Статьи журнала - Журнал стресс-физиологии и биохимии
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Статья научная
Role of structural carbohydrate content and lignifications in rice shoot were studied in three indica rice ( Oryza sativa L.) cultivars namely FR13A (tolerant to submergence), IR42 (susceptible to submergence) and Sabita (adapted to medium depth, 0-50 cm stagnant flooding), varying degrees of tolerance to submergence under control and 8 days after submergence conditions. During submergence, Sabita and IR 42 accelerated the rate of stem and leaf elongation more than that of FR 13A. Submergence significantly reduces the cellulose and hemicelluloses content. The decrease was more pronounced in susceptible rice cultivar than that of tolerant rice cultivar. Lignifications’ was monitored by measuring the content of lignin and the activities of two enzymes of the lignin biosynthetic pathway, coniferyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) in rice shoots. Lignin content and PAL and CAD activity was more in susceptible cv. both under control and 8d after submergence. In conclusion submergence induced elongation of rice shoot might decreased the structural carbohydrate level as our experiment showed a significant negative correlation of cellulose and hemicelluloses with plant height but also positively associated with plant survival under submergence. The content of lignin and activities of CAD and PAL showed negative association with shoot elongation, yet the association of these parameters with survival was non-significant.
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Studies on developmental variation of isoperoxidase and protein profile of Zea mays L
Статья научная
The present study was aimed to produce the isoperoxidase and protein marker for the maize cultivars from India and to find the isoperoxidase and protein expression on the various developmental stages. The leaf samples of Zea mays L. were harvested on 3rd, 7th, 11th, 15th, 19th, 23rd and 27th d for electrophoretic analysis of isoperoxidase and protein. The total protein and isoperoxidase were isolated using the standard procedure described by Sadasivam and Manickam. Isozyme and protein separation was carried out using 10% non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The banding pattern suggested several similarities as well as presence of unique isoperoxidase and protein in each stage. These studies will be useful for the identification of the major proteins present at different developmental stages of Z. mays.
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Статья научная
The fall army worm (FAW) ( Spodoptera frugiperda ) is a polyphagous pest which causes damage to commercially important cultivated crops such as maize, rice, sorghum, cotton and also different vegetable crops. Carboxyl esterases (CarE, EC.3.1.1.1) or esterases are enzymes in the carboxyl / cholinesterase gene family that catalyze the hydrolysis of carboxyl esters. The carboxylesterases enzyme are the detoxification enzymes in FAW. Therefore, the inhibition of carboxylesterases from FAW would help in pest management. In this scenario, Isolation, purification and inhibition studies were carried out on the midgut carboxylesterase enzyme of FAW. Through a combination of steps including centrifugation, ammonium sulfate gradient precipitation, DEAE-Cellulose ion exchange chromatography, the enzyme was purified from fifth instar larvae of FAW. The final purified carboxylesterase after ion exchange chromatography had a specific activity of 7282.22 units / mg protein, 5.6 - fold of crude homogenate, and a yield of 25%. The purity of esterase was established by PAGE and SDS-PAGE. The SDS-PAGE revealed a molecular weight of approximately 45kDa to 66kDa. Our studies on the purified midgut carboxylesterase showed complete inhibition by organophosphorous inhibitor (10-4 M). The enzyme was also inhibited by 1x concentration of Lizol (disinfectant) and by different natural extracts (1x) as well.
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Статья научная
Seed is a developmental stage that is highly protective against external stresses in the plant life cycle. Present study was undertaken with the aim to elucidate the toxic effect of Cu (II) ions on the antioxidant enzymes in chickpea cultivars during seed development and growth. Seven-day-old seedlings were subjected to different concentrations (0-100 ppm) of CuSO 4*7H 2O for 2 days followed by analysis of effect on different antioxidant enzymes. Our results indicated that with the increase in the Cu ion concentration, the antioxidant activities of catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and superoxide dismutase showed a differential behavioral pattern. Besides the antioxidant activity, the toxic affect was also observed in other physiological parameters viz. root/shoot length, RWC and lipid peroxidation. This study indicates that the toxicity of Cu stress is dependent on the physiological state of tissue surrounding the embryo is in part responsible for determining the toxicity.
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Статья научная
The influence of 0, 0.1 mM, 0.5 mM, 1.0 mM, 4.0 mM, 8.0 mM fluoride (F) concentration on seed germination, seedling growth of gram seeds (cv. Anuradha) was studied under laboratory condition. At the end of 15 days of treatment, significant reduction in root length, shoot length, dry weight, fresh weight, % of germination, protein content, catalase activity, tolerance index, vigour index, germination rate, germination relative index, mean daily germination were observed at increasing fluoride concentration. Total soluble sugar content, proline content, peroxidase activity, ascorbic acid oxidase activity, % DFC, % phytotoxicity of root and shoot increased along with gradual increment of F concentration. 4.0 mM F concentration was found to be most sensitive for gram seeds. At 8.0 mM F concentration germination occurred but plants were totally dried after completion of treatment period.
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Статья научная
The present research investigation intends at investigating the effect of on Sialic acid components in male albino rats of an aqueous extract of seeded papaya fruit pulp and seed extract specified as a combined dose and seedless variety papaya fruit pulp extract. The primary objective of the current research investigation was to evaluate the effects that occurred on male albino Wistar rats of semi-ripe fruit pulp extract from Carica papaya (fruits with and without seeds). The development of spermatozoa's ability to fertilise, the coating of spermatozoa with specific antigens, and changes in their membrane surface are all related to Sialic acid. Less spermatozoa cells in the testicular compartments and fewer of these cells are indicated by the decrease in Sialic acid contents in the testis and epididymis of both experimental groups.
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Study of Antioxidant Activity of Selected Medicinal Plants and Herbs in Iran and China
Статья научная
Medicinal plants and herbs have been used for the treatment of different diseases among various approaches employed in combatting and treatment of various ailments. Medicinal plants and herbs contain different antioxidants which help to confer protection against free radicals associated diseases. The antioxidant components are mainly produced in plants in the form of secondary metabolites. The exogenous antioxidants are basically obtained from medicinal plants and food such as traditional medicinal herbs, spices, flowers, beverages, mushrooms, cereals, vegetables, and fruits. The natural antioxidants of plants are vitamins, carotenoids, polyphenols as stilbenes, lignans, anthocyanins, flavonoids, and phenolic acids. In both China and Iran, people have consumed medicinal plants as an alternative to traditional medicine for thousands of years. In recent years, researches and studies on antioxidant activities of medicinal herbs and plants have increased significantly because of enhanced interest in the healthy food industry, and rich natural sources of antioxidants. This review aims to highlight the importance of medicinal plants with antioxidant activity, and introduce some of the most important plants and herbs with antioxidant activities which are common in China and Iran while considering their mechanisms of actions and their functions in treatment and prevention of different diseases.
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![Study of Physio-Morphological and Biochemical Changes during Different Developmental Stages in Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] Under Natural Environmental Conditions](/file/thumb/143186154/study-of-physio-morphological-and-biochemical-changes-during-different.png "Study of Physio-Morphological and Biochemical Changes during Different Developmental Stages in Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] Under Natural Environmental Conditions")
Статья научная
The experiments were conducted to determine the effect of ageing [different developmental stages (15days, 35days and 50 days)] as a stress on growth and biochemical parameters in Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek (mungbean) plant. The plants were uprooted and collected for observations on the 15th day, 35th day and 55th day after sowing. In natural environmental condition the plant grows naturally and its morphological parameters like shoot length, root length, leaf area, fresh weight and dry weight increased throughout. Photosynthetic pigment like chlorophyll content increased throughout but the carotenoid content decreased in aged plant tissues. Antioxidant enzymes like peroxidase activity significantly increased but catalase activity decreased as plants get older. The protein content and osmoprotectant proline content get slightly decreased in 35 DAS plant. As the plant ages, it undergoes significant internal changes driven by stress and maturation.
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Статья научная
Background and objectives: Diabetes mellitus is the most common endocrine disorder and the leading cause of death and disability in the world. Magnesium is the most common intracellular cation involved in insulin mediated glucose uptake. This study was conducted in type 2 diabetic patients to assess fasting blood glucose (FBS), HbA1c and serum magnesium levels and compare it with normal controls. Materials and Methods: This was a case control study which included 50 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 50 healthy controls. Serum magnesium was estimated by calmagite endpoint method. HbA1c was estimated by immunoturbidimetry method. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS. Results and discussion: Decrease in mean level of serum magnesium were observed among diabetic patients. A negative correlation was observed between serum magnesium and HbA1c. A linear regression analysis showed an inverse relationship between serum magnesium and glycemic control among patients with diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: We concluded that type 2 diabetic patients who are at risk of developing microvascular complications with poor glycemic control must be regularly monitored for serum magnesium levels.
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Study of chlorophyll a and b in etiolated and androgenic plants of barley
Статья обзорная
In order to characterize the occurrence of albino plantlets during the androgenetic process in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), chlorophyllous content of microspore derived structures were analyzed in various cultivar. The dynamics of quantities of a and b chlorophylls and their relations within etiolated and androgenic plants of the contrasting cultivars of Igri and Cork have been compared. Research on chlorophyll content dynamics showed that the androgenic plants of cv. Igri accumulated a higher content of chlorophyll compared to the regenerants of cv. Cork. This deficiency of chlorophyll in regenerants may be directly related to a high number of albinos in the anther culture of cv. Cork
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Статья научная
Suaeda maritima (L.) Dumort. of the family Chenopodiaceae, is an annual succulent herb growing on salty marshy habitat as one of the dominant mangrove associate species and also as pure vegetation of that. It is regularly harnessed by the local people for use as food as well as for alleviating different maladies. Alpha-amyrin, a triterpenoid, is a remarkable biomolecule available in S. maritima . It is reported to have cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties. A survey of the amount of alpha-amyrin content available in the individuals of S. maritima, collected from eight different regions of the sea coast of the bay of Bengal like, Digha, Sankarpur, Tajpur, Dadanpatrabarh, Shoula, Bankiput and Petuaghat, was conducted with normal phase high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) in this study. It also portrayed variation in the amount of alpha-amyrin among the plant individuals of the species growing in the said zones. The existence of variation in the amount of alpha-amyrin seems to be prospective for selecting the best producer out of them.
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Study of metal resistance potential of the Cd, Cr tolerant alligator weed
Статья научная
Background – Environmental deterioration due to heavy metal pollution is a major global concern for its immense importance in the ecosystem. Indiscriminate use of heavy metals for rapid urbanization and industrial exploration is a pressing threat to human health. Among this Cd and Cr contamination is most dangerous as these metals directly enter into the food chain due to their higher solubility and mobility. Identification of a metal tolerant native plant species would be helpful to decontaminate Cd and Cr polluted land. In our previous study, field investigations were conducted to evaluate the tolerance potential of Alligator weed to Cd and Cr.Alligator weed [ Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart). Griseb ],is the most widely distributed perennial stoloniferous herb in these contaminated areas in and around Kolkata. Purpose of the study – To establish metal tolerant capacity of the species, different biochemical parameters assessing its metal accumulation capacity and reflecting its detoxification mechanism were studied. For these purpose, the same plant collected from the highest metal contaminated area was grown under laboratory condition with external application of various concentration of Cd and Cr individually and synergistically (0.5, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.5, 1.8 mM). To estimate the hazardous effects of Cd and Cr on this weed, membrane damage was quantified in form of lipid peroxidation i.e MDA production. The metal uptake and accumulation potential was estimated by measuring the Cd and Cr concentration in root and shoot. Some soil parameters such as Orgnaic Carbon, Cation exchange capacity were also studied to explain the bio availability of metals. Various biochemical parameters such as free proline content, non protein- thiol content and zymogram analysis of antioxidative isozymes (such as, Guiacol peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase and ascorbate peroxidase) were studied to assess its metal resistant capacity. Result: The acidic pH and enhanced Cation Exchange Capacity of soil made both Cd and Cr more bioavailable with increasing metal concentration. Linear increase in metal uptake and accumulation was recorded upto an optimum level at 1.0 mM, 1.2 mM for Cd and Cr respectively, evident from Translocation Factor > 1. Gradual increase in membrane damage reflected the devastating effect of both Cd and Cr. But enhanced free proline content and non protein thiol content provide enough detoxification capacity to tolerate 1.2 mM Cd, Cr after which biochemical defenses declined. Increased activity of glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase were well documented in 1.2 mM and 1 mM Cd, Cr treated plants respectively. Overexpression of ascorbate peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase was evident by the appearance of additional bands with respect to control plants which would provide acute detoxification capacity of the plant to cope up with gradual increasing Cd, Cr contamination. Conclusion: This newly emergent Cd and Cr tolerant plant which can thrive well in highly Cd, Cr contaminated soil under field condition is thought to have the potential for phytoremediation of multiple metal contaminated sites of major polluted cities.
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Статья научная
The effect of chemical residues of clomazone on photosynthetic processes has been studied by using several low concentrations of the herbicide (0, 1, 0.1, 0.01, 0.001, 0.0001 and 0.00001) µM and seedlings of two varieties of tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L.cv.Virginie vk51, Nicotiana tabacum, L.cv. Xanthi ). The content of photosynthetic pigments, the parameters of the chlorophyll-a fluorescence and the JIP-test were performed on an adult leaf (AL) and a young leaf (YL), that gave a complementary design to know the action's mode of clomazone on the plant physiological processes. Clomazone reduced the total chlorophyll (a+b), carotenoids pigments (reduction in size antenna pigments judged by an increase in the chlorophyll a/b ratio) in young leaves more than adults leaves. The maximal photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) of photosystem II (PSII) decreased significantly in young leaves compared to adult leaves and in (Virginie) variety than (Xanthi) variety. Among the parameters calculated of the JIP-test most affected by the treatment, PIabs, 1-VJ, ABS/RC, DI0/RC, TR0/RC, ET0/RC, ET0/ABS, which indicated a comparable effects of clomazone(1μM, 0.1µM, 0.01µM) between the two types of leaves and the varieties used. More, the results showed that the concentration (1μM) was the most effective among the other low concentrations used and the (Virginie) variety is more sensitive than the (Xanthi) variety. We conclude that clomazone has probably two combined functions (physiological, toxic) judged by the different behavior of both types of leaves in the presence of the herbicide.
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Study of radioprotective properties of potassium humate in gamma irradiated wheat seedlings
Статья научная
The radioprotective properties of potassium humate were studied under model conditions. The growth dynamics of wheat seedlings treated with 0.01%, 0.001% and 0.001% solutions of potassium humate both before and after γ-irradiation at a dose of 200 Gy was studied. A positive effect of potassium humate solutions on the activity of catalase, the amount of malondialdehyde, chlorophyll pigments and carotenoids, fluorescent characteristics (the maximum quantum yield of PSII (photosystem II) in seedlings obtained from gamma-irradiated wheat seeds was revealed.
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Study of the Degree of Resistance of Stone Fruit Ovary to Late Spring Frosts and Its Mechanisms
Статья научная
Late spring frosts often cause complete yield losses in stone fruit crops, reducing the profitability of orchards in the Lower Volga and Central Russia. The aim of this research is to identify sources of high resistance of stone fruit genotypes to late spring frosts at the ovary stage for use in breeding, as well as to identify possible mechanisms of resistance of reproductive organs to low temperatures. In the field, after two recurrent spring frosts with temperatures of -2°C and -4°C, ovary resistance was studied in 10 cherry, 17 sweet cherry, 10 plum, 10 plum-sloe hybrids, 43 apricot, and 27 peach varieties. Genotypes with the highest resistance to late spring frosts were identified. Hormonal and water balance characteristics of developing ovaries were studied in peach genotypes with contrasting frost resistance and apricot varieties with contrasting winter hardiness. The main criteria for selecting genotypes with resistance to recurrent spring frosts and areas of research into potential resistance mechanisms are outlined.
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Статья научная
Our work consists to study the germinative behaviour of the seeds of Aristolochia baetica L. of Tessala Mount (western Algeria), endemic species of western Algeria, Morocco and the Iberian Peninsula. The germination tests were carried out under controlled conditions, in Petri dishes lined with filter paper. We studied the effect of some physicochemical pretreatments on the improvement of germination capacity of seeds. The effect of temperature, water and salt stress has also been studied. The results show that the seeds of Aristolochia baetica are dormant and that only pretreatment with gibberellic acid (GA3), soaking in distilled water and stratification have been able to remove their inability to germinate. The optimum thermal of germination is between 15 °C and 20 °C. The seeds of Aristolochia baetica are very sensitive to water stress, their tolerance level is -0.19 bar beyond which their germination is inhibited. However, they are intolerant to salinity.
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Study of the tolerance of ten accessions of carrot ( Daucus carota L.) to salinity
Статья научная
The present work has focused on the assessment of the tolerance of ten accessions of carrot (L 1, L 2, L 3, F 4, E 5, R 7, R 8, L 10, G 11 and S 12) to salt stress, grown in the region of Sidi Bouzid. The tests were carried out under plastic greenhouse (during 5 months). The results obtained show that the salt stress reduced the parameters of growth and production. However, a difference in the response to salt stress was recorded between the accessions studied. A reduction in yield of up to 70 % with the concentration 3 g / l of NaCl, for different accessions studied is recorded. However, the accession L 1 who has given the longer roots and dry matter yield and the largest root shows the most tolerant accessions unlike L 10, G 11 and S 12 which are the most sensitive.
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Статья научная
To investigate the protective function of additional soil application of hydrogel on the soil and foliar application of chitosan on wheat under non-irrigated water stress condition an experiment was conducted at the research field of Crop Physiology and Ecology Department, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with three replications. Five growing conditions (well water, water stress, soil application of hydrogel (5 kg ha-1), foliar application (90 ppm) of chitosan and combined application of hydrogel and chitosan under water stress, respectively) were set up as the main plot treatment and two wheat varieties (Shatabdi and BARI Gom-28) were set up as sub plot treatment. Interaction effect of growing conditions and wheat varieties significantly influenced the grain yield and yield attributes of wheat. But thier effect on the phenological stages was not significant except physiological maturity. Maximum plant height, number of spikes plant-1,spike length, number of spikelets spike-1, number of grains spike-1, thousand grain weight, biological yield, grain yield and harvest index were observed under well water condition. Non-irrigated water stress significantly reduced grain yield and yield attributes, whereas application of hydrogel and chitosan improved these traits under water stress condition. But the combined application of hydrogel and chitosan was found more effective and BARI Gom-28 responded better in these regard. Exogenous application of hydrogel and chitosan separately had a positive effect on different studied traits of wheat under drought condition. Exogenous application of both hydrogel and chitosan helped both the wheat varieties to perform better and to give higher yield (4.40 and 4.96 tha-1 in Shatabdi and BARI Gom-28, respectively) under non-irrigated water stress condition.
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Study on the effect of paraquat dichloride’s (PD) acute toxicity on Anabas testudineus (Bloch, 1792)
Статья научная
A commonly used herbicide in agriculture, paraquat dichloride (PD) has caused a great deal of concern due to its high toxicity and potential impact on the environment. The present study aims to study the effect of paraquat dichloride’s (PD) acute toxicity, behavioural and morphological changes on Anabas testudineus. The species Anabas testudineus , also known as the climbing Perch. Fish were treated with five different doses of PD concentrations in a Fishery Science lab to estimate the LC50 value. The probit analysis method was used to calculate the LC50 value for PD exposure. Fish exposed to (PD) exhibited behavioral abnormalities such as altered nervous behavior, elevated stress response, and respiratory distress. When exposed fish were examined morphologically, several abnormalities were found, such as Sclerosis in the head and tail region, Mucous layer on the whole body, Blood from gills, Redness in eyes, Belly swelling, Red color appearing in the head and tail region, pelvic fin, and anal fin destroyed. The finding of the study shows, Anabas testudineus exposed to PD had an LC50 value of 116.94 mgL-1, which implies the level of toxicity concentration. These results indicate that exposure to (PD) influences the behavior and external morphology of Anabas testudineus . This study emphasizes how PD affects freshwater fish, specifically Anabas testudineus , in an acute toxicological way. In addition, observed morphological and behavioral changes highlight the significance of tracking and controlling the use of PD in agricultural practices to minimize any potential adverse environmental impacts and protect the aquatic ecosystem.
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Studying of import mechanisms for different length and structure DNA into plant mitochondria
Статья научная
We investigated import of DNA of various length (109 bp, 269 bp, 717 bp, 1540 bp, 2732 bp, 9000 bp and 11600 bp) into the isolated mitochondria from potato tubers ( Solanum tuberosum ) and turnip root crops ( Brassica rapa ). The results imply existence of multiple pathways of DNA transfer into plant mitochondria. It was established that the transport of short length DNA (100-300 bp) is apparently carried out with the participation of several protein carriers which nature is currently unknown. We identified factors that influence the process of DNA transfer into mitochondria. These factors include the length of nucleic acid molecule and the presence of terminal inverted repeats that are specific to linear mitochondrial plasmids of plants.
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