Статьи журнала - Журнал стресс-физиологии и биохимии
Все статьи: 1017
Статья научная
The influence of 0, 0.1 mM, 0.5 mM, 1.0 mM, 4.0 mM, 8.0 mM fluoride (F) concentration on seed germination, seedling growth of gram seeds (cv. Anuradha) was studied under laboratory condition. At the end of 15 days of treatment, significant reduction in root length, shoot length, dry weight, fresh weight, % of germination, protein content, catalase activity, tolerance index, vigour index, germination rate, germination relative index, mean daily germination were observed at increasing fluoride concentration. Total soluble sugar content, proline content, peroxidase activity, ascorbic acid oxidase activity, % DFC, % phytotoxicity of root and shoot increased along with gradual increment of F concentration. 4.0 mM F concentration was found to be most sensitive for gram seeds. At 8.0 mM F concentration germination occurred but plants were totally dried after completion of treatment period.
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Статья научная
The present research investigation intends at investigating the effect of on Sialic acid components in male albino rats of an aqueous extract of seeded papaya fruit pulp and seed extract specified as a combined dose and seedless variety papaya fruit pulp extract. The primary objective of the current research investigation was to evaluate the effects that occurred on male albino Wistar rats of semi-ripe fruit pulp extract from Carica papaya (fruits with and without seeds). The development of spermatozoa's ability to fertilise, the coating of spermatozoa with specific antigens, and changes in their membrane surface are all related to Sialic acid. Less spermatozoa cells in the testicular compartments and fewer of these cells are indicated by the decrease in Sialic acid contents in the testis and epididymis of both experimental groups.
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Study of Antioxidant Activity of Selected Medicinal Plants and Herbs in Iran and China
Статья научная
Medicinal plants and herbs have been used for the treatment of different diseases among various approaches employed in combatting and treatment of various ailments. Medicinal plants and herbs contain different antioxidants which help to confer protection against free radicals associated diseases. The antioxidant components are mainly produced in plants in the form of secondary metabolites. The exogenous antioxidants are basically obtained from medicinal plants and food such as traditional medicinal herbs, spices, flowers, beverages, mushrooms, cereals, vegetables, and fruits. The natural antioxidants of plants are vitamins, carotenoids, polyphenols as stilbenes, lignans, anthocyanins, flavonoids, and phenolic acids. In both China and Iran, people have consumed medicinal plants as an alternative to traditional medicine for thousands of years. In recent years, researches and studies on antioxidant activities of medicinal herbs and plants have increased significantly because of enhanced interest in the healthy food industry, and rich natural sources of antioxidants. This review aims to highlight the importance of medicinal plants with antioxidant activity, and introduce some of the most important plants and herbs with antioxidant activities which are common in China and Iran while considering their mechanisms of actions and their functions in treatment and prevention of different diseases.
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Статья научная
Background and objectives: Diabetes mellitus is the most common endocrine disorder and the leading cause of death and disability in the world. Magnesium is the most common intracellular cation involved in insulin mediated glucose uptake. This study was conducted in type 2 diabetic patients to assess fasting blood glucose (FBS), HbA1c and serum magnesium levels and compare it with normal controls. Materials and Methods: This was a case control study which included 50 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 50 healthy controls. Serum magnesium was estimated by calmagite endpoint method. HbA1c was estimated by immunoturbidimetry method. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS. Results and discussion: Decrease in mean level of serum magnesium were observed among diabetic patients. A negative correlation was observed between serum magnesium and HbA1c. A linear regression analysis showed an inverse relationship between serum magnesium and glycemic control among patients with diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: We concluded that type 2 diabetic patients who are at risk of developing microvascular complications with poor glycemic control must be regularly monitored for serum magnesium levels.
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Study of chlorophyll a and b in etiolated and androgenic plants of barley
Статья обзорная
In order to characterize the occurrence of albino plantlets during the androgenetic process in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), chlorophyllous content of microspore derived structures were analyzed in various cultivar. The dynamics of quantities of a and b chlorophylls and their relations within etiolated and androgenic plants of the contrasting cultivars of Igri and Cork have been compared. Research on chlorophyll content dynamics showed that the androgenic plants of cv. Igri accumulated a higher content of chlorophyll compared to the regenerants of cv. Cork. This deficiency of chlorophyll in regenerants may be directly related to a high number of albinos in the anther culture of cv. Cork
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Статья научная
Suaeda maritima (L.) Dumort. of the family Chenopodiaceae, is an annual succulent herb growing on salty marshy habitat as one of the dominant mangrove associate species and also as pure vegetation of that. It is regularly harnessed by the local people for use as food as well as for alleviating different maladies. Alpha-amyrin, a triterpenoid, is a remarkable biomolecule available in S. maritima . It is reported to have cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties. A survey of the amount of alpha-amyrin content available in the individuals of S. maritima, collected from eight different regions of the sea coast of the bay of Bengal like, Digha, Sankarpur, Tajpur, Dadanpatrabarh, Shoula, Bankiput and Petuaghat, was conducted with normal phase high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) in this study. It also portrayed variation in the amount of alpha-amyrin among the plant individuals of the species growing in the said zones. The existence of variation in the amount of alpha-amyrin seems to be prospective for selecting the best producer out of them.
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Study of metal resistance potential of the Cd, Cr tolerant alligator weed
Статья научная
Background – Environmental deterioration due to heavy metal pollution is a major global concern for its immense importance in the ecosystem. Indiscriminate use of heavy metals for rapid urbanization and industrial exploration is a pressing threat to human health. Among this Cd and Cr contamination is most dangerous as these metals directly enter into the food chain due to their higher solubility and mobility. Identification of a metal tolerant native plant species would be helpful to decontaminate Cd and Cr polluted land. In our previous study, field investigations were conducted to evaluate the tolerance potential of Alligator weed to Cd and Cr.Alligator weed [ Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart). Griseb ],is the most widely distributed perennial stoloniferous herb in these contaminated areas in and around Kolkata. Purpose of the study – To establish metal tolerant capacity of the species, different biochemical parameters assessing its metal accumulation capacity and reflecting its detoxification mechanism were studied. For these purpose, the same plant collected from the highest metal contaminated area was grown under laboratory condition with external application of various concentration of Cd and Cr individually and synergistically (0.5, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.5, 1.8 mM). To estimate the hazardous effects of Cd and Cr on this weed, membrane damage was quantified in form of lipid peroxidation i.e MDA production. The metal uptake and accumulation potential was estimated by measuring the Cd and Cr concentration in root and shoot. Some soil parameters such as Orgnaic Carbon, Cation exchange capacity were also studied to explain the bio availability of metals. Various biochemical parameters such as free proline content, non protein- thiol content and zymogram analysis of antioxidative isozymes (such as, Guiacol peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase and ascorbate peroxidase) were studied to assess its metal resistant capacity. Result: The acidic pH and enhanced Cation Exchange Capacity of soil made both Cd and Cr more bioavailable with increasing metal concentration. Linear increase in metal uptake and accumulation was recorded upto an optimum level at 1.0 mM, 1.2 mM for Cd and Cr respectively, evident from Translocation Factor > 1. Gradual increase in membrane damage reflected the devastating effect of both Cd and Cr. But enhanced free proline content and non protein thiol content provide enough detoxification capacity to tolerate 1.2 mM Cd, Cr after which biochemical defenses declined. Increased activity of glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase were well documented in 1.2 mM and 1 mM Cd, Cr treated plants respectively. Overexpression of ascorbate peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase was evident by the appearance of additional bands with respect to control plants which would provide acute detoxification capacity of the plant to cope up with gradual increasing Cd, Cr contamination. Conclusion: This newly emergent Cd and Cr tolerant plant which can thrive well in highly Cd, Cr contaminated soil under field condition is thought to have the potential for phytoremediation of multiple metal contaminated sites of major polluted cities.
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Статья научная
The effect of chemical residues of clomazone on photosynthetic processes has been studied by using several low concentrations of the herbicide (0, 1, 0.1, 0.01, 0.001, 0.0001 and 0.00001) µM and seedlings of two varieties of tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L.cv.Virginie vk51, Nicotiana tabacum, L.cv. Xanthi ). The content of photosynthetic pigments, the parameters of the chlorophyll-a fluorescence and the JIP-test were performed on an adult leaf (AL) and a young leaf (YL), that gave a complementary design to know the action's mode of clomazone on the plant physiological processes. Clomazone reduced the total chlorophyll (a+b), carotenoids pigments (reduction in size antenna pigments judged by an increase in the chlorophyll a/b ratio) in young leaves more than adults leaves. The maximal photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) of photosystem II (PSII) decreased significantly in young leaves compared to adult leaves and in (Virginie) variety than (Xanthi) variety. Among the parameters calculated of the JIP-test most affected by the treatment, PIabs, 1-VJ, ABS/RC, DI0/RC, TR0/RC, ET0/RC, ET0/ABS, which indicated a comparable effects of clomazone(1μM, 0.1µM, 0.01µM) between the two types of leaves and the varieties used. More, the results showed that the concentration (1μM) was the most effective among the other low concentrations used and the (Virginie) variety is more sensitive than the (Xanthi) variety. We conclude that clomazone has probably two combined functions (physiological, toxic) judged by the different behavior of both types of leaves in the presence of the herbicide.
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Study of radioprotective properties of potassium humate in gamma irradiated wheat seedlings
Статья научная
The radioprotective properties of potassium humate were studied under model conditions. The growth dynamics of wheat seedlings treated with 0.01%, 0.001% and 0.001% solutions of potassium humate both before and after γ-irradiation at a dose of 200 Gy was studied. A positive effect of potassium humate solutions on the activity of catalase, the amount of malondialdehyde, chlorophyll pigments and carotenoids, fluorescent characteristics (the maximum quantum yield of PSII (photosystem II) in seedlings obtained from gamma-irradiated wheat seeds was revealed.
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Статья научная
Our work consists to study the germinative behaviour of the seeds of Aristolochia baetica L. of Tessala Mount (western Algeria), endemic species of western Algeria, Morocco and the Iberian Peninsula. The germination tests were carried out under controlled conditions, in Petri dishes lined with filter paper. We studied the effect of some physicochemical pretreatments on the improvement of germination capacity of seeds. The effect of temperature, water and salt stress has also been studied. The results show that the seeds of Aristolochia baetica are dormant and that only pretreatment with gibberellic acid (GA3), soaking in distilled water and stratification have been able to remove their inability to germinate. The optimum thermal of germination is between 15 °C and 20 °C. The seeds of Aristolochia baetica are very sensitive to water stress, their tolerance level is -0.19 bar beyond which their germination is inhibited. However, they are intolerant to salinity.
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Study of the tolerance of ten accessions of carrot ( Daucus carota L.) to salinity
Статья научная
The present work has focused on the assessment of the tolerance of ten accessions of carrot (L 1, L 2, L 3, F 4, E 5, R 7, R 8, L 10, G 11 and S 12) to salt stress, grown in the region of Sidi Bouzid. The tests were carried out under plastic greenhouse (during 5 months). The results obtained show that the salt stress reduced the parameters of growth and production. However, a difference in the response to salt stress was recorded between the accessions studied. A reduction in yield of up to 70 % with the concentration 3 g / l of NaCl, for different accessions studied is recorded. However, the accession L 1 who has given the longer roots and dry matter yield and the largest root shows the most tolerant accessions unlike L 10, G 11 and S 12 which are the most sensitive.
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Study on the effect of paraquat dichloride’s (PD) acute toxicity on Anabas testudineus (Bloch, 1792)
Статья научная
A commonly used herbicide in agriculture, paraquat dichloride (PD) has caused a great deal of concern due to its high toxicity and potential impact on the environment. The present study aims to study the effect of paraquat dichloride’s (PD) acute toxicity, behavioural and morphological changes on Anabas testudineus. The species Anabas testudineus , also known as the climbing Perch. Fish were treated with five different doses of PD concentrations in a Fishery Science lab to estimate the LC50 value. The probit analysis method was used to calculate the LC50 value for PD exposure. Fish exposed to (PD) exhibited behavioral abnormalities such as altered nervous behavior, elevated stress response, and respiratory distress. When exposed fish were examined morphologically, several abnormalities were found, such as Sclerosis in the head and tail region, Mucous layer on the whole body, Blood from gills, Redness in eyes, Belly swelling, Red color appearing in the head and tail region, pelvic fin, and anal fin destroyed. The finding of the study shows, Anabas testudineus exposed to PD had an LC50 value of 116.94 mgL-1, which implies the level of toxicity concentration. These results indicate that exposure to (PD) influences the behavior and external morphology of Anabas testudineus . This study emphasizes how PD affects freshwater fish, specifically Anabas testudineus , in an acute toxicological way. In addition, observed morphological and behavioral changes highlight the significance of tracking and controlling the use of PD in agricultural practices to minimize any potential adverse environmental impacts and protect the aquatic ecosystem.
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Studying of import mechanisms for different length and structure DNA into plant mitochondria
Статья научная
We investigated import of DNA of various length (109 bp, 269 bp, 717 bp, 1540 bp, 2732 bp, 9000 bp and 11600 bp) into the isolated mitochondria from potato tubers ( Solanum tuberosum ) and turnip root crops ( Brassica rapa ). The results imply existence of multiple pathways of DNA transfer into plant mitochondria. It was established that the transport of short length DNA (100-300 bp) is apparently carried out with the participation of several protein carriers which nature is currently unknown. We identified factors that influence the process of DNA transfer into mitochondria. These factors include the length of nucleic acid molecule and the presence of terminal inverted repeats that are specific to linear mitochondrial plasmids of plants.
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Статья научная
Approximately 30% of country regions are under influence of salt and one of the main important methods for increasing of hectare performance in salt soils, using of resistant plant against with salt such as medicinal annual plant of Purslane (Portulaca oleraceae L.).Studying of the salt stress effect on germination and some physiological parameters in Purslane was carried out in completely random framework and with three replications and under controlled conditions. In this study, salinity was imposed by sodium chloride (NaCl) and in five levels of framework included of Control (distilled water), 50, 100, 150 and 200 Mmol from NaCl. Studied physiological parameters included of proline, sugar, protein, lipid and chlorophyll in Purslane leaves.In relation with observed germination that increasing of salt level, germination rate was reduced that the least germination rate in 200 Mmol and the highest germination was observed in control which in statistical level 0.01 showed meaningful difference. Also, results showed an increasing of leaf proline and sugar that was synchronize with increasing of sodium chloride, this increasing in statistical level of P
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Статья научная
Soil salinity is one of the most important constraints that limit crop production in arid and semi arid regions. Seed germination is a critical stage in the history of plants and salt tolerance during germination is crucial for the establishment of plants that grow in saline soils. research was carried out in order to test the effects of different salinity levels on germination and early growth of lettuce (Lactuca Sativa L.). The experiment was carried out using completely randomized design in four replication in 2011 Zabol University laboratory Iran. The results showed that by increasing salinity, percentage and race of germination decreased, So that, in the 150 mM of salinity level, germination reached to minimized (8.33%). Other measured parameters such as plumule length, radicle length, dry and wet weight decreased as well. All the results analyzed by SAS statistical software and comparison of average had done by Duncan test on 5% possible level.
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Статья научная
This study investigates the statistical relationship between climatic variables and aspects of cotton production ( G.barbadense ), and the effects of climatic factors prevailing prior to flowering or subsequent to boll setting on flower and boll production and retention in cotton. Also, the study covers the predicted effects of climatic factors during convenient intervals (in days) on cotton flower and boll production compared with daily observation. Further, cotton flower and boll production as affected by climatic factors and soil moisture status has been considered. Evaporation, sunshine duration, relative humidity, surface soil temperature at 1800 h, and maximum air temperature, are the important climatic factors that significantly affect flower and boll production. The least important variables were found to be surface soil temperature at 0600 h and minimum temperature. The five-day interval was found to be more adequately and sensibly related to yield parameters. Evaporation, minimum humidity and sunshine duration were the most effective climatic factors during preceding and succeeding periods on boll production and retention. There was a negative correlation between flower and boll production and either evaporation or sunshine duration, while that correlation with minimum relative humidity was positive. The soil moisture status showed low and insignificant correlation with flower and boll production. Higher minimum relative humidity, short period of sunshine duration, and low temperatures enhanced flower and boll formation.
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Subcellular Redistribution of Calcium Ions in Zea mays L. Leaves under Hypoxia
Статья научная
Previous studies on the functioning of the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) shunt under hypoxic conditions have demonstrated the activation of catalytic activity in enzymes that bypass two reactions of the citric acid cycle. However, the mechanism responsible for transmitting the signal of the onset of hypoxic stress into the cell remains unclear. It is known that calcium ions can act as messengers of intracellular signals. In this study, we analyzed changes in calcium ion content in maize leaves under hypoxia. It was found that under oxygen deficiency, the level of the target cation in the total cellular fraction increases 3,8-fold compared to the control. At 3 hours of incubation, the calcium content in the cytosolic fraction increases slightly, reaching its maximum value by 24 hours. In the mitochondrial fraction of the treated samples, a decrease in the concentration of free calcium was observed, reaching 2,2 times lower than the control. The rise in cytosolic Ca2+ levels, along with the rapid reestablishment of ionic homeostasis, is thought to act as a hypoxic stress signal. The obtained results will expand our knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the primary stress response in plant cells to oxygen deficiency in the environment, which may ultimately contribute to the development of more resilient agricultural crops.
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Sugar accumulation and its regulation by jasmonic acid in Brassica napus L. under salt stress
Статья научная
The effects of Jasmonic acid (JA) on sugar accumulation and protein content in 12-days old Brassica napus L. seedlings were studied. The seeds pre-treated with different concentrations of jasmonic acid were germinated in Petriplates supplied with various concentrations of salt stress (NaCl). The contents of total chlorophyll, total sugars, reducing sugars, non-reducing sugars, total carbohydrates and total protein content of 12-days old seedlings were analysed. It was observed that JA reduced the toxicity of salt stress on seedling growth by influencing the chlorophyll content and protein content. Pre-treatment of jasmonic acid was found to be significantly effective in increasing the contents of sugars.
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Synergetic action of light and temperature on seed germination of some solanaceae members
Статья научная
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of nine combinations of temperature and light on seeds germination of four solanaceae species ( Datura innoxia, Hyoscyamus muticus, Solanum nigrum and Withania somnifera) in germination chamber. The influence of combined of three alternative temperature regimes from 10 to 40 °C, with 10°C intervals, under three light levels (the continuous white light, alternative and darkness) were tested. The germination parameters as germination percentage, seed vigor index, dormancy, germination speed and germination index, and were measured and calculated. The data reveled some similarities in germination percentage and seedling vigor index among Datura innoxia, Solanum nigrum in one hand and between Hyoscyamus muticus and Withinia somnifera on the other hand, while germination speed and germination index showed some similarities between Datura innoxia, Withinia somnifera and between Hyoscyamus muticus and Solanum nigrum. The optimum condition for the germination of the seeds was varied with species (species-dependent): some species Hyoscyamus muticus and Withinia somnifera germinate easier under combined effects of light and temperature, whereas, Solanum nigrum and Datura innoxia decreased their germination in darkness conditions. The maximal germination was reached in Hyoscyamus muticus follwed by Withania somnifera, Solanum nigrum and Datura innoxia species under wide range of selected combinations. With the exception of Datura innoxia all other species seemed a photoplastic character. No relationship was found between germination percentage and alternating temperature especially in Hyoscyamus muticus and Withania somnifera. Alternating temperature is not the main factor affecting germination percentage. We concluded that the regime of light suppressed the effects alternating temperatures on seed germination of Datura innoxia species. It was concluded that synergized effects of light and alternating temperatures, enhanced seed germination of Hyoscyamus muticus and Solanum nigrum. Thus, the light regime can play a vital role in present and future weed management strategies.
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Статья научная
Suspension cell cultures of Corylus avellana were challenged with salicylic acid and its combined use with dibutyl phthalate solvent. Salicylic acid with concentrations of 12.5, 25 and 50 mg L –1 and 10% (v/v) dibutyl phthalate were used and added on day 8 and 10 of subculture, respectively. The results showed that growth, viability and protein content of cells were decreased by the treatments, compared to control. In all treatments, hydrogen peroxide content and lipid peroxidation rate of cells increased, compared to those of the control cells. Activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase increased by salicylic acid and, dibutyl phthalate exaggerated effect of salicylic acid. While flavonoids content decreased by the treatments, paclitaxel content increased significantly. The extracellular paclitaxel was more affected, compared to cell-associated paclitaxel and all treatments increased paclitaxel release and specific yield compared to that of the control. The most production of paclitaxel and specific yield of it were observed under effect of combined use of salicylic acid (50 mg L –1) and dibutyl phthalate, suggesting a synergistic accumulative effect.
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