Статьи журнала - Журнал стресс-физиологии и биохимии
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Статья научная
The stress induced effect of pulp and papermill effluent in the fish, Oreochromis mossambicus was investigated in the present study. Pulp and papermill effluent discharged from Hindustan News Print LTD, Peruva, Kottayam (Dist), Kerala was collected from the discharging point and used for the study. The adult Oreochromis mossambicus of size 15 ± 2 g were exposed to a sublethal concentrations (1/5th and 1/10th LC50 value) of the effluent for a period of 10, 20 and 30 days. biochemical parameters in the liver such as carbohydrate, protein, lipid and enzymes were analysed. Energy yielding nutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins and lipids were decreased tremendously for the study as the concentration and duration of the effluent exposure increased. Increased activity of enzymes such as GOT, GPT and LDH showed that the fish was under stress when exposed to pulp and papermill effluent. Fish exposed to papermill effluent showed reduced activity of ACP and ALP as the duration of exposure and concentration increased.
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Stress related variations in serum vitamin e and c levels of Murrah buffaloes
Статья научная
He study was designed to determine stress related variations in endogenous vitamin E and C levels of Murrah buffaloes. For this purpose, four hundred and fifty healthy adult female Murrah buffaloes between 4 and 12 years of age were sampled to harvest the sera during adverse ambiences viz. moderate, extreme hot and cold ambiences. Animals were broadly divided into non-pregnant milch, pregnant milch, pregnant dry, primipara and multipara. The mean values (µmol L-1) of serum vitamin E and C were 4.31±0.03 and 23.34±0.33, respectively during moderate ambience. The mean values of both the vitamin E and C depressed significantly (p≤0.05) during hot and cold ambiences as compared to moderate ambience. It was observed that decline in each value during hot ambience was greater than that of respective cold ambience. A significant (p≤0.05) variation was observed in the mean values of vitamin E and C in each ambience in the animals of all physiological states. The mean values of both the vitamins of non pregnant milch animals were highest (p≤0.05) whereas they were lowest(p≤0.05) in pregnant dry animals. It could be concluded that extreme ambiences produced oxidative stress in the buffaloes of all physiological states. The depressed levels of endogenous vitamin E and C in the serum showed their depletion in the body probably to combat free radical scavengers. Vitamin E and C should be supplemented to protect the animals from oxidative stress.
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Статья научная
Gymnema sylvestre is a perennial woody climber belonging to the family Apocynaceae. The leaves and roots of the plant have medicinal properties and are used in the Ayurveda system of medicine to treat various diseases. It is an important medicinal plant mainly for its antidiabetic properties and also it possess anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial and anti-oxidant activities. In this study the effect of stress signals in the pigment production and anti-oxidant potential assessed. The experiment was conducted in a poly house with twelve replications of each treatment. The different stress signals were Zinc sulphate, Sodium nitroprusside, Salicylic acid, Jasmonic acid and Squalene. The present study reveals an idea about the effect of stress signals in antioxidant activity and pigment production. The fresh leaf samples of treated plants were collected for pigment estimation. The leaf samples of treated plants were collected, dried and extracted in methanol and this methanolic extracts were used for analysis of anti-oxidant activity. A variation in both the parameters observed in different treatments.
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Strictly NO 3nutrition alleviates iron deficiency chlorosis in Arabidopsis thaliana plants
Статья научная
The effects of NO 3- nutrition on iron deficiency responses were investigated in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plants were grown with or without 5 µM Fe, and with NO 3- alone or a mixture of NO 3- and NH 4+. The results indicated that, NO 3- nutrition induced higher dry matter production, regardless the Fe concentration. Fe deficiency reduced growth activity, photosynthetic pigment concentration and Fe content of plants, whatever the N forms. This decrease was more pronounced in plants grown with mixed N source; those plants presented the highest EL and MDA and anthocyanin contents compared to plants grown under Fe sufficient conditions. In iron free-solutions, with NO 3- as the sole nitrogen source, enhanced FC-R activity in the roots was observed. However, in the presence of NH 4+, plants displayed some decrease in in FC-R and PEPC activities. The presence of NH 4+ modified typical Fe stress responses in Arabidopsis thaliana plants.
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Structural and Functional Characterisation of the Chitinase Gene in Chickpea under Aluminum Stress
Статья научная
Aluminum (Alі⁺) toxicity in acidic soils severely limits chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) productivity by impairing root growth and suppressing defence responses. Chitinases are well studied for antifungal activity, but their role under aluminum stress is largely unknown. We present the first structural and functional characterization of chickpea Chitinase 10 (XP_004494478.1) under Alі⁺ stress using in silico approaches. Multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis revealed strong conservation and close relatedness to legumes such as Medicago truncatula and Cajanus cajan. Conserved domain mapping and 3D modeling confirmed a stable GH19 catalytic fold. The protein–protein interaction analysis demonstrated that Chitinase 10 is acting as a central hub in the stress responses, while the molecular docking analysis demonstrated that Feі⁺ attaches strongly to a distant site, while Alі⁺ attached comparatively weakly but destructively to the catalytic site near Lys46, Glu228 and Asp231, inhibiting the activity of the enzyme. Our findings reveal that aluminum disrupts the function of Chitinase 10 by disrupting the catalytic site, disrupting its antifungal mode of action. This mechanistic connection indicates that aluminum toxicity disrupts plant defence and provides structural basis to inform breeding or biotechnological applications to improve aluminum tolerance in chickpea.
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Structural and functional alteration of photosynthetic apparatus in rice under submergence
Статья научная
Submergence induced alteration of photo-system II (PS II) structure and function was probed using fast O-J-I-P chlorophyll a fluorescence transient and CO2 photo-assimilation rate. Submergence resulted in an inhibition of CO2 photo-assimilation rate and reduction in leaf chlorophyll content in rice but the decrease was more in submergence susceptible (IR 42) and avoiding type (Sabita) cultivars compared to the tolerant (FR 13A) one. Quantification of the chlorophyll a fluorescence transients (JIP-test) revealed large cultivar differences in the response of PS II to submergence. The kinetics of chlorophyll a fluorescence transient showed complex changes in the magnitude and rise of O-J, J-I and I-P phases of fluorescence rise. Due to submergence both donor and acceptor sides of PS II were damaged and electron transport perturbed, which resulted in the fall of CO2 photo-assimilation rate. Submergence also affected overall grouping probability (PG) or energetic connectivity between PS II antennae. The fall of PG was greater in submergence susceptible and avoiding types of cultivar compared to the tolerant one. These indicate that chlorophyll fluorescence can be used to know the sensitivity of rice to submergence stress.
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Статья научная
Role of structural carbohydrate content and lignifications in rice shoot were studied in three indica rice ( Oryza sativa L.) cultivars namely FR13A (tolerant to submergence), IR42 (susceptible to submergence) and Sabita (adapted to medium depth, 0-50 cm stagnant flooding), varying degrees of tolerance to submergence under control and 8 days after submergence conditions. During submergence, Sabita and IR 42 accelerated the rate of stem and leaf elongation more than that of FR 13A. Submergence significantly reduces the cellulose and hemicelluloses content. The decrease was more pronounced in susceptible rice cultivar than that of tolerant rice cultivar. Lignifications’ was monitored by measuring the content of lignin and the activities of two enzymes of the lignin biosynthetic pathway, coniferyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) in rice shoots. Lignin content and PAL and CAD activity was more in susceptible cv. both under control and 8d after submergence. In conclusion submergence induced elongation of rice shoot might decreased the structural carbohydrate level as our experiment showed a significant negative correlation of cellulose and hemicelluloses with plant height but also positively associated with plant survival under submergence. The content of lignin and activities of CAD and PAL showed negative association with shoot elongation, yet the association of these parameters with survival was non-significant.
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Studies on developmental variation of isoperoxidase and protein profile of Zea mays L
Статья научная
The present study was aimed to produce the isoperoxidase and protein marker for the maize cultivars from India and to find the isoperoxidase and protein expression on the various developmental stages. The leaf samples of Zea mays L. were harvested on 3rd, 7th, 11th, 15th, 19th, 23rd and 27th d for electrophoretic analysis of isoperoxidase and protein. The total protein and isoperoxidase were isolated using the standard procedure described by Sadasivam and Manickam. Isozyme and protein separation was carried out using 10% non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The banding pattern suggested several similarities as well as presence of unique isoperoxidase and protein in each stage. These studies will be useful for the identification of the major proteins present at different developmental stages of Z. mays.
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Статья научная
The fall army worm (FAW) ( Spodoptera frugiperda ) is a polyphagous pest which causes damage to commercially important cultivated crops such as maize, rice, sorghum, cotton and also different vegetable crops. Carboxyl esterases (CarE, EC.3.1.1.1) or esterases are enzymes in the carboxyl / cholinesterase gene family that catalyze the hydrolysis of carboxyl esters. The carboxylesterases enzyme are the detoxification enzymes in FAW. Therefore, the inhibition of carboxylesterases from FAW would help in pest management. In this scenario, Isolation, purification and inhibition studies were carried out on the midgut carboxylesterase enzyme of FAW. Through a combination of steps including centrifugation, ammonium sulfate gradient precipitation, DEAE-Cellulose ion exchange chromatography, the enzyme was purified from fifth instar larvae of FAW. The final purified carboxylesterase after ion exchange chromatography had a specific activity of 7282.22 units / mg protein, 5.6 - fold of crude homogenate, and a yield of 25%. The purity of esterase was established by PAGE and SDS-PAGE. The SDS-PAGE revealed a molecular weight of approximately 45kDa to 66kDa. Our studies on the purified midgut carboxylesterase showed complete inhibition by organophosphorous inhibitor (10-4 M). The enzyme was also inhibited by 1x concentration of Lizol (disinfectant) and by different natural extracts (1x) as well.
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Статья научная
Seed is a developmental stage that is highly protective against external stresses in the plant life cycle. Present study was undertaken with the aim to elucidate the toxic effect of Cu (II) ions on the antioxidant enzymes in chickpea cultivars during seed development and growth. Seven-day-old seedlings were subjected to different concentrations (0-100 ppm) of CuSO 4*7H 2O for 2 days followed by analysis of effect on different antioxidant enzymes. Our results indicated that with the increase in the Cu ion concentration, the antioxidant activities of catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and superoxide dismutase showed a differential behavioral pattern. Besides the antioxidant activity, the toxic affect was also observed in other physiological parameters viz. root/shoot length, RWC and lipid peroxidation. This study indicates that the toxicity of Cu stress is dependent on the physiological state of tissue surrounding the embryo is in part responsible for determining the toxicity.
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Статья научная
The influence of 0, 0.1 mM, 0.5 mM, 1.0 mM, 4.0 mM, 8.0 mM fluoride (F) concentration on seed germination, seedling growth of gram seeds (cv. Anuradha) was studied under laboratory condition. At the end of 15 days of treatment, significant reduction in root length, shoot length, dry weight, fresh weight, % of germination, protein content, catalase activity, tolerance index, vigour index, germination rate, germination relative index, mean daily germination were observed at increasing fluoride concentration. Total soluble sugar content, proline content, peroxidase activity, ascorbic acid oxidase activity, % DFC, % phytotoxicity of root and shoot increased along with gradual increment of F concentration. 4.0 mM F concentration was found to be most sensitive for gram seeds. At 8.0 mM F concentration germination occurred but plants were totally dried after completion of treatment period.
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Статья научная
The present research investigation intends at investigating the effect of on Sialic acid components in male albino rats of an aqueous extract of seeded papaya fruit pulp and seed extract specified as a combined dose and seedless variety papaya fruit pulp extract. The primary objective of the current research investigation was to evaluate the effects that occurred on male albino Wistar rats of semi-ripe fruit pulp extract from Carica papaya (fruits with and without seeds). The development of spermatozoa's ability to fertilise, the coating of spermatozoa with specific antigens, and changes in their membrane surface are all related to Sialic acid. Less spermatozoa cells in the testicular compartments and fewer of these cells are indicated by the decrease in Sialic acid contents in the testis and epididymis of both experimental groups.
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Статья научная
Background and objectives: Diabetes mellitus is the most common endocrine disorder and the leading cause of death and disability in the world. Magnesium is the most common intracellular cation involved in insulin mediated glucose uptake. This study was conducted in type 2 diabetic patients to assess fasting blood glucose (FBS), HbA1c and serum magnesium levels and compare it with normal controls. Materials and Methods: This was a case control study which included 50 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 50 healthy controls. Serum magnesium was estimated by calmagite endpoint method. HbA1c was estimated by immunoturbidimetry method. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS. Results and discussion: Decrease in mean level of serum magnesium were observed among diabetic patients. A negative correlation was observed between serum magnesium and HbA1c. A linear regression analysis showed an inverse relationship between serum magnesium and glycemic control among patients with diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: We concluded that type 2 diabetic patients who are at risk of developing microvascular complications with poor glycemic control must be regularly monitored for serum magnesium levels.
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Study of chlorophyll a and b in etiolated and androgenic plants of barley
Статья обзорная
In order to characterize the occurrence of albino plantlets during the androgenetic process in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), chlorophyllous content of microspore derived structures were analyzed in various cultivar. The dynamics of quantities of a and b chlorophylls and their relations within etiolated and androgenic plants of the contrasting cultivars of Igri and Cork have been compared. Research on chlorophyll content dynamics showed that the androgenic plants of cv. Igri accumulated a higher content of chlorophyll compared to the regenerants of cv. Cork. This deficiency of chlorophyll in regenerants may be directly related to a high number of albinos in the anther culture of cv. Cork
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Статья научная
Suaeda maritima (L.) Dumort. of the family Chenopodiaceae, is an annual succulent herb growing on salty marshy habitat as one of the dominant mangrove associate species and also as pure vegetation of that. It is regularly harnessed by the local people for use as food as well as for alleviating different maladies. Alpha-amyrin, a triterpenoid, is a remarkable biomolecule available in S. maritima . It is reported to have cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties. A survey of the amount of alpha-amyrin content available in the individuals of S. maritima, collected from eight different regions of the sea coast of the bay of Bengal like, Digha, Sankarpur, Tajpur, Dadanpatrabarh, Shoula, Bankiput and Petuaghat, was conducted with normal phase high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) in this study. It also portrayed variation in the amount of alpha-amyrin among the plant individuals of the species growing in the said zones. The existence of variation in the amount of alpha-amyrin seems to be prospective for selecting the best producer out of them.
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Study of metal resistance potential of the Cd, Cr tolerant alligator weed
Статья научная
Background – Environmental deterioration due to heavy metal pollution is a major global concern for its immense importance in the ecosystem. Indiscriminate use of heavy metals for rapid urbanization and industrial exploration is a pressing threat to human health. Among this Cd and Cr contamination is most dangerous as these metals directly enter into the food chain due to their higher solubility and mobility. Identification of a metal tolerant native plant species would be helpful to decontaminate Cd and Cr polluted land. In our previous study, field investigations were conducted to evaluate the tolerance potential of Alligator weed to Cd and Cr.Alligator weed [ Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart). Griseb ],is the most widely distributed perennial stoloniferous herb in these contaminated areas in and around Kolkata. Purpose of the study – To establish metal tolerant capacity of the species, different biochemical parameters assessing its metal accumulation capacity and reflecting its detoxification mechanism were studied. For these purpose, the same plant collected from the highest metal contaminated area was grown under laboratory condition with external application of various concentration of Cd and Cr individually and synergistically (0.5, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.5, 1.8 mM). To estimate the hazardous effects of Cd and Cr on this weed, membrane damage was quantified in form of lipid peroxidation i.e MDA production. The metal uptake and accumulation potential was estimated by measuring the Cd and Cr concentration in root and shoot. Some soil parameters such as Orgnaic Carbon, Cation exchange capacity were also studied to explain the bio availability of metals. Various biochemical parameters such as free proline content, non protein- thiol content and zymogram analysis of antioxidative isozymes (such as, Guiacol peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase and ascorbate peroxidase) were studied to assess its metal resistant capacity. Result: The acidic pH and enhanced Cation Exchange Capacity of soil made both Cd and Cr more bioavailable with increasing metal concentration. Linear increase in metal uptake and accumulation was recorded upto an optimum level at 1.0 mM, 1.2 mM for Cd and Cr respectively, evident from Translocation Factor > 1. Gradual increase in membrane damage reflected the devastating effect of both Cd and Cr. But enhanced free proline content and non protein thiol content provide enough detoxification capacity to tolerate 1.2 mM Cd, Cr after which biochemical defenses declined. Increased activity of glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase were well documented in 1.2 mM and 1 mM Cd, Cr treated plants respectively. Overexpression of ascorbate peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase was evident by the appearance of additional bands with respect to control plants which would provide acute detoxification capacity of the plant to cope up with gradual increasing Cd, Cr contamination. Conclusion: This newly emergent Cd and Cr tolerant plant which can thrive well in highly Cd, Cr contaminated soil under field condition is thought to have the potential for phytoremediation of multiple metal contaminated sites of major polluted cities.
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Статья научная
The effect of chemical residues of clomazone on photosynthetic processes has been studied by using several low concentrations of the herbicide (0, 1, 0.1, 0.01, 0.001, 0.0001 and 0.00001) µM and seedlings of two varieties of tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L.cv.Virginie vk51, Nicotiana tabacum, L.cv. Xanthi ). The content of photosynthetic pigments, the parameters of the chlorophyll-a fluorescence and the JIP-test were performed on an adult leaf (AL) and a young leaf (YL), that gave a complementary design to know the action's mode of clomazone on the plant physiological processes. Clomazone reduced the total chlorophyll (a+b), carotenoids pigments (reduction in size antenna pigments judged by an increase in the chlorophyll a/b ratio) in young leaves more than adults leaves. The maximal photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) of photosystem II (PSII) decreased significantly in young leaves compared to adult leaves and in (Virginie) variety than (Xanthi) variety. Among the parameters calculated of the JIP-test most affected by the treatment, PIabs, 1-VJ, ABS/RC, DI0/RC, TR0/RC, ET0/RC, ET0/ABS, which indicated a comparable effects of clomazone(1μM, 0.1µM, 0.01µM) between the two types of leaves and the varieties used. More, the results showed that the concentration (1μM) was the most effective among the other low concentrations used and the (Virginie) variety is more sensitive than the (Xanthi) variety. We conclude that clomazone has probably two combined functions (physiological, toxic) judged by the different behavior of both types of leaves in the presence of the herbicide.
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Study of radioprotective properties of potassium humate in gamma irradiated wheat seedlings
Статья научная
The radioprotective properties of potassium humate were studied under model conditions. The growth dynamics of wheat seedlings treated with 0.01%, 0.001% and 0.001% solutions of potassium humate both before and after γ-irradiation at a dose of 200 Gy was studied. A positive effect of potassium humate solutions on the activity of catalase, the amount of malondialdehyde, chlorophyll pigments and carotenoids, fluorescent characteristics (the maximum quantum yield of PSII (photosystem II) in seedlings obtained from gamma-irradiated wheat seeds was revealed.
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Статья научная
Our work consists to study the germinative behaviour of the seeds of Aristolochia baetica L. of Tessala Mount (western Algeria), endemic species of western Algeria, Morocco and the Iberian Peninsula. The germination tests were carried out under controlled conditions, in Petri dishes lined with filter paper. We studied the effect of some physicochemical pretreatments on the improvement of germination capacity of seeds. The effect of temperature, water and salt stress has also been studied. The results show that the seeds of Aristolochia baetica are dormant and that only pretreatment with gibberellic acid (GA3), soaking in distilled water and stratification have been able to remove their inability to germinate. The optimum thermal of germination is between 15 °C and 20 °C. The seeds of Aristolochia baetica are very sensitive to water stress, their tolerance level is -0.19 bar beyond which their germination is inhibited. However, they are intolerant to salinity.
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Study of the tolerance of ten accessions of carrot ( Daucus carota L.) to salinity
Статья научная
The present work has focused on the assessment of the tolerance of ten accessions of carrot (L 1, L 2, L 3, F 4, E 5, R 7, R 8, L 10, G 11 and S 12) to salt stress, grown in the region of Sidi Bouzid. The tests were carried out under plastic greenhouse (during 5 months). The results obtained show that the salt stress reduced the parameters of growth and production. However, a difference in the response to salt stress was recorded between the accessions studied. A reduction in yield of up to 70 % with the concentration 3 g / l of NaCl, for different accessions studied is recorded. However, the accession L 1 who has given the longer roots and dry matter yield and the largest root shows the most tolerant accessions unlike L 10, G 11 and S 12 which are the most sensitive.
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