Статьи журнала - Журнал стресс-физиологии и биохимии
Все статьи: 941
Статья научная
As an aim in sustainable agriculture, biological control of plant diseases has received intensive attention mainly as a response to public concern about the use of chemical fungicides in the environment. Soil Actinomycetes particularly Streptomyces spp. enhance soil fertility and have antagonistic activity against wide range of plant pathogens. To investigate for biocontrol means against the pathogen, 30 isolates of Actinomycetes have been isolated from agricultural soils of Kerman province of Iran and assayed for antagonistic activity against Botrytis allii, the agent of onion gray mold. RAPD DNA analysis has been used to determine the relatedness of active and non-active isolates based on their RAPD-PCR fingerprints. PCR amplifiable DNA samples have been isolated using the CTAB method and amplified fragments have been obtained from 5 random 10-mer primers. Different DNA fingerprinting patterns have been obtained for all of the isolates. Electrophoretic and cluster analysis of the amplification products has revealed incidence of polymorphism among the isolates. A total of 138 bands, ranging in size from 150-2800 bp, have been amplified from primers which 63.7% of the observed bands have been polymorphic. Genetic distances among different varieties have been analyzed with a UPGMA (Unweighted pair-group method, arithmetic average)-derived dendrogram. Resulting dendrogram has showed from 0.65 to 0.91 similarities among varieties and divided the isolates into five major groups. Isolates which haven’t had any antagonistic activity against B. allii have been separated into a group and other isolates classified into four groups. The results indicate that RAPD is an efficient method for discriminating and studying genetic diversity of Streptomyces isolates.
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Molecular docking of fisetin as a multi-target drug in the treatment of multiple sclerosis
Статья научная
Multiple Sclerosis (MS), is an autoimmune disorder of the CNS a long-lasting disorder that can attack the brain, spinal cord, and eyes. The severity of this disorder varies from person to person. Demyelination and lesion formation is the major pathological changes of MS, due to which there is no significant generation of the action potential along the axon of the nerves. In turn, leads to delayed propagation and perception of the chemical signals required for varieties of function in the body. Several theories have been emerging to apprehend the origin of MS such as genes, smoking, viral infection caused by Epstein-Barr virus, or the human herpes virus may trigger the disorder or cause relapses, Vitamin D deficiency etc. Statistical reports show Canada is the country having the highest rate with 1 in 400 people suffering from MS. In the present study, the drug targets of MS were analyzed by understanding its interaction with a plant flavonoid Fisetin having neuroprotective properties. Molecular docking of plant flavonoid fisetin with the enzyme targets of MS was performed using auto-dock 4.2. The minimum binding energy obtained from docking explains the efficiency of the ligand binding with the therapeutic target proteins. Three proteins were selected based on their action and function they play in the progression of Multiple sclerosis namely Caspase 1 (PDB Id: 1lBC), Calpain-1(PDB Id: 2ARY), and Cathepsin B (PDB Id: 1GMY). The docking of fisetin with Caspase 1 (PDB Id: 1lBC), Calpain-1(PDB Id: 2ARY), and Cathepsin B (PDB Id: 1GMY) displayed the minimum binding energy score as, Cathepsin B = -10.01 kcal/mol, Calpain-1= -9.95 kcal/mol, Caspase 1= -8.18 kcal/mol respectively and also the number of hydrogen bonds: 20, 18, 23 respectively. The target proteins Cathepsin B and Calpian 1, showed the strongest interaction with Fisetin with the least minimum binding energy. Molecular properties & drug-likeness, biological activity, and toxicity of Fistein were analyzed using the Way2drug bio tool. Lipinski's benchmark rule of five (RO5)5 defines desirable drug candidate physicochemical property which was successfully shown by the ligand fistein : log P:1.35, HBD: 4, HBA:6 The following are the obtained results showing biological activity and toxicity of ligand fistein: • Biological Activity: 0.966- Membrane intergrity; 0.959- Aryl-alcohol dehydrogenase (NADP+) inhibitor; 0.950- kinase inhibitor • Toxicity: Vascular toxic (0.755 pa), ulcer, aphthous (0.713 pa). where pa [pharmacologically active] is greater than 0.7.
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Molecular insights of circadian rhythm in Chilopoda
Статья обзорная
The control of the sleep-wake cycle as well as several physiological and behavioral processes in living things depends on circadian rhythms. Circadian rhythms are regulated by internal biological clocks that coordinate with environmental stimuli like light and temperature. The significance of circadian rhythms in organisms is emphasized because they support the maintenance of equilibrium between internal and external environments. They have an impact on functions like cellular growth, hormone production, reproduction, and tissue regeneration. Melatonin, cortisol, vasopressin, acetylcholine, insulin, leptin, and body temperature all have an impact on the circadian rhythm. The transcriptional and translational feedback loops formed by a network of genes and proteins are thought to represent the biochemical basis of circadian rhythms. Retinal light exposure is the main factor in the circadian clock's regulation. It is said that Chilopods in particular are nocturnal creatures whose circadian cycles are impacted by environmental cues like light and temperature. Chilopods' circadian rhythms influence many facets of their physiology and behavior, and the timing of necrosis, apoptosis, and autophagy in connection to the day/night cycle has been researched in Chilopods. Also described are the experimental techniques and methodologies utilized to explore Chilopoda circadian cycles. These comprise field research and sample collecting, lab studies utilizing histological and histochemical procedures, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and other staining techniques. The discussion of factors affecting Chilopoda circadian rhythms has a particular emphasis on light-dark cycles and entrainment. Chilopods synchronize their internal clocks with the external light-dark cycles, and exposure to light is essential for this process. The rate of physiological processes and the timing of circadian oscillations are also influenced by temperature, which is another element that affects Chilopoda circadian rhythms. This study gives a broad summary of the traits, biological basis, experimental approaches, and variables affecting Chilopoda circadian rhythms.
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Molecular responses of groundnut ( Arachis hypogea L.) to zinc stress
Статья научная
Heavy metals are important environmental pollutants and their toxicity is a problem of increasing significance for ecological, evolutionary and environmental reasons. The interference of germination related proteins by heavy metals has not been well documented at the proteomic and genomic level. In the current study, molecular responses of germinating groundnut seeds were investigated under Zinc stress. The SDS-PAGE showed the preliminary changes in the polypeptides patterns under Zinc stress. Restriction digestion banding pattern of EcoRI and Hind III enzymes showed distinct banding pattern in the treated plants.
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Monitoring the sensitivity of selected crops to lead, cadmium and arsenic
Статья научная
Heavy metals are highly toxic environmental pollutants. In plants, these compounds cause numerous slighter or stronger toxic effects. They inhibit root and shoot growth and yield production, affect nutrient uptake and homeostasis, and are frequently accumulated by agriculturally important crops. Effects of heavy metals on five selected species of agricultural crops were monitored. We focused our attention to general and commonly used stress indicators such as seed germination, weight and length of roots and shoots. Each of these characteristics was dependent on the tested plant species and tested heavy metals. Dosage of lead (500 mg/l) had little effect on seed germination, cadmium (300 mg/l) significantly affected seed germination of pea and barley, arsenic (100 mg/l) caused total inhibition of seed germination in all tested plant species. Plants grow in soil contaminated with heavy metals showed several symptoms of metal toxicity (chlorosis, necrosis of leaf tips, blackening of roots). In general, the highest tolerance to tested metal ions was observed in both varieties of bean, and the lowest sensitivity was observed in soybean plants. The highest degree of toxicity was shown to have tested doses of cadmium and arsenic, the lowest the doses of lead. In general, the lowest tolerance indexes were determined based on the decrease in fresh weight of roots.
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Morphological and biochemical responses of Aegiceras corniculatum L. to salinity stress
Статья научная
Salt (NaCl) induced changes of morphological and biochemical parameters were investigated in Aegiceras corniculatum L. Blanco supplemented with an increasing concentration of NaCl (0 mM, 100 mM, 150 mM, 200 mM, 250 mM and 300 mM). The plant height, stem diameter, dry weight, number of leaves and number of branches per plant were studied and found to be maximum in plants grown in 250 mM concentration of NaCl comparable to others. Biochemical test like total protein, total sugar, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents from leaf samples were performed. No significant changes were observed in total chlorophyll content among 0 and 30 days of NaCl treatment, however an increment was noticed in all the salt treated samples than that of control. The total soluble protein and sugar content were decreased under salinity condition even in both the 30 and 60 days of supplementation. From this experiment it may be concluded that the mangrove plant Aegiceras corniculatum can be sustained and propagated in optimum (250 mM) salinity under green house condition.
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Morphological and molecular variation of five rice varieties to ultra violet-B radiation stress
Статья научная
India is one of the major rice producing countries. Rice cultivation is affected by several factors such as climate, soil pollution, UV radiation etc. The present study is an attempt made to understand the morphological variation and molecular variation through SDS-PAGE in five different rice varieties induced with UV-B stress. Five varieties of rice were irradiated with UV-B for 10, 20 and 30 min and a set was maintained as control for every variety. Morphological variations were estimated using morphometric analysis that showed significant variation in stressed and controlled sets. The leaf protein was separated through SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis and molecular weight markers were used to calculate the molecular weight of the proteins. UV treated varieties had the lowest record based on the banding pattern than the control. These results show that the UV radiation could induce both phenotypic and genotypic changes in rice.
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Multiherbal formulation effect on blood sugar and body weight in diabetic albino rats
Статья научная
Background: Therapeutic plants are an important source of medicine, and various active compounds were isolated from the plants. As per the Indian traditional system of medicine, many medicinal plants have been used for the management of various health disorders, including diabetes mellitus . Diabetes mellitus is a non-communicable disease that is also referred to as a lifestyle disorder that requires modifications in diet, exercise, and behavior along with medication. The present research work was designed to evaluate the impact of multiherbal formulations on blood sugar and body weight in albino rats. Three different formulations were prepared from five plant extracts ( Allium sativum, Azadirachta indica , Phyllanthus emblica, Tamarindus indica, and Zingiber officinale ). After daily administration of multiherbal formulations at a dose of 300 mg/kg b.wt. and the standard drug (Glibenclamide) at a dose of 5 mg/kg b.wt. for 15, 30, and 45 days, respectively, blood samples were collected from each rat and analyzed according to standard techniques (parameters). Blood sugar and body weight were measured.
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Статья научная
Background: Diabetes mellitus is a non-communicable disease that is also referred to as a lifestyle disorder that requires modifications in diet, exercise, and behavior along with medication. As per the Indian traditional system of medicine, many medicinal plants have been used to manage various health disorders, including diabetes mellitus . Therapeutic plants are an important source of medicine, and various active compounds were isolated from the plants. The present research work was designed to evaluate the impact of multiherbal formulations on blood sugar and body weight in albino rats. Three different formulations were prepared from five plant extracts ( Allium sativum, Azadirachta indica , Phyllanthus emblica, Tamarindus indica, and Zingiber officinale ). After daily administration of multiherbal formulations at 300 mg/kg b.wt. and the standard drug (Glibenclamide) at a dose of 5 mg/kg b.wt. for 15, 30, and 45 days, respectively. Blood samples were collected from each rat and analyzed according to standard techniques (parameters), and biochemical parameters, viz., glycogen, protein, and lipid profile (serum cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, LDL, and VLDL) of rats, were measured.
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Статья научная
Characterization of mterf13 mutant Arabidopsis plants showed the possible participation of the mTERF13 in the modulation of genetic processes in mitochondria and chloroplasts of Arabidopsis. Moreover, according to data obtained, this gene can encode a potential mitochondrial transcription factor. Mutation of the studied gene through retrograde regulation can also lead to a change in the expression of nuclear genes encoding components of the alternative respiratory pathway.
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Myoinositol and its metabolites in abiotic stress tolerance in plants
Статья обзорная
Myo -inositol (MI) is a sugar-alcohol produced by most plants and animals. 1L-myo-Inositol- 1-phosphate synthase (MIPS) is the rate limiting enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of D-glucose 6- phosphate to 1L-myo-inositol-1-phosphate, the first step in the production of all inositol- containing compounds. The enzyme exists in a cytoplasmic form in a wide range of plants, animals, and fungi. In plants, a chloroplastic form of the enzyme is also widely known. The significance of MI and its direct and more downstream derivatives lies in their dual functions as signalling molecules as well as key metabolites under stress. The role of MI and its derivatives in aiding the plants to cope with various abiotic stress conditions through physiological and biochemical changes have been discussed in this paper.
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Статья научная
Changes in sub-cellular localization, isoenzyme spectrum and kinetic characteristics of NADP-malate dehydrogenase (NADP-MDH, EC 1.1.1.82) in Triticum durum Desf. genotypes with contrasting drought tolerance have been studied. In chloroplast and cytosol fractions of mesophyll cells of wheat flag leaves 70-75% and 25-30% of the total NADP-MDH activity were found to be localized, respectively. Three isoforms of NADP-MDH with molecular weights of 66, 74 and 86 kDa were revealed in the chloroplast fraction, whereas in the cytosolic fraction molecular weights of the isoenzymes were found to be 42, 66 and 74 kDa. Drought caused the formation of a new 90 kDa isoform of the enzyme in the chloroplast fraction in anthesis phase of ontogenesis. In the drought-tolerant genotype the appearance of the new isoform in the chloroplast fraction was accompanied by a more rapid increase in K m and V max contrary to the chloroplast fraction of the drought-sensitive genotype manifesting a slight decrease in these parameters, suggesting one of the adaptive traits in forming drought tolerance in C 3 plants.
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Nature relation between climatic variables and cotton production
Статья научная
This study investigated the effect of climatic variables on flower and boll production and retention in cotton ( Gossypium barbadense ). Also, this study investigated the relationship between climatic factors and production of flowers and bolls obtained during the development periods of the flowering and boll stage, and to determine the most representative period corresponding to the overall crop pattern. Evaporation, sunshine duration, relative humidity, surface soil temperature at 1800 h, and maximum air temperature, are the important climatic factors that significantly affect flower and boll production. The least important variables were found to be surface soil temperature at 0600 h and minimum temperature. There was a negative correlation between flower and boll production and either evaporation or sunshine duration, while that correlation with minimum relative humidity was positive. Higher minimum relative humidity, short period of sunshine duration, and low temperatures enhanced flower and boll formation.
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Nature's treasurer: plants acting on colon cancer
Статья обзорная
Nowadays, neoplastic disease, especially colorectal cancer has been emerged as a major challenge for mankind. For treatment of colorectal cancer some drugs available in market (e.g. Capecitabine, Cetuximab, Trinotecan, etc.) and many are under investigation. Tremendous possibilities are reviewed and collected from the herbal source (natural treasure) for the successful management of colorectal cancer. Intensive research had been done worldwide on the plant source that increases possibilities for providing great opportunities to improve the management of the colorectal cancer. Many researchers had concluded that herbal source can be useful for the successful management of colon cancer. This review provides a brief account on various plants that can be used for therapeutic purposes. Author suggests developing a chemical base moiety for clinical researchers to run clinical trials and future research on such capable plants.
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Nicotine and chromium co-exposure lead to hepatotoxicity in male albino rats
Статья научная
Nicotine is one of the major constituents of different types of smoking and is the more toxic part also. Thirty metals including chromium and some chromium compounds have been detected in tobacco smoke are causally associated with cancer in humans. In the present investigation, we evaluate the individual and combined effect of nicotine and chromium (VI) on the toxicity of liver in animal. In this study, a group of male albino rats (80-100 g) were induced by intraperitonial injection of vehicle (0.9% NaCl), nicotine tartrate (0.2 mg / 100 g body weight / day), K2Cr2O7 (0.8 mg / 100 g body weight / day), and combined exposure of K2Cr2O7 and nicotine tartrate at an interval of six hours for a period of 28 days. After the treatment the liver tissues were collected to measure the hepatotoxicity. It was showed that individual and combined exposure of chromium (VI) and nicotine marked decreased the activities of GOT, GPT, ALP and LDH in liver tissue. It was also noted that the level of MDA, CD and NO production increased significantly in response to individual and combined exposure of nicotine and chromium. On the other hand, it was observed that individual and combined exposure of nicotine and chromium (VI) marked decreased the GSH and GSSG content, and also the antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPx, GR and GST) in tested organ. The present study suggests that nicotine and chromium exhibited significant changes during individual exposure whereas co-exposure showed a marked alteration of the toxicity of liver in male albino rats.
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Nonlinear allometric equation for crop response to soil salinity
Статья научная
Crop response to soil salinity has been extensively studied, from empirical works to modelling approach, being described by different equations, first as a piecewise linear model. The equation employed can differ with actual response, causing miscalculation in practical situations, particularly at the higher extremes of the curve. The aim of this work is to propose a new equation, which allows determining the full response to salinity of plant species and to provide a verification using different experimental data sets. A new nonlinear equation is exposed supported by the allometric approach, in which the allometric exponent is salinity-dependent and decreases with the increase in relative salinity. A conversion procedure of parameters of the threshold-slope model is presented; also, a simple procedure for estimating the maximum salinity (zero-yield point) when data sets are incomplete is exposed. The equation was tested in a wide range of experimental situations, using data sets from published works, as well as new measurements on seed germination. The statistical indicators of quality (R 2, absolute sum of squares and standard deviation of residuals) showed that the equation accurately fits the tested empirical results. The new equation for determining crop response to soil salinity is able to follow the response curve of any crop with remarkable accuracy and flexibility. Remarkable characteristics are: a maximum at minimum salinity, a maximum salinity point can be found (zero-yield) depending on the data sets, and a meaningful inflection point, as well as the two points at which the slope of the curve equals unity, can be found.
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Статья научная
Arsenic (As) accumulation in rice is hazardous to both plant and human because of its toxicity and carcinogenic properties. North-East (NE) rice genotypes (76) were screened at germination stage under As treatments (0, 50 and 100 µM) in order to discover As tolerant and sensitive NE rice genotypes. Results showed a differential response to As with different degree of impact that can be categorized as tolerant, moderately tolerant and sensitive rice genotypes. This study reveals a significant background for the selection of the highest tolerant and sensitive rice genotypes.
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Nutrient use efficiency in eucalyptus clones
Статья научная
The Institute of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding (IFGTB), Coimbatore, India functioning under the Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education (ICFRE), Dehara Dun, India, has a long term systematic tree improvement programme in Eucalyptus spp. aimed to enhancing productivity and screening of clones for site specific. In the process, twenty four clones of Eucalyptus spp. were studied for the nutrient use efficiency (NUE) from the established clonal trials. It also provides valuable information for establishing plantations at different geographic locations. Considerable variations were observed when the selected 24 clones of Eucalyptus spp. were subjected to NUE studies. The clones of C-188, C-10, C-14, C-19, C-123 and C-186 are falls in one cluster and the NUE for production of biomass and the commercial wood, the Eucalyptus clones of are registered lower consumption of available nutrients for production of biomass and commercial wood compared to ruling clones and the seed origin seedlings. Further, the clonal variations in NUE are discussed in detail in this article and clones suitable for large scale planting with higher productivity and NUE.
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Olive leaves’ extract may attenuate cadmium-induced liver damage in Wistar rat
Статья научная
This study investigates the possible attenuation of cadmium toxicity by using fresh aqueous olive leaves extract (OLE) of Olea europea. Wistar rats were divided into a control group received a standard diet, two positive controls received 0.25 g/kg BW (OL1) and 0.5 g/kg BW (OL2), one group treated with CdCl2 (40 mg/kg BW), and finally, two other groups supplemented with the combination of Cd and OL (Cd+OL1, Cd+OL2). Cadmium and OL were administrated daily by gavage for one month. Hepatic histology, malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), and serum biomarkers were evaluated. Results indicate a significant increase in the MDA level of the Cd group compared with the three control groups, however, a significant decrease was noted in the groups of Cd+OL1 and Cd+OL2 compared to the Cd group. For the GSH, the Cd group showed a significant decrease compared to all control groups. A significant rise in the concentration of total bilirubin, total cholesterol, and triglycerides and in the activities of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase was observed in the Cd-exposed rats compared to all controls, but the level of albumin and total proteins manifested significant decrease. However, the combined treatments have attenuated the toxicity of Cd through the recorded significant changes of most studied biochemical markers. The above results were confirmed by the histological study which revealed certain liver alterations in the Cd-exposed rats, while the co-administration of OL has reduced the hepatic tissue disorganization. In conclusion, OL seems effective to diminish the prooxidative effect of cadmium.
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Organic Cultivation of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants: a Review
Статья научная
Medicinal and aromatic plants are the source of various bioactive components which are source of basic material for various pharmaceuticals, food additives, flavours, and industrially important bio-chemicals. These bioactive components have been used by mankind for treating various diseases since long time. Many of these bioactive components have very complex structure which makes it hard to economically synthesize them in laboratory and so plants became only source for their production. Growing environment plays an important role in the production of these plant secondary metabolites. Among these environmental factors physical and chemical properties of soil are of great importance for the growth and development of plants. It had been studies that chemical compounds present in soil had great impact on secondary metabolite production. Chemical fertilizers not only deteriorate the quality of soil but also impact the productivity and quality of plant secondary metabolites. So, under good agricultural practices followed for the cultivation of the medicinal and aromatic plants, organic cultivation is of utmost importance. Organic manures not only helps in improving soil health but also helps in better growth of plants and does not have any residual effect on the plant produce.
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