected. Subtle changes in mitochondria of the transgenic Nicotiana tabacum plants expressing mammalian CYP11A1 cDNA were demonstrated by transmissive electron microscopy. Genetic determinants (cDNAs and genes) encoding main components of the electron transfer chain of plant mitochondria were for the first time cloned and characterized. It was established that plants from the Solanaceae family (tomato, tobacco and potato) contain two different genes with similar exon-intron structures (all contain 8 exons) encoding mitochondrial type ferredoxins (MFDX), and one gene for mitochondrial ferredoxin reductase (MFDXR). The results obtained point out on profound relatedness of electron transfer chains of P450-dependent monooxygenases in mammalian and plant mitochondria and support our previous findings about functional compatability of steroidogenic systems of Plantae and Animalia.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
Drought tolerance represents a growing threat to crop productivity. Safflower is one of the major oilseed crop enriched with various nourishing elements. In order to unravel the drought responses and recovery, a changes in cell components and specific isoforms of antioxidative enzymes in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L. cultivar A1). Water stress (0.0%, 75%, 50% and 25% of soil moisture levels) was induced to safflower plants after 21 days of vegetative growth. After 8 days of stress imposition, plants were harvested and analysed for various parameters. A drastic decrease in the relative water content was observed during the stress and resumed the normal level after recovery. The extent of membrane damage was high under higher stress levels. These plants also showed increased levels of lipid peroxidation as evidenced from the increased malondialdehyde content, coupled with the increase in activities of antioxidant enzymes and their isoforms whereas the values in stress-recovered plants observed to be near to their respective controls. On activity gels, 12 distinct isoforms of SOD were detected; among these 10, 11 and 12 isoforms were specific under moderate and severe water stresses. Three isoforms of CAT were identified of which 2 were specific under severe water stress. In the case of POD, isoforms 2, 4, 6 and 7 were common for moderate and severe stresses whereas, POD 3 and 5 were observed only under severe stress and POD1 remained as unchanged. On recovery, the cell components and specific isoforms of antioxidative enzyme levels appeared to be that of the normal controls could be considered and used as selection criteria for improving safflower drought tolerance.
Бесплатно
